The multiple nutrition properties of some exotic fruits: Biological activity and active metabolites

The huge land areas in China provide highly diverse habitats for macrofungi. Of these macrofungi, many are directly related to people’s daily life and have been utilized by ancient Chinese for at least 6800 years. In this study, we evaluate the current known resource diversity of Chinese macrofungi. A total of 1662 taxa are summarized, and all species names and their authorities have been checked and corrected according to authentic mycological databases. Among the 1662 taxa, 1020, 692, and 480 are considered to be edible, medicinal and poisonous mushrooms, respectively. A few of edible macrofungi in China are commonly used for commercial production. All known medicinal functions are labeled for medicinal species. The most common medicinal functions possessed by Chinese macrofungi are antitumor or anticancer, followed by antioxidant and antimicrobial. A total of 277 Chinese macrofungi are edible simultaneously with certain medicinal functions and without known toxicity. These species could be treated as “Gold Mushrooms”. Contrarily, 193 edible and/or medicinal species are also recognized as poisonous mushrooms. To avoid poisoning caused by these species, ingestion either in a proper way or in small amounts is important. However, the mycotoxins metabolized by these poisonous species could be a huge wealth of natural products yet to be explored. How to utilize these Chinese macrofungal resources is a critical to benefit humans worldwide.

Resource diversity of Chinese macrofungi: edible, medicinal and poisonous species.

Chemical constituents of Panax ginseng and Panax notoginseng explain why they differ in therapeutic efficacy.

Qualitative and quantitative analysis on aroma characteristics of ginseng at different ages using E-nose and GC-MS combined with chemometrics

Metabolic reprogramming is a hallmark of tumors, including hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). We used data from The Cancer Genome Atlas and the International Cancer Genome Consortium to assess the alterations in glycolytic and cholesterogenic genes in HCC and to determine their association with clinical features in HCC patients. Based on the gene expression profiles from these databases, we established four subtypes of HCC: cholesterogenic, glycolytic, mixed, and quiescent. The prognosis of the cholesterogenic subgroup was poorer than that of the glycolytic group. Tumors in the glycolytic group were more sensitive to chemotherapy. We also explored the relationships between these metabolic subtypes and previously established HCC subgroups. Glycolytic gene expression correlated strongly with poorer prognostic gene expression in the Hoshida classification of HCC. Whole-genome analyses indicated that aberrant amplification of TP53 and MYC in HCC were associated with abnormal anabolic cholesterol metabolism. The mRNA levels of mitochondrial pyruvate carriers 1 and 2 differed among the HCC metabolic subtypes. In a bioinformatics analysis we identified genomic characteristics of tumor metabolism that varied among different cancer types. These findings demonstrate that metabolic subtypes may be valuable prognostic indicators in HCC patients.

Alterations in glycolytic/cholesterogenic gene expression in hepatocellular carcinoma.

Objective The extraction of jujuboside from semen ziziphi spinosae was optimized. Methods The content of jujuboside was detected by ultraviolet and visible spectrophotometry, and central composite design (CCD)-response surface methodology was used to study the effects of ethanol concentration, ethanol dosage and extraction time as well as their interactions on the content of jujuboside. A predictive model was developed by SAS software, and the optimum extraction conditions were determined by response surface analysis. Results The optimum reflux extraction conditions were 14 times of 75% ethanol extracted 2 h for 2 times. The average content of jujuboside was 34.26 mg/g. Conclusion CCD-response surface methodology for optimizing the reflux extraction press of jujuboside was reliable, and the detected content of jujuboside closed to the predictive value. The predicted extraction process was stabled, and it could be used to direct the industria第 11期 祝洪艳, 等: 中心组合设计-响应面法优选酸枣仁总皂苷的提取工艺研究 3719 lized extraction of jujuboside.

Optimization of reflux extraction of jujuboside from semen ziziphi spinosae by central composite design-response surface methodology.

[Objective] This research was to establish a method for the determination of alpha-mangostin in Garcinia mangostana L. [Method] Reverse phase high-performance liquid chromatography(RP-HPLC) method with an ultra-violet detector(UVD) was performed on a 5 μm DiamonsilTM C18 column(250.0 mm×4.6 mm) at 25 ℃, the mobile phase composition was methanol-water(83∶17), the flow rate was at 1.0 ml/min, the detection wavelength was 317 nm. [Result] The method fulfilled all the standard requirements of precision, accuracy and linearity(r0.999). The recovery was 98.9%, RSD was 1.87%. Alpha-mangostin contents of three batches samples of G. mangostana were 36.4, 37.3, 38.5 mg/g respectively, the average content was 37.4 mg/g. [Conclusion] RP-HPLC-UVD method is simple, accurate, high sensitivity, good reproducibility, and can be used for the determination of alpha-mangostin in G. mangostana.

Determination of alpha-mangostin in pericarpium Garciniae mangostanae by RP-HPLC-UVD.

[Objective] To investigate effects of different elevations on ginseng volatile oil contents and their variation law.[Methods] The volatile oil of ginseng was extracted by steam distillation method,and the volume fractions of the volatile oil components were calculated by area normalization method.The separated components were identified and determined by GC-MS.[Results] There are significant differences in volatile oil content and composition of 4-year old RADIX ET RHIZOMA GINSENG from the areas with different elevations.[Conclusion]Elevation has a certain impact on the components and relative contents of volatile oil,and ginseng volatile oil content increased with the increase of elevation.

Volatile oil contents and their variation law of RADIX ET RHIZOMA GINSENG in Changbai Mountain areas.

To further separate 85% ethanol extract of Pericarpium Garciniae Mangostanae,5 xanthones were isolated by chromatography and identified as isonormangostin(Ⅰ),garcinone E(Ⅱ),7-O-methylgarcinone E(Ⅲ),1,6-dihydroxy-7-methoxy-8-(3-hydroxy-3-methylbutyl)-6′,6′-dimethyl-4′,5′-dihydropyrano[2′,3′:3,2]xanthone(Ⅳ),3-isomangostin(Ⅴ). Compounds Ⅱ and Ⅳ were isolated from the plant for the first time.

Zhao Yan

Papers

Optimization of reflux extraction of jujuboside from semen ziziphi spinosae by central composite design-response surface methodology.

Determination of alpha-mangostin in pericarpium Garciniae mangostanae by RP-HPLC-UVD.

Volatile oil contents and their variation law of RADIX ET RHIZOMA GINSENG in Changbai Mountain areas.

Isolation and identification of several xanthones from the pericarp of Garcinia mangostana.

Research progress on structural modification and bioactivities of cholesterol.