Showing papers by "European Space Operations Centre published in 1991"
TL;DR: In this article, the downward solar (0.3-4 μm) and longwave (4-100 μm), and the direct retrieval of the solar net flux at the surface from satellite observations are discussed.
21 citations
TL;DR: The conclusion is that reorbiting is currently the only practical measure to safeguard the geostationary orbit and at higher altitude, the collision probabilities and disposition options.
16 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, the effect of the atmospheric drag at perigee may render the prediction totally uncertain, as illustrated by the recent re-entry of the first Ariane launch payload.
6 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, the strength of each satellite for estimation of the various geophysical and geodetic parameters is used to assess the consistency of the individual and combined solutions of individual solutions.
6 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors describe a skin force modelling software that covers free-molecular aerodynamics, direct and indirect solar radiation pressure effects (diffuse and specular earth albedo, and earth IR), and is supported by state-of-the-art environmental models, and spacecraft geometry and thermo-optical surface models.
6 citations
01 Jul 1991
TL;DR: In this paper, a linear coupling between the solar radiation field observed by the satellite and the surface radiation field facilitates the retrieval for solar radiation, and simple equations for a retrieval of the downwelling solar irradiance, the surface albedo and the net solar flux are derived from the local solar radiative energy budget of the atmosphere-surface system.
Abstract: The retrieval of the surface radiation budget components in both the solar (0.3–4 μm) and longwave (4–100 μm) parts of the spectrum is discussed. A close linear coupling between the solar radiation field observed by the satellite and the surface radiation field facilitates the retrieval for solar radiation. Simple equations for a retrieval of the downwelling solar irradiance, the surface albedo and the net solar flux can be derived from the local solar radiative energy budget of the atmosphere-surface system. Generally the solar retrievals are advanced and provide useful results for climatological studies. In the longwave the satellite estimates are more difficult since the downwelling longwave irradiance at the Earth's surface is largely decoupled from the radiation field at the top of the atmosphere. The clear-sky longwave irradiance is basically determined by the near-surface temperature and humidity field. Clouds with low bases are very effective for increasing the downward longwave flux.
5 citations
TL;DR: In this article, the authors described the improvements to the CMW derivation from METEOSAT images, in particular the height assignment of a wind vector and radiance filtering techniques preceding the cloud tracking.
4 citations