Kaliningrad State Technical University

About: Kaliningrad State Technical University is a education organization based out in Kaliningrad, Russia. It is known for research contribution in the topics: Baltic amber & Ionosphere. The organization has 286 authors who have published 369 publications receiving 1733 citations.

Physical mechanism and mathematical modeling of earthquake ionospheric precursors registered in total electron content

Abstract: The physical mechanism by which the regions with increased or decreased total electron content, registered by measuring delays of GPS satellite signals before strong earthquakes, originate in the ionosphere has been proposed. Vertical plasma transfer in the ionospheric F2 region under the action of the zonal electric field is the main disturbance formation factor. This field should be eastward, generating the upward compo� nent of plasma electromagnetic drift, in the cases of increased total electron content at midlatitudes and deepened minimum of the F2 layer equatorial anomaly. Upward plasma drift increases electron density due to a decrease in the O + ion loss rate at midlatitudes and decreases this density above the equator due to an enhancement of the fountain effect (plasma discharge into the equatorial anomaly crests). The pattern of the spatial distribution of the seismogenic electric field potential has been proposed. The eastward electric field can exist in the epicentral region only if positive and negative electric charges are located at the western and eastern boundaries of this region, respectively. The effectiveness of the proposed mechanism was studied by modeling the ionospheric response to the action of the electric field generated by such a charge configuration. The results of the numerical computations indicated that the total electron content before strong earthquakes at middle and low latitudes is in good agreement with the observations.

The beetles (Insecta: Coleoptera) of Baltic amber: the checklist of described species and preliminary analysis of biodiversity

Abstract: This paper contains a review of beetle species (Coleoptera) described from Baltic amber. The compiled checklist contains 434 species from 149 extinct and 138 extant genera. At this moment, 90 families are registered. The best known and therefore most diverse families are: Staphylinidae (77 described spp.), Curculionidae (46 spp.), Carabidae (32 spp.), Scirtidae (21 spp.), Cleridae (17 spp.), Elateridae (16 spp.), Dermestidae (16 spp.) and Cerambycidae (15 spp.). Possibly, about 530 species of beetles can be additionally described from Baltic amber. Straipsnis skirtas Baltijos gintare rastų vabalų (Coleoptera) apžvalgai. Sąrasas apima 434 rūsis, priklausancias 149 isnykusioms ir 138 dabar aptinkamoms gentims. Is viso Baltijos gintare yra užregistruota 90 vabalų seimų. Geriausiai žinomos ir didžiausia įvairove pasižymincios yra sios vabalų seimos: Staphylinidae (77 aprasytos rūsys), Curculionidae (46), Carabidae (32), Scirtidae (21), Cleridae (17), Elateridae (16), Dermestidae (16) ir Cerambycidae (15). Tik...

Numerical simulation of the electric field and zonal current in the Earth's ionosphere: The dynamo field and equatorial electrojet

Abstract: The work is devoted to the numerical simulation of the dynamo electric field and its effects in the Earth’s ionosphere within the scope of the thermosphere-ionosphere-protonosphere global self-consistent model developed at WD IZMIRAN. The new electric field calculation block, which was used to obtain results of the self-consistent calculations of the electric field potential generated by the dynamo effect of the thermospheric winds (the dynamo field) and the equatorial electrojet for March 22, 1987, is briefly described in this work. A comparison of the obtained results with the experimental data showed a satisfactory agreement. Moreover, the proposed model was used to calculate the diurnal variations in the ionospheric parameters for Jicamarca equatorial station under the same conditions with the help of the new block of the electric field. The results of these calculations are also presented and discussed in this work. It has been indicated that the new model satisfactorily describes the specific features of electric field distribution at the geomagnetic equator and the well-known phenomenon of equatorial electrojet.

Numerical modeling of ionospheric effects in the middle‐ and low‐latitude F region during geomagnetic storm sequence of 9–14 September 2005

Abstract: [1] This study presents the Global Self-Consistent Model of the Thermosphere, Ionosphere and Protonosphere (GSM TIP) numerical simulations of the 9–14 September 2005 geomagnetic storm effects in the middle- and low-latitude ionosphere. Recent modifications to the GSM TIP model include adding an empirical model of high-energy electron precipitation and introducing a high-resolution (1 min) calculation of region 2 field-aligned currents and a cross-cap potential difference. These modifications resulted in better representation of such effects as penetration of the magnetospheric convection electric field to lower latitudes and the overshielding. The model also includes simulation of solar flare effects. Comparison of model results with observational data at Millstone Hill (42.6°N, 71.5°W, USA), Arecibo (18.3°N, 66.8°W, Puerto Rico), Jicamarca (11.9°S, 76.9°W, Peru), Palmas (10.2°S, 48.2°W, Brazil), and San Jose Campos (23.2°S, 45.9°W, Brazil) shows good agreement of ionospheric disturbances caused by this storm sequence. In this paper we consider in detail the formation mechanism of the additional layers in an equatorial ionosphere during geomagnetic storms. During geomagnetic storms, the nonuniform in height zonal electric field is generated at the geomagnetic equator. This electric field forms the additional layers in the F region of equatorial ionosphere.