Korea National Sport University

About: Korea National Sport University is a education organization based out in Seoul, South Korea. It is known for research contribution in the topics: Aerobic exercise & Athletes. The organization has 216 authors who have published 345 publications receiving 6336 citations. The organization is also known as: Korea National University of Sports & KNSU.

The absorption of orally supplied β-alanine and its effect on muscle carnosine synthesis in human vastus lateralis

Abstract: β-Alanine in blood-plasma when administered as A) histidine dipeptides (equivalent to 40 mg · kg−1 bwt of β-alanine) in chicken broth, or B) 10, C) 20 and D) 40 mg · kg−1 bwt β-alanine (CarnoSyn™, NAI, USA), peaked at 428 ± SE 66, 47 ± 13, 374 ± 68 and 833 ± 43 µM. Concentrations regained baseline at 2 h. Carnosine was not detected in plasma with A) although traces of this and anserine were found in urine. Loss of β-alanine in urine with B) to D) was <5%. Plasma taurine was increased by β-alanine ingestion but this did not result in any increased loss via urine. Pharmacodynamics were further investigated with 3 × B) per day given for 15 d. Dietary supplementation with I) 3.2 and II) 6.4 g · d−1 β-alanine (as multiple doses of 400 or 800 mg) or III) L-carnosine (isomolar to II) for 4 w resulted in significant increases in muscle carnosine estimated at 42.1, 64.2 and 65.8%.

Influence of β-alanine supplementation on skeletal muscle carnosine concentrations and high intensity cycling capacity

Abstract: Muscle carnosine synthesis is limited by the availability of β-alanine. Thirteen male subjects were supplemented with β-alanine (CarnoSyn™) for 4 wks, 8 of these for 10 wks. A biopsy of the vastus lateralis was obtained from 6 of the 8 at 0, 4 and 10 wks. Subjects undertook a cycle capacity test to determine total work done (TWD) at 110% (CCT110%) of their maximum power (Wmax). Twelve matched subjects received a placebo. Eleven of these completed the CCT110% at 0 and 4 wks, and 8, 10 wks. Muscle biopsies were obtained from 5 of the 8 and one additional subject. Muscle carnosine was significantly increased by +58.8% and +80.1% after 4 and 10 wks β-alanine supplementation. Carnosine, initially 1.71 times higher in type IIa fibres, increased equally in both type I and IIa fibres. No increase was seen in control subjects. Taurine was unchanged by 10 wks of supplementation. 4 wks β-alanine supplementation resulted in a significant increase in TWD (+13.0%); with a further +3.2% increase at 10 wks. TWD was unchanged at 4 and 10 wks in the control subjects. The increase in TWD with supplementation followed the increase in muscle carnosine.

Issues in outcomes research: an overview of randomization techniques for clinical trials.

Abstract: Objective: To review and describe randomization techniques used in clinical trials, including simple, block, stratified, and covariate adaptive techniques. Background: Clinical trials are required to establish treatment efficacy of many athletic training procedures. In the past, we have relied on evidence of questionable scientific merit to aid the determination of treatment choices. Interest in evidence-based practice is growing rapidly within the athletic training profession, placing greater emphasis on the importance of well-conducted clinical trials. One critical component of clinical trials that strengthens results is random assignment of participants to control and treatment groups. Although randomization appears to be a simple concept, issues of balancing sample sizes and controlling the influence of covariates a priori are important. Various techniques have been developed to account for these issues, including block, stratified randomization, and covariate adaptive techniques. Advantages:...

Effect of pedometer-based physical activity interventions: a meta-analysis.

Abstract: (2009). Effect of Pedometer-Based Physical Activity Interventions. Research Quarterly for Exercise and Sport: Vol. 80, No. 3, pp. 648-655.

Biomarkers of muscle and cartilage damage and inflammation during a 200 km run

Abstract: Ultra-marathon running is frequently associated with muscle fibre damage However, ultra-marathon related information is scarce The present study evaluated muscle and cartilage biomarkers, and cytokine secretion during a 200 km running event Venous blood samples from 54 trained male ultra-marathon runners (mean ± SD, 457 ± 51 years) Plasma creatine phosphokinase (CPK), lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alanine aminotransferase (ALT), lactate, glucose, high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (Hs-CRP), interleukin-6 (IL-6), TNF-∝ and serum cartilage oligomeric matrix protein (COMP) content were determined before, midway and immediately after the race CPK increased 90-fold (19-fold at 100 km) from pre-race value and LDH increased 37-fold (22-fold at 100 km) AST increased 15-fold (5-fold at 100 km) and ALT increased 39-fold (2-fold at 100 km) Blood lactate and glucose levels did not change significantly Hs-CRP increased 23-fold (3-fold at 100 km) and IL-6 increased 121-fold at 100 km, and then remained stable up to 200 km, whereas TNF-∝ did not change significantly Serum COMP increased 3-fold (13-fold at 100 km) Post-run CPK was correlated with LDH (r = 062, P < 0001), Hs-CRP (r = 045, P < 0001), ALT (r = 089, P < 0001), AST (r = 097, P < 0001), and IL-6 (r = 061, P < 0001) The present study demonstrated that blood biomarkers related to muscle and cartilage damage and inflammation were increased during a 200 km run and that this was particularly marked during the second half of the event Ultra-marathon running clearly has a major impact on muscle and cartilage structures