Organophosphorus chemical security from a peaceful perspective: sustainable practices in its synthesis, decontamination and detection

On-Water and Efficient Ullmann-Type O-Arylation Cross Coupling Reaction of Phenols and Aryl Tosylates in the Presence of Fe3O4@Starch-Au as Nanocatalyst

Phosphorus fluoride exchange: Multidimensional catalytic click chemistry from phosphorus connective hubs

The dwindling supply of renewables, coupled with the alarming negative impacts of the available resources raises serious concerns about the sustainability of the chemical and physical processes. Thus, it becomes imperative to find alternative options to such processes to make the processes greener and hence more sustainable. Though the sustainable approaches, especially in the context of synthetic procedures, involve the greener routes, the special mention seems apt due to the sharp growth of the associated fields in recent past. As the utilization of inexpensive, earth-abundant, and environmentally benign precursors is the primary objective of these approaches, it is impossible to generalize this with a single strategy and hence a further categorization is necessary. In this context, the current chapter aims to introduce the topic of greener synthetic routes with a classification based on the relation between the size/dimensionality (microscale and nanoscale) as well as the prevalence of the materials with the reported greener synthetic approaches. In each category, the materials are further classified based on their composition and types, and the development of greener synthetic strategies for the preparation of materials (from each category) is described in details. The extrapolation of such approaches for the potential industrial applications is also evaluated. At the end of each section, the present status, current challenges, and possible solutions are highlighted. Special care has been taken to avoid overlap with other chapters from the rest of the book and the primary objective of the chapter is suitably emphasized wherever needed. The authors truly believe that the choice of the topic/subtopics of this chapter makes this a unique one and the current chapter will surely help both the experts and nonexperts who are really interested in exploring the greener synthetic approaches for the preparation of materials of various shape, sizes, functionalities, and properties.

Greener synthesis at different scales

Differentiating Toxic and Nontoxic Tricresyl Phosphate Isomers Using Ion-Molecule Reactions with Oxygen.

Green Synthesis of Triaryl Phosphates with POCl3 in Water

The invention discloses applications of a halogen-free cyclic pyrophosphate in preparation of fire-retardant rigid polyurethane foamed plastic. According to the applications, a polyhydric compound, afoam stabilizing agent, a foaming agent, a catalyst, an isocyanate, and a fire retardant are taken as raw materials for compounding processing so as to obtain the fire-retardant rigid polyurethane foamed plastic. The fire retardant is a halogen-free cyclic pyrophosphate which is high in phosphorus content, and possesses a cyclic structure, so that the fire retardant is excellent in fire resistanceand heat stability, and the high efficiency environment-friendly fire-retardant rigid polyurethane foamed plastic can be prepared. The fire retardant halogen-free cyclic pyrophosphate is high in flame resistance efficiency, and low in using amount; the cost is reduced; the compatibility of the halogen-free cyclic pyrophosphate with a base material is excellent; migration or bleedout is not easilycaused. The prepared high efficiency environment-friendly fire-retardant rigid polyurethane foamed plastic are abundant in raw material sources, and low in cost; the preparation method is simple; industrial conditions are easy to control; and the preparation method is suitable for industrialized production.

Applications of halogen-free cyclic pyrophosphate in preparation of fire-retardant rigid polyurethane foamed plastic

The invention discloses a method for preparing cyclic phosphate or cyclic phosphite. The method comprises the steps: (1) mixing a substance A with an alcoholic compound so as to obtain a mixture, andthen, heating the temperature of the mixture to 110 DEG C to 150 DEG C, wherein the substance A is triphosphate or triphosphite; (2) adding an organic amine catalyst into the mixture, and carrying outan ester exchange reaction for 5 to 9 hours so as to obtain a prepared substance, wherein the prepared substance is cyclic phosphate when the substance A is triphosphate, and the prepared substance is cyclic phosphite when the substance A is triphosphite; (3) carrying out distillation to remove impurities. According to the method, the cyclic phosphate or cyclic phosphite is synthesized in one step by adopting an ester exchange process by adopting organic amine as the catalyst, a solvent is not used, aftertreatment is not required, byproducts can be recycled, and the process route is simple.

Zhao Xinye

Papers

Green Synthesis of Triaryl Phosphates with POCl3 in Water

Applications of halogen-free cyclic pyrophosphate in preparation of fire-retardant rigid polyurethane foamed plastic

Method for preparing cyclic phosphate or cyclic phosphite