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Showing papers by "Institut Élie Cartan de Lorraine published in 2001"


Journal Article
TL;DR: In this paper, a new class of compact Kahler manifolds, called special, is defined, which are the ones having no surjective meromorphic map to an orbifold of general type.
Abstract: A new class of compact Kahler manifolds, called special, is defined, which are the ones having no surjective meromorphic map to an orbifold of general type. The special manifolds are in many respect higher-dimensional generalisations of rational and elliptic curves. For example, we show that being rationally connected or having vanishing Kodaira dimension implies being special. Moreover, for any compact Kahler $X$ we define a fibration $c_X:X\to C(X)$, which we call its core, such that the general fibres of $c_X$ are special, and every special subvariety of $X$ containing a general point of $X$ is contained in the corresponding fibre of $c_X$. We then conjecture and prove in low dimensions and some cases that: 1) Special manifolds have an almost abelian fundamental group. 2) Special manifolds are exactly the ones having a vanishing Kobayashi pseudometric. 3) The core is a fibration of general type, which means that so is its base $C(X)$,when equipped with its orbifold structure coming from the multiple fibres of $c_X$. 4) The Kobayashi pseudometric of $X$ is obtained as the pull-back of the orbifold Kobayashi pseudo-metric on $C(X)$, which is a metric outside some proper algebraic subset. 5) If $X$ is projective,defined over some finitely generated (over $\Bbb Q$) subfield $K$ of the complex number field, the set of $K$-rational points of $X$ is mapped by the core into a proper algebraic subset of $C(X)$. These two last conjectures are the natural generalisations to arbitrary $X$ of Lang's conjectures formulated when $X$ is of general type.

89 citations


Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this paper, it was shown that the Piatetski-shapiro-Shapiro theorem holds for all the integers such that a prime integer such that is prime.
Abstract: For we denote by the number of integers such that is prime. In 1953, Piatetski-Shapiro has proved that holds for . Many authors have extended this range, which measures our progress in exponential sums techniques. In this article we obtain .

70 citations


Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this article, the on-surface radiation condition method applied to two and three-dimensional time-harmonic scattering problems is examined, which allows us to quickly compute an approximate solution to the initial exact boundary-value problem.
Abstract: The numerical study of the on-surface radiation condition method applied to two- and three-dimensional time-harmonic scattering problems is examined This approach allows us to quickly compute an approximate solution to the initial exact boundary-value problem A general background for the numerical treatment of arbitrary convex-shaped objects is stated New efficient on-surface radiation conditions leading in a natural way to a symmetrical boundary variational formulation are introduced The approximation is based upon boundary finite-element methods Moreover, this study requires a specific numerical treatment of the curvature operator To this end, a numerical procedure using some results about the theory of local approximation of surfaces is described Finally, the effectiveness and generality of the approach is numerically tested for several scatterers

53 citations


Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: A recursive explicit formulation of Taylor's method provides an algorithm leading to symbolic calculations which can be handled by a computer algebra system for microlocally strictly hyperbolic systems.
Abstract: In [ Comm. Pure Appl. Math., 28 (1975), pp. 457--478], M. E. Taylor describes a constructive diagonalization method to investigate the reflection of singularities of the solution to first-order hyperbolic systems. According to further works initiated by Engquist and Majda, this approach proved to be well adapted to the construction of artificial boundary conditions. However, in the case of systems governed by pseudodifferential operators with variable coefficients, Taylor's method involves very elaborate calculations of the symbols of the operators. Hence, a direct approach may be difficult when dealing with high-order conditions. This motivates the first part of this paper, where a recursive explicit formulation of Taylor's method is stated for microlocally strictly hyperbolic systems. Consequently, it provides an algorithm leading to symbolic calculations which can be handled by a computer algebra system. In the second part, an application of the method is investigated for the construction of local radi...

36 citations


Journal Article
TL;DR: In this paper, boundary conditions that model the penetration of a time-harmonic wave into a dissipative obstacle were investigated through a transmission problem that couples the propagations into an absorbing domain and an exterior domain.
Abstract: The present work investigates boundary conditions that modelize the penetration of a time-harmonic wave into a dissipative obstacle. The exact model is given through a transmission problem that couples the propagations into an absorbing domain and an exterior domain. The conditions arise from an asymptotic analysis of the interior solution whose propagation is studied by using pseudodifferential technics classically involved for the construction of radiation boundary conditions. Herein, first and second-order conditions are analyzed and some numerical experiments illustrate their validity domain.

28 citations


Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this paper, the uniqueness of the very singular solution to the Hamilton-Jacobi equation with absorption was proved and it was shown that very singular solutions play an important role in the description of the large time behavior of the solutions.
Abstract: We prove the uniqueness of the very singular solution to a Hamilton-Jacobi equation with absorption. We mention thatthe very singular solutions play an important role in the description of the large time behavior of the solutions.

24 citations


Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: An algorithm is given whose idea is similar to that of [5,7] but which improves the previous one and on the average breaks the $\mid S\mid.\mid T \mid$ barrier.
Abstract: We consider the following problem: Given ordered labeled trees S and T can S be obtained from T by deleting nodes? Deletion of the root node u of a subtree with children $(T_1, \ldots,T_n)$ means replacing the subtree by the trees $T_1, \ldots,T_n$ . For the tree inclusion problem, there can generally be exponentially many ways to obtain the included tree. P. Kilpelinen and H. Mannila [5,7] gave an algorithm based on dynamic programming requiring $O(\mid S\mid.\mid T \mid)$ time and space in the worst case and also on the average for solving this problem. We give an algorithm whose idea is similar to that of [5,7] but which improves the previous one and on the average breaks the $\mid S\mid.\mid T \mid$ barrier.

16 citations


Dissertation
01 Jan 2001
TL;DR: In this article, the authors present a model of transferts of chaleur couples par rayonnement and conduction a travers les milieux semi-transparents.
Abstract: L'objet de ce travail est l'etude et l'analyse numerique des transferts de chaleur couples par rayonnement et conduction a travers les milieux semi-transparents. Le modele utilise est constitue d'un systeme de deux equations aux derivees partielles couplees : l'equation integro-differentielle du transfert radiatif (ETR), qui a comme inconnue la luminance, et une equation non lineaire de la chaleur regissant la temperature dans le milieu. Dans le premier chapitre de la these, nous detaillons la modelisation avec les hypotheses simplificatrices qu'elle comporte. Dans le second chapitre, nous montrons l'existence et l'unicite du systeme couple d'equations en regime stationnaire. Le troisieme chapitre est consacre a la resolution numerique des equations en regime stationnaire. Pour resoudre l'ETR, nous discretisons l'espace angulaire suivant plusieurs directions et nous utilisons une quadrature numerique pour approcher l'integrale de l'equation. Il en resulte alors un systeme differentiel lineaire du premier ordre que nous resolvons par trois methodes differentes. La deuxieme equation est resolue a l'aide d'un schema aux differences finies, associe a une transformation de Kirchhoff. Le couplage entre les deux equations est resolu par une methode de point fixe. Dans le quatrieme chapitre, nous etudions la convergence d'un schema numerique en regime stationnaire. Dans le cinquieme chapitre nous presentons une methode numerique pour resoudre le systeme couple en regime transitoire, d'une part lorsque les temperatures sont imposees aux frontieres et, d'autre part, lorsque le milieu est soumis a des conditions de flux. L'equation de la chaleur est resolue en espace par la methode des elements finis P2. Le systeme differentiel en temps est resolu par une methode de Runge-Kutta implicite, adaptee aux equations raides. Le dernier chapitre de ce travail analyse les resultats numeriques obtenus par la simulation appliquee a un materiau isolant constitue de fibres de silice.

11 citations


Dissertation
01 Jan 2001
TL;DR: In this article, des schemas deterministes appliquees a l'operateur de Landau, who decrit les collisions binaires dans un plasma, sont proposed.
Abstract: Ce travail est consacre a l'etude de quelques problemes de la physique des plasmas: le transport de particules chargees et l'etude des collisions. Dans un premier temps, plusieurs methodes euleriennes pour la discretisation de l'equation de Vlasov, modelisant le transport des particules, sont proposees. L'originalite de ces methodes est l'utilisation d'un maillage ou d'une grille de l'espace des phases pouvant aller jusqu'a six dimensions. Une demonstration rigoureuse de la convergence et des estimations d'erreurs sont d'abord presentees pour un schema simplifie. Puis des schemas d'ordre plus eleve sont proposes et appliques a la physiques des faisceaux. Leur precision permet de mettre en evidence des phenomenes tres fins comme la formation de halos. Ensuite, des schemas deterministes appliquees a l'operateur de Landau, qui decrit les collisions binaires dans un plasma, sont proposes. Des tests numeriques permettent de comparer les differentes methodes et mettent en evidence l'effet des collisions dans l'evolution du plasma. Dans la derniere partie, le probleme d'existence de solutions pour le modele de Vlasov-Darwinen dimension trois est traite. Pour cela, des methodes classiques sur les equations cinetiques et des resultats surles problemes elliptiques sont utilises. Enfin, la convergence du systeme de Vlasov-Darwin vers Vlasov-Poisson est prouvee.

8 citations


Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this paper, a derivation operator and a divergence operator are defined on the algebra of bounded operators on the symmetric Fock space over the complexification of a real Hilbert space and it is shown that they satisfy similar properties as the derivation and divergence operator on the Wiener space over.
Abstract: A derivation operator and a divergence operator are defined on the algebra of bounded operators on the symmetric Fock space over the complexification of a real Hilbert space and it is shown that they satisfy similar properties as the derivation and divergence operator on the Wiener space over . The derivation operator is then used to give sufficient conditions for the existence of smooth Wigner densities for pairs of operators satisfying the canonical commutation relations. For , the divergence operator is shown to coincide with the Hudson–Parthasarathy quantum stochastic integral for adapted integrable processes and with the noncausal quantum stochastic integrals defined by Lindsay and Belavkin for integrable processes.

7 citations


Dissertation
01 Jan 2001
TL;DR: The authors generalise the result of Freidlin et Wentzell and lie au comportement asymptotique d'un solution d'une equation differentielle stochastique, don't le coefficient de diffusion tend to zero.
Abstract: La premiere partie contient l'etude d'un phenomene de grandes deviations. Elle generalise les resultats de Freidlin et Wentzell lies au comportement asymptotique d'une solution d'une equation differentielle stochastique, dont le coefficient de diffusion tend vers zero. Elle met en valeur l'etude du cas ou l'equation differentielle ordinaire associee au probleme limite, satisfait un phenomene de Peano. Les arguments sont probabilistes (principe de grandes deviations et calcul stochastique) mais egalement analytique (solutions de viscosite d'equations de Hamilton-Jacobi). Dans la seconde partie, on etudie un systeme de processus auto stabilisant qui s'obtient comme limite, par propagation du chaos, d'un systeme de particules. Ces particules satisfont a une equation differentielle stochastique et sont regroupees en deux familles. Les particules de la meme famille s'attirent et les particules de familles differentes se repoussent. On montre alors que le systeme limite admet une unique solution qui, de plus, se stabilise quand le temps devient grand, c'est-a-dire que la loi de la solution tend vers l'unique mesure stationnaire. Enfin, la derniere partie se concentre sur l'etude d'une diffusion a memoire longue inspiree des marches aleatoires renforcees. La derive de cette diffusion particuliere depend de tout le passe et attire le processus vers l'endroit ou il a passe la majeure partie de son temps. Suivant le comportement de la fonction d'interaction au voisinage de l'origine, on montre que la diffusion converge presque surement ou, au contraire, qu'elle ne converge pas, tout en restant bornee presque surement. Les demonstrations reposent essentiellement sur des principes de comparaisons entre les diffusions.

Dissertation
01 Jan 2001
TL;DR: In this article, a methode consiste a produire des identites de type Bernstein-Sato for les invariants relatifs, and on realise ensuite geometriquement des espaces symetriques ordonnes, appeles cones satellites.
Abstract: Le principe de ce travail est l'etude de l'analyse et la geometrie d'espaces vectoriels prehomogenes, et d'espaces symetriques ordonnes a travers leur realisation dans des algebres de Jordan euclidiennes. D'abord, on s'interesse aux singularites des integrales zeta de certains espaces prehomogenes. La methode consiste a produire des identites de type Bernstein-Sato pour les invariants relatifs. On realise ensuite geometriquement des espaces symetriques ordonnes, appeles cones satellites, en termes d'algebres de Jordan. Enfin, on etudie l'analyse des cones satellites, selon un programme et une conjecture dus a G. Olafsson et A. Pasquale. En utilisant la theorie des parties radiales, on produit une famille de polynomes de Bernstein qui interviennent dans l'etude des fonctions spheriques des cones satellites et permettant de rectifier la conjecture, et de la prouver dans le cadre des espaces satellites.

01 Jan 2001
TL;DR: The hybrid genetic algorithm presented in this paper combines an original probabilistic tabu search as a mutation operator, and new crossovers that are validated in the field of radio broadcasting and compared to the best existing solutions in this domain.
Abstract: This paper presents a new hybrid genetic algorithm for the graph colouring problem. The hybrid genetic algorithm presented in this paper combines an original probabilistic tabu search as a mutation operator, and new crossovers. Results obtained by our algorithm are better than the best known results obtained by other methods : local search, genetic algorithms, hybrid algorithms. Our results are validated in the field of radio broadcasting and compared to the best existing solutions in this domain.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: This study will reformulate part of the previous results obtained for the Smoluchowski's coagulation equation for the additive, multiplicative and constant kernels for fixed time, in terms of measures, using a construction introduced by Norris.
Abstract: This study will reformulate part of our previous results ([DTOO]) obtained for the Smoluchowski's coagulation equation for the additive, multiplicative and constant kernels for fixed time, in terms of measures. In order to obtain this, we use a construction introduced by Norris ([Nor99]).

Posted Content
TL;DR: In this paper, a new class of compact Kahler manifolds, called special, is defined, which are the ones having no surjective meromorphic map to an orbifold of general type.
Abstract: A new class of compact Kahler manifolds, called special, is defined, which are the ones having no surjective meromorphic map to an orbifold of general type. The special manifolds are in many respect higher-dimensional generalisations of rational and elliptic curves. For example, we show that being rationally connected or having vanishing Kodaira dimension implies being special. Moreover, for any compact Kahler $X$ we define a fibration $c_X:X\to C(X)$, which we call its core, such that the general fibres of $c_X$ are special, and every special subvariety of $X$ containing a general point of $X$ is contained in the corresponding fibre of $c_X$. We then conjecture and prove in low dimensions and some cases that: 1) Special manifolds have an almost abelian fundamental group. 2) Special manifolds are exactly the ones having a vanishing Kobayashi pseudometric. 3) The core is a fibration of general type, which means that so is its base $C(X)$,when equipped with its orbifold structure coming from the multiple fibres of $c_X$. 4) The Kobayashi pseudometric of $X$ is obtained as the pull-back of the orbifold Kobayashi pseudo-metric on $C(X)$, which is a metric outside some proper algebraic subset. 5) If $X$ is projective,defined over some finitely generated (over $\Bbb Q$) subfield $K$ of the complex number field, the set of $K$-rational points of $X$ is mapped by the core into a proper algebraic subset of $C(X)$. These two last conjectures are the natural generalisations to arbitrary $X$ of Lang's conjectures formulated when $X$ is of general type.

Dissertation
01 Jan 2001
TL;DR: In this article, a classe de problemes issus de la dynamique des populations and modelises par des equations aux derivees partielles paraboliques stochastiques semilineaires dirigees par un processus de Wiener en dimension finie.
Abstract: Dans cette these nous etudions une classe de problemes issus de la dynamique des populations et modelises par des equations aux derivees partielles paraboliques stochastiques semilineaires dirigees par un processus de Wiener en dimension finie. Dans le premier chapitre nous evoquons le cheminement historique des idees qui ont conduit a cette etude et nous formulons des hypotheses generales de travail. Dans le deuxieme chapitre, nous presentons une construction de l'integrale stochastique au sens d'Ito d'une classe de processus a valeurs dans un espace de Hilbert. Nous y introduisons egalement une classe d'equations auxiliaires et nous prouvons l'existence et l'unicite d'une solution variationnelle pour cette classe. Dans le troisieme chapitre nous etablissons un principe de comparaison pour la classe en question, ce qui nous permet en fin de compte de prouver l'existence et l'unicite d'une solution variationnelle pour le probleme de depart. Nous montrons par ailleurs que notre methode de demonstration s'applique egalement bien a l'etablissement d'un principe de comparaison pour les equations differentielles stochastiques ordinaires et les equations aux derivees partielles deterministes, ce qui conduit a un traitement unifie de tous ces cas. Dans le quatrieme et dernier chapitre nous etudions le comportement asymptotique d'une telle solution lorsque la variable temporelle tend vers l'infini. Nous y prouvons l'existence d'un attracteur global et nous y degageons des conditions permettant la determination explicite des exposants de Lyapunov relatifs aux diverses composantes de cet attracteur. Nous interpretons egalement certains de nos resultats dans le contexte de la genetique des populations. Dans l'annexe nous demontrons une nouvelle formule d'Ito relative a une classe de processus a valeurs dans un espace de Hilbert.

Dissertation
01 Jan 2001
TL;DR: In this paper, a processus de branchement of type Galton-Watson is used to derive a non-lineaire gouvernee of a mouvement brownien, which can be used to compute the trajectories of certain fonctionnelles irregulieres of the diffusion.
Abstract: Cette these est composee de trois parties independantes. La premiere partie est une etude probabiliste des equations de coagulation de Smoluchowski. Une representation des solutions est etablie grâce a des processus de branchement de type Galton-Watson. On montre par ailleurs une correspondance entre les noyaux additif et multiplicatif. Le comportement asymptotique des solutions apres renormalisation est egalement etudie. Enfin, on construit un processus, solution d'une E. D. S. Non-lineaire gouvernee par un processus de Poisson, dont les marginales temporelles sont solutions des equations de Smoluchowski. Ce processus permet d'obtenir des approximations au moyen d'un systeme de particules. Dans la deuxieme partie, nous estimons l'erreur commise en remplacant une diffusion reguliere par son approximation obtenue avec le schema d'Euler pour calculer l'esperance de certaines fonctionnelles irregulieres de la trajectoire de cette diffusion. Nous obtenons notamment la vitesse optimale de convergence dans le cas de l'integrale d'une fonction seulement mesurable et bornee de la trajectoire. Dans la troisieme partie, nous etudions le processus de l'amplitude d'un mouvement brownien avec derive non nulle. Nous donnons une decomposition des trajectoires en utilisant les extremums successifs en remontant le temps. Les resultats sont obtenus notamment a l'aide de techniques de grossissements de filtrations.