Chemical composition, fumigant and anti-acetylcholinesterase activity of the Tunisian Citrus aurantium L. essential oils

A method based on a simplified extraction by matrix solid phase dispersion (MSPD) followed by ultra-performance liquid chromatography coupled with the quadrupole time-of-flight tandem mass spectrometry (UPLC/Q-TOF-MS) determination is validated for analysis of two phenolics and three terpenoids in Euphorbia fischeriana. The optimized experimental parameters of MSPD including dispersing sorbent (silica gel), ratio of sample to dispersing sorbent (1:2), elution solvent (water–ethanol: 30–70) and volume of the elution solvent (10 mL) were examined and set down. The highest extraction yields of chromatogram information and the five compounds were obtained under the optimized conditions. A total of 25 constituents have been identified and five components have been quantified from Euphorbia fischeriana. A linear relationship (r2 ≥ 0.9964) between the concentrations and the peak areas of the mixed standard substances were revealed. The average recovery was between 92.4% and 103.2% with RSD values less than 3.45% (n = 5). The extraction yields of two phenolics and three terpenoids obtained by the MSPD were higher than those of traditional reflux and sonication extraction with reduced requirement on sample, solvent and time. In addition, the optimized method will be applied for analyzing terpenoids in other Chinese herbal medicine samples.

https://www.mdpi.com/1420-3049/22/9/1524/pdf

Development of a Matrix Solid-Phase Dispersion Extraction Combined with UPLC/Q-TOF-MS for Determination of Phenolics and Terpenoids from the Euphorbia fischeriana.

Ephestia kuehniella Zeller is a key pest by severe deficiencies on quantity and quality of stored products. Due to concerns made by synthetic insecticides, use of natural products (like botanical insecticides) is of great importance as an alternative pest management. In the current study, the effect of diallyl disulfide was determined on digestive enzymes and those involved in intermediary metabolism of E. kuehniella. Concentration of 0.31% was obtained as LC50 of diallyl disulfide followed by bioassay experiments. Activities of α-amylase, proteases, alanine aminotransferase, alkaline phosphatase and lactate dehydrogenase significantly decreased in the treated larvae, while the adverse effects were observed in case of triacylglyceride-lipase, aspartate aminotransferase, γ-glutamyl transferase, aldolase and acid phosphatase. Results confirmed that diallyl disulfide interrupted larval digestion by lower activities of digestive enzymes indicating significant effect on intermediary metabolism.

Effect of diallyl disulfide on physiological performance of Ephestia kuehniella Zeller (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae)

Since ancient times, plant roots have been widely used in traditional medicine for treating various ailments and diseases due to their beneficial effects. A large number of studies have demonstrated that—besides their aromatic properties—their biological activity can often be attributed to volatile constituents. This review provides a comprehensive overview of investigations into the chemical composition of essential oils and volatile components obtained from selected aromatic roots, including Angelica archangelica, Armoracia rusticana, Carlina sp., Chrysopogon zizanioides, Coleus forskohlii, Inula helenium, Sassafras albidum, Saussurea costus, and Valeriana officinalis. Additionally, their most important associated biological impacts are reported, such as anticarcinogenic, antimicrobial, antioxidant, pesticidal, and other miscellaneous properties. Various literature and electronic databases—including PubMed, ScienceDirect, Springer, Scopus, Google Scholar, and Wiley—were screened and data was obtained accordingly. The results indicate the promising properties of root-essential oils and their potential as a source for natural biologically active products for flavor, pharmaceutical, agricultural, and fragrance industries. However, more research is required to further establish the mechanism of action mediating these bioactivities as well as essential oil standardization because the chemical composition often strongly varies depending on external factors.

https://www.mdpi.com/1420-3049/26/11/3155/pdf

Back to the Roots—An Overview of the Chemical Composition and Bioactivity of Selected Root-Essential Oils

Essential oil repellent action of plants of the genus Zanthoxylum against Bemisia tabaci biotype B (Homoptera: Aleyrodidae)

Essential oils of sixteen Chinese medicinal plants were screened for fumigant toxicity against Bemisia tabaci. The essential oil of Allium sativum exhibited the strongest fumigant activity against B. tabaci with an LC50 value of 0.11 μg/l followed by the essential oils of Agastache rugosa (LC50 = 7.08 μg/l), Illicium verum (LC50 = 8.61 μg/l), Chenopodium ambrosioides (LC50 = 8.80 μg/l), and Syzygium aromaticum (LC50 = 13.54 μg/l). Three essential oils (Curcuma aeruginosa, Schizonepeta tenuifolia and Valeriana officinalis) did not show fumigant toxicity at a concentration of 50.00 μg/l. Chemical composition of garlic essential oil was determined using GC-MS. Two main constituents of the garlic oil, diallyl trisulfide and diallyl disulfide exhibited strong fumigant toxicity against the whitefly with LC50 values of 0.08 μg/l and 0.12 μg/l, respectively while diallyl sulfide has a LC50 value of 1.68 μg/l.

https://www.entomoljournal.com/archives/2014/vol2issue3/PartC/50-168.pdf

Evaluation of fumigant toxicity of essential oils of Chinese medicinal herbs against Bemisia tabaci (Gennadius) (Hemiptera: Aleyrodidae)

Ethanol extracts of 20 plant species (Euphorbiaceae) were assessed for nematicidal activity against the root-knot nematode, Meloidogyne incognita (Kofoid and White) Chitwood. Out of these, four extracts: Croton tiglium, Euphorbia fischeriana, Leptopus chinensis and Ricinus communis caused 100​% mortalities of the root-knot nematode at 1000 μg/ml for 72 h. The ethanol extract of E. fischeriana exhibited nematicidal activity against M. incognita with a 72-h LC50 value of 69.0 μg/ml. Six nematicidal constituents were isolated from E. fischeriana as 1-(2, 4-dihydroxy-6-methoxy-3-methylphenyl)-ethanone (1), jolkinolide A (2), jolkinolide B (3), 12-deoxyphorbol 13-(9Z)-octadecenoate 20-acetate (4), 17-hydroxyjolkinolide A (5), and 17-hydroxyjolkinolide B (6). Compound 4 and 1 exhibited strong toxicity against M. incognita with 72-h LC50 values of 48.6 μg/ml and 87.8 μg/ml, respectively. The other four compounds, compound 5 (LC50 = 354.6 μg/ml), 6 (LC50 = 539.4 μg/ml), 2 (LC50 = 627.7 μg/ml) and 3 (LC50 = 825.2 μg/ml), also possessed toxicity against M. incognita. The above findings suggested that the four ethanol extractsand constituents of E. fischeriana especially compound 4 and 1 may be explored as natural potential nematicides.

https://www.entomoljournal.com/vol2Issue4/pdf/57.1.pdf

Evaluation of nematicidal activity of ethanol extracts of Euphorbiaceae plants and constituents from Euphorbia fischeriana to Meloidogyne incognita (Kofoid and White) Chitwood

Zhi Long Liu

Papers

Evaluation of fumigant toxicity of essential oils of Chinese medicinal herbs against Bemisia tabaci (Gennadius) (Hemiptera: Aleyrodidae)

Evaluation of nematicidal activity of ethanol extracts of Euphorbiaceae plants and constituents from Euphorbia fischeriana to Meloidogyne incognita (Kofoid and White) Chitwood