Showing papers by "Birla Institute of Technology and Science published in 1973"

Optimal stochastic scheduling of hydrothermal systems

Abstract: The paper describes an efficient algorithm, based on a 1st-order gradient technique in conjunction with a nonlinear-programming technique, for the long-term scheduling of multistorage hydroelectric and multithermal systems for the minimum expected fuel cost under the constraints of expected water available for hydroelectric generation in a given period of time. The system variables are in a discrete form, and the water inflows and load demand are stochastic, their probability properties being pre-estimated from past history. It has been demonstrated through an example solved on an IBM 1130 digital computer that considerable saving in the cost can be achieved through the optimal allocation of the available water.

Reflection and transmission of electromagnetic waves obliquely incident on a relativistically moving uniaxial plasma slab

Abstract: The reflection and transmission properties of electromagnetic waves obliquely incident on a relativistically moving uniaxial plasma slab are investigated theoretically and the maxima and minima of the power reflection coefficient as a function of the normalized incident wave frequency ( \Omega ) and the slab velocity ( \beta ) are discussed for slab motion parallel as well as normal to the slab boundaries. One can predict the nature of variation of the reflection coefficient with respect to any parameter from the variation of q' (the root of the dispersion equation) with that parameter. When q' is real and varies rapidly, the oscillations in the reflection coefficient are rapid and when q' differs significantly from the free-space value, the amplitude will be large. In the imaginary range of q' , the reflection coefficient is nonoscillatory. The discussion of the results is facilitated by introducing a parameter p which is a quadratic in \beta . For slab motion parallel to the interface, the two slab velocities for a given p give rise to same reflection coefficient whilst for normal motion the results are significantly different.

Nickel(II) chloride complexes of 1,5‐disubstituted 2,4‐dithiobiurets

Abstract: The complex compounds formed by the interaction of Nickel(II) chloride with 1,5-disubstituted 2,4-dithiobiurets, have been isolated and characterised. The structure of these complexes have been studied by i.r. spectra, conductance and magnetic susceptibility measurements. It has been found that coordination occurs in these ligands through thiocarbonyl sulphur atoms, present in ligand molecule, which is supported by the potentiometric titrations of ligands and complexes with iodine in THF.

Complex compounds of 1,5‐disubstituted 2,4‐dithiobiurets with zinc(II) and cadmium(II) chloride

Abstract: Anhydrous ZnCl2 and CdCl2 react with 1,5-disubstituted 2,4-dithiobiurets to give complexes of general formula [ML2]Cl2. The complexes have been characterized on the basis of conductance, magnetic and i.r. spectral studies. Co-ordination through sulphur atom and tetrahedral configuration have been proposed for these complexes. Komplexverbindungen von 1,5-disubstituierten 2,4-Dithiobiureten mit Zink- und Cadmiumchlorid. Wasserfreies ZnCl2 und CdCl2 bilden mit 1,5-disubstituierten 2,4-Dithiobiureten Komplexe der allgemeinen Formel [ML2]Cl2, die durch Messungen der Leitfahigkeit, der magnetischen Eigenschaften und der IR-Spektren charakterisiert werden. Fur diese Komplexe wird tetraedrische Konfiguration bei Koordination uber Schwefelatome vorgeschlagen.

Effect of Solvents on the Spectra of Some β‐Diketones

Abstract: Acetoacetanilide, benzoylacetanilide and their derivatives have been examined in ultraviolet region in a series of solvents covering a broad polarity range e. e. from chloroform (Z, 63.2) to methanol (Z .83.6). Transition energies and oscillator strengths have been calculated and transition energy (ET) has been plotted against Z-values, a new empirical measurement of solvent polarity. A linear relationship was observed between the transition energy and Z-values for π π* and n π* transitions. These transitions are identified as charge transfer (c-t) transitions and with the solvents having carbonyl oxygen and sulphur atom a c-t complex formation has been suggested. Strong electron-donating substituents on phenyl group of the nitrogen atom also showed a weak to moderate n π* transitions. These substituents have no influence on the position of the λmax in the same solvent. Stabilization energy of the excited state of these ligands and hence the dipole moments of the excited states have been calculated in comparison with pyridinium iodide. Solvent sensitivities of these ligands have also been calculated.

Very low temperature properties of bosons with repulsive core and attractive tails

Abstract: The properties of a system of bosons interacting through a two body potential composed of a hard repulsive core followed by an attractive square well and having density of the order of that of liquid4He at theλ-point have been studied. The system is found to have a peculiar behaviour around 1 K and we assert that it may have undergone another phase transition around 1 K. Calculations on the effective mass show that them */m values lie between 2 and 9 so that the interacting bosons may have a transition temperature below 1 K. We have also plottedE k vs.k graph for temperatures below 1 K.

Thin-film reflection properties of an anisotropic plasma slab immersed in a static magnetic field normal to the plane of incidence †

Abstract: The reflection and transmission properties of an anisotropic plasma slab immersed in a static magnetic field normal to the plane of incidence are studied for the case of oblique incidence of a parallel-polarized plane wave. The emphasis is on ‘ the thin-film reflection properties ’, namely, the oscillations in the reflection coefficient due to constructive interference of internally reflected waves from the front and back surfaces of the slab geometry. The effect of the slab width, the angle of incidence and the strength of the magnetic field on the nature of the oscillations in the power reflection coefficient are discussed. The general nature of variation of power reflection coefficient for the slab can be predicted from the nature of the characteristic root q1. In the range of real q1 the power reflection coefficient ρ is oscillatory and the oscillations with increasing amplitude will be more and more crowded as q1 increases, finally giving rise to an infinite number of oscillations around the...

Complex Formation of Lead (II) with Bromopyrogallol Red

Abstract: The complex formation of lead with Bromopyragallol Red has been studied spectrophotometrically in an attempt to establish composition, stability, thermodynamic parameters and optimum condition for determining small amounts of lead The blue complex of lead had λmax at 630 nm (against a reagent blank) The composition as determined by different methods is 1:1 at pH 55±01 The mean value of log K, free energy (ΔG), the heat content (ΔH) and entropy change (ΔS) of the complex are found to be 628, −1046 kcal/mole and 631 e u respectively at 25°C The molecular extinction coefficient and Sendall's sensitivity is 5000 and 00140 μg of lead/cm2 The effect of diverse ions was examined with eighteen cations and ten anions, in the determination of lead

An antenna system using a plasma column having a central conductor and excited by a co-axial line†

Abstract: The radiation pattern of an open-ended co-axial line excited in the TEM mode in a plasma column having a central conductor along the axis is studied. The field distribution at the open-end cross-section of the co-axial line is assumed to be equivalent to the vector sum of magnetic current rings of various radii, ranging from the outer radius of the inner conductor to the inner radius of the outer conductor of the co-axial line at the open end. The radiation field is obtained as a vector sum of field components duo to individual rings of magnetic current. This type of configuration gives rise to a veil-enhanced radiation peak near and before the critical angle. The amplitude of the radiation peak depends upon the dimensions of the plasma column, the diameter of the central conductor and the inner diameter of the outer conductor of the coaxial line at the open end. Its direction can be changed by changing the plasma density. Based upon these results it is proposed to develop an electronically scannable narr...

Effect of high temperature on moisture loss, imbibition and germination in the seeds ofTrianthema Crystallina Vahl. and its distribution

Abstract: The germination behaviour of the seeds ofT. crystallina in relation to its frequent distribution in arid and semi-arid belt of Rajasthan has been investigated. In nature, the seed germination in this weed is definitely effected and to some extent controlled by certain features like light, environmental temperature fluctuations, germination temperature and seed age, and their complex effect seems to be responsible for the complex germination behaviour, and also for the common occurrence and distribution of this species in arid and semi-arid areas of low rainfall in Rajasthan and also in the dry habitats of Australia, Arabia and West Pakistan. The seeds possess endogenous seed coat inhibitor which is removed by washing with running water. Germination is also inhibited by total light and dark conditions, but for the diffused light. Constant low (10 °C) and high temperatures (40 °C and above) have also more or less deleterious effect on germination. However, if the seeds are given some intermittent treatment like low temperature (10 °C) or dilute acid (1%) before germination, they show better germination at slightly higher (35 or 40 °C) temperatures (64% and 40.3% respectively). The older seeds show a quick and higher germination percentage (89.6%) while fresh ones show a sufficiently poor percentage (36.3%) when both were germinated under uniform conditions of temperature (35 °C) and germination duration (96 hours). This is due to a slower moisture depletion and higher as well as faster water imbibition capability of old seeds than the fresh ones under identical treatments and conditions. Thus, the older seeds can retain more moisture for long than fresh seeds at all higher temperatures as the old seeds lose moisture slower than the fresh ones (87.2% and 91.6% respectively) when kept for drying under uniform conditions. The increase in water absorption after imbibition is faster in old seeds (48.4%) as compared to fresh ones (24.3%) and that the former which germinate faster, absorb two times more water than the latter when both are put for imbibition under similar conditions of temperature and duration.

Cylindrical Probe in a Collision Dominated Plasma with a Uniform Magnetic Field

Abstract: Langmuir probe theory for a slightly ionized, collisional plasma is extended to a problem formulation to allow for the presence of uniform magnetic field. Plasma potential and density distributions have been studied to the cylindrical probe whose axis is aligned with the direction of the magnetic field. The saturation current for the negatively biased probe has been calculated. The derivation of the mathematical formulation is based upon the technique of taking the conservation of mass to the number flux equations for diffusion with electric and superposed magnetic field solved with the help of Poisson's equation for sheath and quasi-neutral regions.

Spectrophotometric Studies on the Chelate Formation between Zirconium(IV) and Chromotrope 2R

Abstract: The composition and stability of the chelate formed between Zr(IV) and chromotrope 2R has been investigated using spectrophotometric methods. The chelate is violet in color and has λmax at 530 nm. The composition, determined by different methods is 1 : 1. The chelate is stable between pH 1.0-3.0. The value of log K as determined by two different methods are 4.48±0.2 and 4.21±0.1 and the values of free energy of formation are —6.21±0.2 and —5.83±0.1 respectively at 30°C. The system obeys Beer's Law over a concentration range of 2.50 to 20.0 ppm of zirconium. The effective range of photometric determination is 3.50 to 19.05 ppm of zirconium.

I-V characteristics at high level injection taking effective function potential to discuss β-fall off in planar transistors†

Abstract: In this paper the transverse voltage drop has been discussed and estimated. For this study the planar structure has boon considered and its effects upon the current voltage characteristics of the emitter base junction to explain β-fall off at high currents are calculated.

60Co‐v Radiolysis of a Mixture of Benzene and Cyclohexane in Presence of Diphenyl Mercury

Abstract: In the radiolysis of cyclohexane in presence of 4×10−3M diphenylmercury (Hg φ3) three isomers of hexane, methylcyclopentane (G=0.018), benzene (G=0.42) and cyclohexene (G=0.047) were detected. Addition of benzene in the mixture of cyclohexane and Hg φ3 formed two isomers of pentane, hexene and one isomer of hexane as additional products, while cyclohexene was eliminated completely. Normally, eight products were detected in presence of 10 to 50% benzene. Total radiolytic yield of products increased in presence of 15 to 25% benzene but in presence of 35 to 50% benzene G values became very low. Considerable amount of hexene is formed in a mixture of benzene and cyclohexane but neither benzene nor cyclohexane in presence of Hg φ2 formed this compound. In the presence o. benzene and φ2Hg hexane yield is very much reduced. Protection is observed in presence of 10% as well as 35 to 50% benzene in this system. The plot of benzene concentration in moles/litre versus methylcyclopentane is linear and from the slope of the straight line, the values of rate constants were found to be 2.65×10−2 litre/mole sec., 5.25×10−3 litre mole sec., 9×10−7 litre/mole sec. for methylcyclopentane, cyclohexane and benzene respectively. A plot of G(–c-C6H12) versus 1/[C6H6] also gave a straight line which confirms the sponge type protection in this multicomponent system.