Showing papers by "Makerere University published in 1980"

A chain ratio-type estimator in finite population double sampling using two auxiliary variables

Abstract: In this paper we construct a chain ratio-type estimator using two auxiliary variables. The performance of the constructed estimator relative to the simple mean, ratio-type estimate based on double sampling andChand's ratio-type estimator is investigated. A numerical illustration is given.

Love Style: Comparison of African and American Attitudes

Abstract: Through increasing research on love, information is being obtained about attitudes toward love among various American populations-what is termed "Love American Style" ( 2 ) . However, a review of the literature of cross-cultural psychology suggests an absence of data on attitudes toward love in African culture, "Love African Style." The present study sought preliminary data on attitudes toward love in Africa and made crosscultural comparisons between the present data and those obtained in America. Recent reports (2, 3 ) provided validity and reliabiliry information on a new instrument, the Munro-Adarns Love Attitude Scale, and its three subscales; Romantic Idealism, Romantic Power, and Conjugal Love. Its psychometric properties made this scale the one of choice here; it was administered to 25 male and 25 female universiry students at Makerere University, Kampala, Uganda. The subjects, representing a diversity of "tribal" groups, had a mean age of 19.7 yr. and were enrolled in a variety of academic majors. Scores for the African sample ranged from 63 to 116, indicating a wide range of beliefs about love and its components. The mean was 93.34 and the SD ? 10.52, which closely approximates the reported mean for a comparable university group in America of 101.37, but no SD was reported ( 2 ) . On Romantic Idealism, our African sample obtained a mean of 33.28 (SD f 5.54) as compared to a mean of 36.45 ( S D f 9.54) for the American university group. Higher mean scores were obtained by African subjects on Romantic Power; Africans had a mean of 28.62 ( S D ? 5.72) and Americans a mean of 26.58 ( S D ? 10.53). The largest difference becween African and American samples was on Conjugal Love; Africans had a mean of 31.52 ( S D & 4.27) and Americans a mean of 38.34 ( S D & 5.72). Although slighrly lower than the Munro-Adams sample, our African group scored in the upper range of norms on attitudes toward love. These findings suggest a relatively strong endorsement of the notion of the Power of Love and of the belief in Conjugal Love, as well as a moderate endorsement of Romantic Idealism when results are compared with other norms ( 3 ) . It is remarkable that subjects from an African culture, which has been relatively free from the influence of Western notions of Romantic Love, tend to endorse so strongly so many of the attitudes essential to this phenomenon. Additional cross-cultural research on love attitudes is needed to ascertain how universal these components of Romantic Love are among other populations.

The prevalence and pathology of the cestode Polyonchobothrium clarias (Woodland, 1925) in the teleost, Clarias mossambicm (Peters)

Abstract: . The prevalence and pathology of the pseudophyllidean cestode, Polyonchobothrium clarias in the gastrointestinal tract of the teleost, Clarias mossambi-cus have been studied. The cestodes were most abundant in the gall bladder where they caused pronounced nodular outgrowths in the mucosa and exhibited a gradual decrease in number distally towards the rectum. Generally the intensity of the infection due to P. clarias was higher in young fish than in old fish.

Epidemiology of malignant degeneration of condylomata acuminata in Uganda.

Abstract: A series of 73, 28 and 172 cases of condylomata acuminata and 133, 44 and 1,237 cases of carcinoma of vulva, vagina and penis is analysed. This material was derived from a country-wide biopsy service in Uganda between the years 1964-1975. Condylomata acuminata occurred mainly in young and elderly persons and thus preceded the cases of carcinoma by decades and years in age-distribution, respectively. Geographical correlations with cancer observed in the 18 districts of the country were high for all condylomata acuminata combined and for cases occurring in young and elderly persons. 12 cases were observed in which histological features suggestive of transition to malignancy had been noted in the biopsy report, and 7 out of 10 such cases with known age were seen among the elderly. A high rate of malignant degeneration was observed in the age-group 40 years and over, namely 5 or possibly 6 cases among 36 condylomata acuminata whereas in the lower age-groups none or possibly one example was found out of 210 cases. Another feature varying with age of the patient was the time-interval between the biopsy diagnosis of condylomata acuminata and cancer. The values amounted to months and several years in the higher age-groups in contrast to 8 years observed in the one case occurring in young age. Moreover, in a review of 35 cases found in the literature duration of malignant degeneration differed between decades in young and years and months in high age except in a medium age-range of 30-45 years in which observations varied widely. These findings adduce indirect, and, in the case of the observed rate of malignant degeneration, perhaps tentative direct evidence for the long postulated association between cancer, condylomata acuminata and thus possibly an underlying viral agent. Condylomata acuminata could be precancerous lesions showing a low risk and long time-interval to malignancy in young and a high risk and short time-interval in later age.

Estimation of soil and organic matter consumption by termites of the genus Cubitermes

Abstract: Summary The rates of consumption of soil and organic matter by individual workers (the dominant caste) were estimated in the first instance. Insects were taken from the mound and were fed in the laboratory on known amounts of soil whose organic matter content had previously been determined. Consumption of soil varied between 0.72 mg and 0.911 mg/termite per day and of organic matter between 0.65 mg and 0.84 mg/termite per day. Using estimates of Cubitermes worker populations in the field, the amounts of soil and organic matter removed by these termites were estimated. They consumed between 69 and 88 mg/m2 per a and the organic matter extracted from this soil ranged from 62 to 81 mg/m2 per a. In general, the effects are thought to be deleterious, lowering the content of organic matter in the soil. Resume Les taux de consommation de sol et de matiere organique par les ouvriers individuels (la classe dominante) sont estimes en premier lieu. Les insectes ont ete preleves de la termitiere et nourris en laboratoire par des quantites connues de sol dont le contenu en matiere organique avait ete prealablement determine. La consommation varie de 0.72 mg a 0.911 mg/termite/jour, et celle de matiere organique de 0.65 mg a 0.84 mg/termite/jour. En se basant sur les estimations des populations d'ouvriers du genre Cubitermes sur le terrain, les quantites de sol et de matiere organique prelevees par ces termites sont evaluees. IIs consomment entre 69 et 88 mg/m-2 a-1 et la matiere organique extraite de ce sol varie de 62 a 81 mg/m-2 a-l. D'une maniere generale, on pense que leurs effets sont deleteres et provoquent une diminution du contenu en matiere organique du sol.

The ecological role of ants (Formicidae) in the ecosystem

Abstract: ummary The foraging activity and soil excavation of the common stink ant Paltothyreus tarsatus were studied from November 1970 to December 1971 at two sites in the vicinity of Kampala, Uganda. The ants forage singly. Evidence from food-middens and direct observations indicate that insects predominate in the diet, occurring in 81.8% of the samples. The diet composition showed no marked seasonal differences. Soil excavation (203 g/m2 per year) was striking and comparable to that of two species of mound-building termites. There was little soil excavation during either the wet or dry seasons. Maximum excavation occurred during the moderately wet months of May-August. Resume L'activite de forage et d'excavation du sol chez la fourmi puante commune (Palto-rhyreus tarsatus) fut etudiee de novembre 1970 a decembre 1971 en deux sites proches de Kampala, en Ouganda. Les fourmis forent individuellement et des observations directes montrent que les insectes predominent dans leur regime alimentaire (81, 8%). La composition de ce regime ne presente pas de differences saisonnieres marques. L'excavation du sol (203 g/m2/an) est frappante et comparable a celle de deux especes de termites batisseuses. II y a peu d'excavation du sol durant les saisons seches et humides: I'excavation maximale a lieu durant les mois moderement humides de mai a aout.

The comparative kinetics of tungstate and molybdate ions catalysed Epoxidation of Crotonaldehyde by Hydrogen Peroxide

Abstract: Die Konkurrenzkinetik der wolframat- und molybdationenkatalysierten Epoxidierung von Crotonaldehyd durch Wasserstoffperoxid Die Konkurrenzkinetik der Epoxidierung von Crotonaldehyd durch Wasserstoffperoxid in Gegenwart von Natriumwolframat oder Natriummolybdat wird untersucht. Natriumwolframat ist ein wirksamerer Katalysator bei der Umsetzung von Crotonaldehyd in 2,3-Epoxybutyraldehyd. Die Reaktion ist bezuglich Substrat und Katalysator 1. Ordnung, bezuglich Wasserstoffperoxid 0. Ordnung. Ein mit den gefundenen Abhangigkeiten ubereinstimmendes Geschwindigkeitsgesetz wird aufgestellt.