Nutrient requirements of poultry

(1973). Laboratory Tests for the Assessment of Nutritional Status. CRC Critical Reviews in Clinical Laboratory Sciences: Vol. 4, No. 3, pp. 215-340.

Laboratory Tests for the Assessment of Nutritional Status

Bariatric surgical procedures are increasingly common. In this review, we characterize the neurologic complications of such procedures, including their mechanisms, frequency, and prognosis. Literature review yielded 50 case reports of 96 patients with neurologic symptoms after bariatric procedures. The most common presentations were peripheral neuropathy in 60 (62%) and encephalopathy in 30 (31%). Among the 60 patients with peripheral neuropathy, 40 (67%) had a polyneuropathy and 18 (30%) had mononeuropathies, which included 17 (94%) with meralgia paresthetica and 1 with foot drop. Neurologic emergencies including Wernicke's encephalopathy, rhabdomyolysis, and Guillain-Barre syndrome were also reported. In 18 surgical series reported between 1976 and 2004, 133 of 9996 patients (1.3%) were recognized to have neurologic complications (range: 0.08-16%). The only prospective study reported a neurologic complication rate of 4.6%, and a controlled retrospective study identified 16% of patients with peripheral neuropathy. There is evidence to suggest a role for inflammation or an immunologic mechanism in neuropathy after gastric bypass. Micronutrient deficiencies following gastric bypass were evaluated in 957 patients in 8 reports. A total of 236 (25%) had vitamin B(12) deficiency and 11 (1%) had thiamine deficiency. Routine monitoring of micronutrient levels and prompt recognition of neurological complications can reduce morbidity associated with these procedures.

Neurologic complications after surgery for obesity.

Hydroperoxide-induced loss of pyridine nucleotides and release of calcium from rat liver mitochondria.

Aims/hypothesis
To assess thiamine status by analysis of plasma, erythrocytes and urine in type 1 and type 2 diabetic patients and links to markers of vascular dysfunction

https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007%2Fs00125-007-0771-4.pdf

High prevalence of low plasma thiamine concentration in diabetes linked to a marker of vascular disease

Thiamine requirement in the adult human as measured by urinary excretion of thiamine metabolites.

The separation of hexosephosphates and triosephosphates by thin-layer chromatography.

: Eight young men consuming a 2800-kcal diet consisting of 80 g protein, 100 g fat and 400 g carbohydrate and providing 0.11 to 0.18 mg thiamine/day, developed clinical symptoms of thiamine deficiency in 9 to 27 days. Thiamine excreted in the urine decreased to less than 50 micrograms/day at the sixth day to the undetectable levels by the eighteenth day of depletion. Low-level repletion (0.54 to 0.61 micrograms/day) for 12 days failed to produce detectable levels of thiamine in the urine. Red blood cell transketolase activity declined with progressive thiamine deficiency and returned to normal levels with low-level repletion. The excretion of the pyrimidine and thiazole moieties of thiamine as metabolites of the vitamin appeared to increase above the levels found with the use of a diet with sufficient thiamine (about 2 mg/day), and was reduced to control levels following low-level repletion. The pyrimidine moiety in the deficient individual appears to be further catabolized. There appears to be a body store of thiamine which is utilized during a period of deficient intake. Serum cholesterol, nonesterified fatty acids, blood phospholipids, creatinine and hematocrit did not change appreciably during thiamine deficiency. The biochemical pattern for thiamine deficiency in human adults is described. (Author)

Excretion of thiamine and its metabolites in the urine of young adult males receiving restricted intakes of the vitamin.

The relative toxicity and metabolic effectiveness of cholecalciferol (CC) and 25-hydroxycholecalciferol (25-HCC) in chicks were evaluated by feeding six graded levels of each and observing gross and microscopic pathology as well as several metabolic parameters of calcium metabolism. Renal tubular calcification was observed when CC was fed at the rate of 10.0 mg/kg of diet and when 25-HCC was fed at the rate of 0.1 mg/kg diet. Thus, 100-fold increase in toxicity results when the hydroxylated form of CC is fed. Both microscopic renal lesions and increased renal calcium and inorganic phosphate concentrations occurred in chicks with normal serum calcium concentrations.

Zigmund Z. Ziporin

Papers

Thiamine requirement in the adult human as measured by urinary excretion of thiamine metabolites.

The separation of hexosephosphates and triosephosphates by thin-layer chromatography.

Excretion of thiamine and its metabolites in the urine of young adult males receiving restricted intakes of the vitamin.

Relative toxicity and metabolic effects of cholecalciferol and 25-hydroxycholecalciferol in chicks.

Vitamin content of foods exposed to ionizing radiations.