Tissue engineering uses a combination of cell biology, chemistry, and biomaterials to fabricate three dimensional (3D) tissues that mimic the architecture of extracellular matrix (ECM) comprising diverse interwoven nanofibrous structure. Among several methods for producing nanofibrous scaffolds, electrospinning has gained intense interest because it can make nanofibers with a porous structure and high specific surface area. The processing and solution parameters of electrospinning can considerably affect the assembly and structural morphology of the fabricated nanofibers. Electrospun nanofibers can be made from natural or synthetic polymers and blending them is a straightforward way to tune the functionality of the nanofibers. Furthermore, the electrospun nanofibers can be functionalized with various surface modification strategies. In this review, we highlight the latest achievements in fabricating electrospun nanofibers and describe various ways to modify the surface and structure of scaffolds to promote their functionality. We also summarize the application of advanced polymeric nanofibrous scaffolds in the regeneration of human bone, cartilage, vascular tissues, and tendons/ligaments.

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Current progress in application of polymeric nanofibers to tissue engineering.

Tissue engineering is a derivative of biomedical engineering, which deals with the repair and regeneration of organs or their tissues. Cell-embedded porous polymeric scaffolds unveil proficiency in rectifying the mechanical trauma of skin, bone erosion, and neurodegenerative diseases like spinal cord injury. Archetypically, pristine cell-based biomaterial scaffolds are utilized; however, investigations over time have validated that incorporation of additives such as silver nanoparticles or bioactive glass augments antimicrobial characteristics in conjunction with cell adherence. An ideal scaffold should exhibit ease of processability, biocompatibility, biodegradability, noncytotoxicity, and excellent mechanical property, and these properties can be achieved with biodegradable polymers. Researchers have extensively explored copious advanced as well as conventional fabrication technologies such as electrospinning, 3D and 4D bioprinting, among others, for contouring of porous polymeric scaffolds in tissue-en...

Progress in the Advancement of Porous Biopolymer Scaffold: Tissue Engineering Application

Nanofibrous poly(vinyl alcohol)/chitosan contained carbonated hydroxyapatite nanoparticles scaffold for bone tissue engineering.

Biocompatible electrically conductive nanofibers from inorganic-organic shape memory polymers B Biointerfaces

Polycaprolactone is a biodegradable and biocompatible polyester which has a wide range of applications in tissue engineering. Electrospinning, the versatile technique, used for the fabricat...

Zohre Heydari

Papers

Engineered electrospun polycaprolactone (PCL)/octacalcium phosphate (OCP) scaffold for bone tissue engineering