As the United States becomes more linguistically and culturally diverse, there is a need for effective health communication interventions that target diverse, vulnerable populations, including Latinos. To address such disparities, health communication interventionists often face the challenge to adapt existing interventions from English into Spanish in a way that retains essential elements of the original intervention while also addressing the linguistic needs and cultural perspectives of the target population. The authors describe the conceptual framework, context, rationale, methods, and findings of a formative research process used in creating a Spanish-language version of an evidence-based (English language) multimedia colorectal cancer screening decision aid. The multistep process included identification of essential elements of the existing intervention, literature review, assessment of the regional context and engagement of key stakeholders, and solicitation of direct input from target population. The authors integrated these findings in the creation of the new adapted intervention. They describe how they used this process to identify and integrate sociocultural themes such as personalism (personalismo), familism (familismo), fear (miedo), embarrassment (verguenza), power distance (respeto), machismo, and trust (confianza) into the Spanish-language decision aid.

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Cultural and linguistic adaptation of a multimedia colorectal cancer screening decision aid for Spanish-speaking Latinos.

The continuing flows of immigrants, refugees and asylum seekers throughout the world place significant pressures on translating and interpreting services, particularly in finding competent practitioners in many small minority languages. Training is seen as a necessity for many such practitioners who are without qualifications and often without a professional understanding of the field. However, the small size of many of these language communities entails that established interpreting courses can often not find the number of students, or the teachers, to cater for these languages. Many attempts have been made internationally to provide short courses – often generic, sometimes language-specific – for these languages. After surveying such training internationally, this paper describes one such short course in minority languages run for women in Sydney, Australia in 2011, with an emphasis on domestic violence, health and law. The course prepared participants for work in these fields and to sit for Australia’s...

Monolingual short courses for language-specific accreditation: can they work? A Sydney experience

Creativity is celebrated for its ability to generate economic growth, but despite the strong GDP growth in China in the last two decades, Chinese workers are often assessed as less creative than their Western counterparts. This lesser level of creativity is usually attributed by observers to the influence of culture, education, and political history. However, these influences are not static in China's rapidly changing economic landscape and neither do Chinese workers uniformly accept the assessment of themselves as less creative. Furthermore the thriving cultural industries in China's cities demonstrate a profusion of indigenous creativity, yet the idea that Chinese people are less creative seems to be an enduring one amongst critics. This thesis investigates the meanings associated with creativity, with a view to understanding the Chinese workers are perceived as less creative than Westerners. Based on ethnographic work carried out in Shanghai, this thesis argues that the creativity discourses are deployed as a means to mobilise the workforce and transform workers into self-governing employees and obedient corporate subjects (Foucault, 1999). Psychologists and management academics have largely approached creativity through a logical positivist lens, and in the processes, turned creativity studies into a science, although some qualitative methods have been applied in the area of innovation research (Crossan et al., 1996; Lanzara, 1999). Increasingly the study of creativity has become focused on the production of creative outputs and tied to economic objectives. This thesis develops existing knowledge on creativity by untangling the concept from productivity discourses. It focuses on two primary sites of investigation, namely the software engineering and fashion design sectors of the creative industries. I examine the meanings associated with creativity and how particular personality traits, processes, places, and products come to be considered more creative than others. I then explore the strategies applied by indigenous workers, students, and parents in responding to the dominant creativity discourses. I also make a further theoretical contribution to creativity scholarship by introducing an alternate way of conceptualising creativity that includes multiple perspectives.

Discourses of creativity in Shanghai

This paper sheds some light upon the problem of linguistic definition of interlanguage translation. The author analyzes several famous definitions of translation, uses them as a theoretic base to single out constitutive traits of translation activity (CTTA) and makes an attempt to propose a general linguistic definition of translation. Separate attention is paid to the relationship between the definition of translation and the translation category of correspondence (TCC).In addition to that, the article contains general comparison of translation and other types of interlingual mediation.

On the Linguistic Definition of Translation

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The dynamics of building a better society

Translation means interpretationHowever,there are a lot of controversy on targets of interpretation and its meansThe author's intention,contextual meaning of words and sentences and text genre features constitute the basic elements of the original textDuring the process of interpretation,the interpreter should consider the target readers as well as the original text in an objective way based on his knowledge and characteristic featuresThe best way of interpretation is a demonstration of the idea of the original text in the new cultural context by using a new means which can be understood by target readers

Zhou Xiao-xian

Papers

Translation and Interpretation