Showing papers by "Augustana College (Illinois) published in 1991"

A test of the “messages‐as‐fixed‐effect fallacy” argument: Empirical and theoretical implications of design choices

Abstract: Jackson and Jacobs (1983) reopened a debate, already long resolved by statisticians and linguists, that dealt with treating language variables as random versus fixed effects in analysis of variance designs. Jackson and Jacobs extended the argument to suggest that designs were invalid unless they included multiple messages within single experiments. An ensuing debate has filled scarce journal space, often advancing specious arguments, but at times offering sensible alternatives to the position that there is an invariant messages‐as‐fixed‐effect fallacy in our literature. Despite the lengthy debate, there has been no empirical scrutiny of relevant claims. Presented here is the first empirical test of three alternative analytic models using data from a carefully controlled experiment.

Oral communication competency and teacher certification in the U.S.: Reality and recommendations

Abstract: This article reports the results of a national survey of state teacher certification directors conducted by a subcommittee of the Committee on Assessment and Testing of SCA. Results indicate that there is a lack of uniformity among states on standards and means of assessing communication competence. Seven recommendations are made for ways in which SCA can play a stronger role in serving as an advocate for the importance of oral communication competence in teacher education.

Tournai and Tyranny: Imperial Kingship and Critical Humanism

Abstract: Almost from the first, the reign of Henry VIII witnessed high views of kingship. Some instances in the first decade of his rule have attracted much attention, but one critical episode has been overlooked. In the course of the occupation of Tournai between 1513 and 1519, Henry developed and successfully tested a complete theory of imperial kingship, partly cast in a new language of sovereignty. Drawing in part on the French models liberally strewn about the English cultural landscape, Henry asserted all the prerogatives of a rex imperator not only against the Tournaisiens but more significantly against Leo X. This new model kingship and its implications for royal relations with the church alarmed some of Henry's agents, especially Ralph Sampson. Sampson contented himself with expostulating about the threat to his conscience to his chief, Thomas Wolsey, but others showed more alarm. One of Sampson's friends, Thomas More, a similarly junior but rising functionary, offered two meditations on the potential dangers of Henry's kingship, going much beyond the abstract admonitions against tyranny of his Latin epigrams.

Upper airway and diaphragmatic muscle activity following acute cocaine administration.

Abstract: These studies examined activity of the diaphragm and a laryngeal dilator, the posterior cricoarytenoid, following 3 levels of intravenous and cerebral ventricular administration of cocaine. Both administration routes induced extremely high respiratory rates with enhanced tonic and phasic electromyographic activity, and affected patterning similarly in upper airway and diaphragmantic muscles. Both intravenous and intraventricular administration induced a rise in core and brain temperature related to the route of administration; however, the tachypnea was only loosely related to the hyperthermia. Intraventricular administration resulted in a more rapid onset of peak respiratory rates, and a faster decline than an intravenous route. Different dose levels elicited similar elevated respiratory rates, but higher intravenous doses also resulted in extensive hypertonicity with intemittent phasic movements. Tachypnea continued between these phasic efforts. The phasic events associated with high doses were accompanied by sustained inspiratory efforts; however, no evidence of obstructive apnea was found. These data suggest that cocaine can modify respiratory patterning by inducing a centrally mediated tachypnea and by eliciting sustained, intermittent inspiratory efforts.

Beyond Wertfreiheit Max Weber and Moral Order

Abstract: Although the name of Max Weber is often associated with scientific amorality, in this article we explore the quest for a moral order that permeated his sociology. We begin by reexamining the nature and function of Wertfreiheit in Weber's thought and action. Then, drawing primarily from materials in Marianne Weber's biography of her husband, we show that applied, value relevant, issues characterized the bulk of Weber's work throughout his life. Finally, we speculate briefly on why Wertfreiheit took on the peculiar connotations it now has, particularly in American sociology.

Spatial changes in the hydrology of portions of the twin cities, minnesota: a simulation study

Abstract: A physically based, distributed model called SIRWAT (Spatially Integrated Regional Watershed Analysis Tool) has been designed to simulate water-resource changes in intermediate-scale basins undergoing change due to urban expansion. This water-yield model overcomes several limitations in current simulations through its integration with a geographic information system (GIS) and use of an expanded groundwater model for complex, multi-layered subsurface situations. A typical simulation consists of one or more watersheds with a combined area between 100 and 10,000 km2, and response units of a square kilometer or larger. Input parameters do not require calibration, which allows the model to be applied in a variety of geographic situations. Analysis of the Nine Mile Creek basin in the Twin Cities Metropolitan Area (TCMA) of Minnesota, USA, illustrates the magnitude of change (e.g., annual increases of surface runoff from 23 to 64 percent, and losses of groundwater recharge from 25 to 50 percent) and spatial vari...