Low temperature combustion (LTC) is a recent engine technology that can reduce the oxides of nitrogen (NOx) and soot emissions simultaneously while maintaining higher thermal efficiency. The present review work investigates the performance, emission and combustion characteristics of LTC mode engines. Partially premixed LTC (PPLTC), homogeneous charge compression ignition (HCCI), premixed charge compression ignition (PCCI) and reactivity controlled compression ignition (RCCI) modes are researched under LTC mode. In recent decades, different engine strategies have been employed to reduce exhaust emissions and to enhance thermal efficiency. Exhaust gas recirculation, variable valve timing (VVT), advanced fuel injection technologies are adapted to achieve LTC mode in internal combustion (IC) engines to get improved outcomes. This review highlights the properties of fuels, fuel supply systems, valve actuation mechanisms, engine operating conditions and its effects on the engine characteristics. This review provides a perspective plan to the researchers for enhancing the performance, emission and combustion behavior of an engine by using LTC mode with lower NOx and soot emissions. Among LTC mode engines, RCCI mode engine operates well in 60% load, 60% premixed ratio, 35:1 air-fuel ratio and 56% brake thermal efficiency within the combustion phasing control.

A review on low temperature combustion engines: Performance, combustion and emission characteristics

Structure, surface and reactivity of activated carbon: From model soot to Bio Diesel soot

The concept of combustion chamber modifications of diesel engines has been attracting much attention in the field of engine research. Many researchers are investigating modified combustion chambers in modern engines because several studies revealed encouraging results: improved brake thermal efficiency (BTE), and reduced brake specific fuel consumption (BSFC), hydrocarbon (HC), carbon monoxides (CO), soot and smoke emissions. However, further investigation is needed into chamber modification vis-a-vis the creation of ordered turbulence, which can help to control nitrogen oxides (NOx) emissions; besides, the rapid turbulence formations on piston crowns lead to impotent tendencies like knocking, system failure and unregulated emissions. A survey of recent studies in the literature has revealed that these chamber modifications can impact positively on air-fuel mixture rates, fluid distribution, heat transfer rates and emission formations. The primary focus of this study is to evaluate engine combustion characteristics,performance and emissions due to chamber modifications by investigating their effect on different chamber profiles and fuels. This critical analysis of these potential combustion factors can be useful to several research groups for understanding the key factors, challenges, and state of art of chamber modifications. It emerges from the literature that these modifications are easily adaptable and can accommodate a variety of research strategies and options. Thus, this review underscores that the continuation of this study should focus on compatible models with multiple advanced combustion strategies and computational tools in order to attain further refinements to the engine outcomes.

Combustion chamber modifications to improve diesel engine performance and reduce emissions: A review

Study on vortex characteristics and velocity distribution in small rotary engine

Optimization of a diesel/natural gas dual fuel engine under different diesel substitution ratios

Effects of separated swirl combustion chamber geometries on the combustion and emission characteristics of DI diesel engines

Verifying the wall-flow-guided assumption of the lateral swirl combustion system in DI diesel engines

The wall-flow-guided and interferential interactions of the lateral swirl combustion system for improving the fuel/air mixing and combustion performance in DI diesel engines

Variable valve timing (VVT) technology effectively improves the performance of diesel engines. The technology is widely used in traditional four-stroke diesel engines. They use a valve-type...

Effect of Layered-Port VVT on Performance of Opposed-Piston Two-Stroke Diesel Engine

The invention discloses a variable gas distribution phase mechanism for an opposed-piston engine, and belongs to the technical field of internal combustion engine structures. The variable gas distribution phase mechanism comprises an air cylinder sleeve, an air inlet slide sleeve, an air outlet slide sleeve, an air inlet connecting rod, an air outlet connecting rod and an adjustable crank, wherein the air cylinder sleeve is provided with a plurality of layers of air ports; the number of the air port layers on the air cylinder sleeve corresponds to the relevant engine rotation speed, namely the air port adjusting type is adjusted by different shifts. The variable gas distribution phase mechanism consists of two crank slide block mechanisms in series; the adjustable crank is adjusted to drive the slide sleeves to move under the actions of the air inlet connecting rod and the air outlet connecting rod, so as to switch the number of air port layers in different shifts. The variable gas distribution phase mechanism has the advantages that the average effective pressure and the gas changing characteristic of the opposed-piston engine can reach the optimum state under various working conditions; the cost is reduced, and the system reliability is improved.

Zhao Weihua

Papers

Effects of separated swirl combustion chamber geometries on the combustion and emission characteristics of DI diesel engines

Verifying the wall-flow-guided assumption of the lateral swirl combustion system in DI diesel engines

The wall-flow-guided and interferential interactions of the lateral swirl combustion system for improving the fuel/air mixing and combustion performance in DI diesel engines

Effect of Layered-Port VVT on Performance of Opposed-Piston Two-Stroke Diesel Engine

Variable gas distribution phase mechanism for opposed-piston engine