The preparation and transformation of heterocyclic structures have always been of great interest in organic chemistry. Electrochemical technique provides a versatile and powerful approach to the assembly of various heterocyclic structures. In this review, we examine the advance in relation to the electrochemical construction of heterocyclic compounds published since 2000 via intra- and intermolecular cyclization reactions.

Use of Electrochemistry in the Synthesis of Heterocyclic Structures.

Conventional methods for carrying out carbon–hydrogen functionalization and carbon–nitrogen bond formation are typically conducted at elevated temperatures, and rely on expensive catalysts as well as the use of stoichiometric, and perhaps toxic, oxidants. In this regard, electrochemical synthesis has recently been recognized as a sustainable and scalable strategy for the construction of challenging carbon–carbon and carbon–heteroatom bonds. Here, electrosynthesis has proven to be an environmentally benign, highly effective and versatile platform for achieving a wide range of nonclassical bond disconnections via generation of radical intermediates under mild reaction conditions. This review provides an overview on the use of anodic electrochemical methods for expediting the development of carbon–hydrogen functionalization and carbon–nitrogen bond formation strategies. Emphasis is placed on methodology development and mechanistic insight and aims to provide inspiration for future synthetic applications in the field of electrosynthesis.

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Electrochemical strategies for C-H functionalization and C-N bond formation.

Electrochemical study of catechol and some 3-substituted catechols in the presence of 4-hydroxy coumarin: application to the electro-organic synthesis of new coumestan derivatives

The total synthesis of wedelolactone, a naturally occurring direct inhibitor of IKK complex that can suppress LPS-induced caspase-11 expression, using a convergent synthetic approach, is described The key steps involved in this synthesis include the palladium-catalyzed Sonogashira reaction and the palladium-catalyzed carbonylative annulation reaction This approach allows access to diversified analogues of wedelolactone

Total synthesis of wedelolactone.

Mechanistic study of electrochemical oxidation of 4-tert-butylcatechol: A facile electrochemical method for the synthesis of new trimer of 4-tert-butylcatechol

Zlatko Bejtović

Papers

Electrochemical synthesis of heterocyclic compounds. XII. Anodic oxidation of catechol in the presence of nucleophiles