Showing papers by "Oklahoma City University published in 2019"

Frank Lehman, Hollywood Harmony: Musical Wonder and the Sound of Cinema

Abstract: Frank Lehman, Hollywood Harmony: Musical Wonder and the Sound of Cinema New York: Oxford University Press, 2018 [xvii, 292 pp. ISBN: 9780190606404 $39.95 (trade paper)]. The Oxford Music/Media Series.

Police endorsement of color-blind racial beliefs and propensity to interact with youth of color.

Abstract: The beliefs of police, as the point of first contact with the justice system, may help to explain disproportionate minority contact between police and young people. Color-blind racial beliefs, a form of implicit racism in which racial differences are denied, are more strongly endorsed by police than by laypeople. Using a 2 (youth race) × 3 (offense severity) experimental design, 339 officers participated in an online study examining the influence of youth race, offense severity, and officers' color-blind racial beliefs on officers' reported likelihood of interacting with young people. Officers with lower levels of color-blind beliefs reported they would be less likely to interact with Black youth. Additionally, attrition analyses indicated that officers assigned to the Black youth condition were more likely to drop out when asked to complete the measure of color-blind beliefs. Policy and practice implications are discussed, with a focus on promoting greater discussion of color-blind ideologies in multicultural trainings for police officers and increasing frank discussions about race and racial issues.

Divided by a common language: Musical Theater and popular music studies

Abstract: Jake Johnson It was either George Bernard Shaw or Oscar Wilde who first said that America and England were divided by a common language. To challenge the inevitability of a similarly entrenched incompatibility within music studies, we organized a symposium to consider one of scholarship's

Building the Broadway Voice

Abstract: This chapter investigates how differing pressures on the Broadway musical theater industry can contribute to certain vocal stylistic choices. The author considers the ways in which collegiate and professional training programs have responded to these needs through their musical theater curricula. The chapter brings into relief how vocal training in such programs ensures a sonic conformity, which presumably improves the marketability of the performer in an industry demanding predictable sounds. Specifically, it considers the pedagogical philosophies prevalent in Midwestern musical theater training programs where the author has worked as a vocal coach and where many Broadway performers cut their teeth. The chapter takes no position for or against the vocal ideas taught in these or other musical theater training programs, but makes some observations for the unique demands attached to such training and what demands those pressures make on singers today. Furthermore, the chapter suggests that the growth of the Broadway musical as a tourist attraction, the rise of the megamusical, and the formation of this Broadway sound are all interrelated phenomena enabled by a new corporatizing ideology in musical theater that has disciplined the body of the Broadway performer for decades and continues to shape the industry’s sound today.

Dependable Industrial Crypto Computing

Abstract: This paper presents a work on how to assure the dependability of a crypto system built across on and off the blockchain by using the proposed adaptive checkpoint and rollback algorithm, and a prototype is developed for demonstration purpose.The theoretical background of the proposed checkpoint and rollback algorithm is studied to characterize the variables affecting the dependability such as security, authenticity and reliability with respect to the rates of hit by any events of those issues, the rates to detect and diagnose, and then the rate to vote for a consensus whether to trigger a rollback or not. Based on the variables characterization in a stochastic manner, then steady state probabilities and state transition probabilities are derived in order to assure the ultimate effective dependability of each individual dependability variable (i.e., security, authenticity and reliability), then finally to assure the dependability in a compound manner with each variable assigned a weight depending on the nature of the systems specifications.Based on the theoretical study, a protype of a crypto system is built to demonstrated the underlying architecture and operations and to justify the need for such system to take synergistic advantages from both on- and off-chain blockchains, with an experimental result of a benefit in gas fee which is the most exigently addressed issue today in blockchain systems especially in Ethereum network of blockchains. An astonishing gas fee saving results are demonstrated. It is observed that the crypto system benefits more if more computationally intensive transactions are executed off-chain while vice versa.

Does Corporate Access Facilitate Informed Trading? Evidence from Trading in Advance of Internal Control Disclosures

Abstract: We examine institutional investors’ trading activity during the period preceding firms’ annual disclosures regarding the effectiveness of internal controls over financial reporting (ICFR) required under Section 404(b) of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act (SOX). We find consistent evidence suggesting that some institutional investors (i.e., transient institutions with large overweighted positions) possess pre-announcement private information regarding forthcoming disclosures of material weakness in ICFR. In subsequent tests, we find that informed traders’ pre-announcement private information varies with the suspected level of corporate access (i.e., access to firm managers via investor conferences) provided to investors by our sample firms. Collectively, our evidence suggests that corporate access plays a major role in institutional investors’ development of pre-announcement private information in the post-Reg FD period.

Moore's Law and Space Exploration: New Insights and Next Steps

Abstract: Understanding how technology changes over time is important for industry, science, and government policy. Empirical examination of the capability of technologies across various domains reveals that they often progress at an exponential rate. In addition, mathematical models of technological development have proven successful in deepening our understanding. One area that has not been shown to demonstrate exponential trends, until recently, has been space travel. This paper will present plots illustrating trends in the mean lifespan of satellites whose lifespans ended in a given year. Our study identifies both Wright’s law and Moore’s law regressions. For the Moore’s law regression, we found a doubling time of approximately 15 years. For Wright’s law we can see an approximate doubling of lifespan with every doubling of accumulated launches. We conclude by presenting a conundrum generated by the use of Moore’s law that is the subject of ongoing research.

Private Universities and NCAA D-III Athletics as a General Recruiting Tool

Abstract: Most economic research on university athletics programs examines National Collegiate Athletic Association Division I universities with some consideration of universities in Division II. Division III universities are very different than Division I, consequently that which holds for athletics might be different. In this paper the relationship between athletics and the number of applications received per existing student is examined using a balanced panel of private Division-III universities from 2003 to 2014. Controlling for numerous common recruiting variables, the results indicate that a larger share of athletes on campus is positively associated with more applications per existing full time equivalent undergraduate students. The presence of football, a large, almost exclusively male set of athletes, is neutral in its relationship with total applications, though positive for male and negative for female applicants. Among Division-III universities with football programs, winning football programs have a neutral effecton applications.

Athleticism in NCAA D-III: It Ain’t Only Football That Matters:

Abstract: Most D-III universities field a football team, yet little is known about how a football program can influence the quality of the student body or rate at which students graduate. To evaluate these a...

Understanding others' knowledge certainty from inference and information-seeking behaviors in children.

Abstract: The current study investigated whether children understand the conditions under which another agent would hold uncertain knowledge resulting from inferential processes and, more importantly, whether children can make causal inferences about the relationship between the certainty of an agent's epistemic states and consequent behavioral strategies. We developed a game in which 3 blocks (2 of identical color) were hidden in 3 boxes. After the content of the 1st box was revealed, the player was asked to choose between 2 strategies: either make an immediate guess or look in the 2nd box before guessing the color of the block in the 3rd box. We varied the hiding sequence of the 3 blocks to create 2 conditions with differing degrees of certainty. Children aged 5 to 7 watched another agent playing the game and reasoned about the individual's epistemic states and behaviors. Not until 6 years of age did children display stable competence in using the certainty of another agent's knowledge to predict the agent's subsequent behaviors. Moreover, the ability to reason from information-seeking behaviors to uncertain epistemic states lagged until 7 years old. Our findings suggest that reasoning between epistemic states and information-seeking behavior undergoes significant developmental changes between ages 5 and 7. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2019 APA, all rights reserved).

A letter on a hand: Rotating together or separately?:

Abstract: The motor system plays a role in some object mental rotation tasks, and researchers have reported that people may use a strategy of motor simulation to mentally rotate objects. In this study, we used images of a hand with a letter printed on the palm to directly determine whether a hand image can be automatically rotated during the deliberate mental rotation of an object and whether the hand and object are rotated in the same trajectory. A total of 41 participants were shown the stimuli and asked to decide whether the letters, which were upright or tilted at specific degrees, were normal or mirrored. The hand images in the background showed either a left or a right hand in the palm view, with fingers pointing upwards, medial, downwards, or lateral. Reaction times and error rates were measured to determine the speed and accuracy of mental rotation. A complex interaction between the hand posture and letter orientation revealed that the hand image was mentally rotated automatically, together with the deliberate mental rotation of the letter. The biomechanical constraints of the hand also influenced reaction times, suggesting the involvement of the motor system in the concomitant mental rotation of the hand image. Consistent with the motor simulation theory, the participants seemed to imagine the hand carrying the object in its movement. These behavioural data support the motor simulation theory and elucidate specific processes of mental rotation that have not been addressed by neuroimaging studies.

Narrative and Cognitive Science; Literature and Medicine

Abstract: This chapter surveys recent scientific studies of Theory of Mind, empathy, and vicarious experience in cognitive psychology and presents 13 “features” of literary analysis useful to instructors and students in the health science and to healthcare providers. It focuses on Grace Paley’s story “A Conversation with My Father” and Abraham Verghese’s description of his first meeting with patients in his book My Own Country. The goals of this chapter are to survey work in cognitive psychology that demonstrates the usefulness of literature to training in healthcare providers and to set forth features of literature that will focus the attention of careful readers.

Literature and Professionalism in Medicine

Abstract: This chapter presents the usefulness of literature to the development of professionalism in healthcare. More specifically, it presents narratives of three physicians and the ethical and professional issues with which they engage: an analysis of the experience of Dr. Michael LaCombe, a short story by Richard Selzer focused on surgeon, and a poem in which Dr. Audrey Shafer balances her family life and her professional career. This chapter is closely related to Appendix 5, which describes the usefulness of literature in relation to the way in which the Accreditation Council of Graduate Medical Education incorporates professionalism as one of the six “core competencies” that are required to be assessed by graduate medical education training programs for all trainees.

Student Athlete Activism in a Millennial World: Recognizing Their Voice and Expressing Their Concerns

Abstract: College student athletes are among the most recognized students in their communities, across the country, and in some cases around the world. Their voices hold a significant esteem, and they can impact many societal and political issues. Some have postulated that college student-athletes are hesitant to be a part of these politics, but during the past few years, many have taken stands through social media and through protests on their campuses that have been in opposition to the stances of their coaches, their university's administration, and their teammates. Many, however, challenge the role that student athletes have in these protests. This chapter will explore the history of student athlete activism and its developmental aspects, highlight the more recent instances of such activism, and finally discuss how university administration and others can support and be responsive to the concerns that are expressed by this unique set of students.

Death and Dying

Abstract: This chapter focuses upon the end-of-life, which is a significant, if rarely closely examined, part of healthcare. It offers two vignettes of patients and their families facing the end-of-life: one which describes a dying person and her family accepting the ways in which death and dying are part of a well-lived life, and another which describes the “frenzy” of a dying person’s family, which has not considered the place of dying in ongoing life. It also offers Leo Tolstoy’s classic account of The Death of Ivan Ilych and John Donne’s religious contemplation of death and dying, “Death Be Not Proud.”

Everyday Ethics of Medical Practices

Abstract: This chapter focuses on ethics in the patient-provider interactions, specifically outlining “virtue ethics”—the display of personal virtuous behavior—in those interactions. Such virtues are “everyday” ethics, different from normative ethics as it is applied in medical institutions and utilitarian ethics as it is applied in epidemiology. The vignette describes a resident interacting with a “difficult” patient, while the literary text, Dr. Anton Chekhov’s “Enemies,” narrates a physician’s dilemma of treating a patient soon after his son died of diphtheria. The chapter also presents William Blake’s poem “A Poison Tree.” All the texts focus on “everyday” ethics, which distinguishes itself from cost-benefit utilitarian ethics and principle-based “normative” ethics. Such everyday ethics is closely associated with narrative.

Listening to Patients

Abstract: This chapter examines “the unsaid” that readers and healthcare providers regularly encounter. It provides training in attention to the implicit meanings. It does so by presenting a vignette of a physician’s follow-up interview of patient presenting vague symptoms, in which he discovers what his patient leaves out of the interview. It also presents a similar short story by James Joyce, “Araby,” where it is left to the reader to discover what is unsaid by the protagonist. Finally, it presents Dr. William Carlos Williams’s poem “The Red Wheelbarrow,” which enjoins its readers to discover what is important about the poem. This chapter is related to Appendix 6, which examines strategies of teaching Ernest Hemingway’s story, “Indian Camp,” to medical students.

Efectos de los cambios de marcas o nombres: estudio empírico sobre el sector de seguros en venezuela

Abstract: El desempeno de las organizaciones despues que se han efectuado cambios de denominacion o marca corporativa, ha sido documentado en la literatura del marketing y de la estrategia. Esta investigacion estudia la magnitud o efecto de los cambios de marcas en relacion con las ventas en un mismo sector durante el mismo periodo de tiempo. Usando datos de panel y midiendo el tamano del efecto, se analizaron un grupo de empresas del sector asegurador venezolano que cambiaron de nombre durante un mismo periodo (2008-2009). Se pudo concluir que hay efectos medianos en las ventas por cambio de marca. Esto contradice estudios previos que indican que tal situacion no tiene efectos financieros en las organizaciones.

Sexual and Domestic Abuse

Abstract: This chapter offers an example of the vicarious experience of people who are subject to sexual abuse and literary representations of violence more generally. Many such patients do not readily disclose the abusive nature of the physical ailments they present to healthcare workers, and the engagement with such experience in literary narratives, as Dr. Vannatta narrates in the vignette to this chapter, allows providers to more fully understand and engage with their patients. In addition to Dr. Vannatta’s vignette of encountering a long-time patient who presents, but does not describe, symptoms of physical violence, the chapter offers Edgar Allan Poe’s harrowing story “Berenice” and W. B. Yeats’s meditation on violence in “Leda and the Swan.”

Mistakes in Medicine

Abstract: This chapter focuses upon mistakes as they occur in medicine. Mistakes are often not systematically discussed as part of medical education, and in his vignette Dr. Vannatta describes the powerful systematic account of medical mistakes set forth by Dr. David Hilfiker in his book Healing the Wounds. The chapter goes on to present the social pressures that lead to mistakes in a chapter from Gustav Flaubert’s Madame Bovary and a terrible account of brain surgery in Dr. Dannie Abse’s poem “In the Theatre.” Mistakes, more than many other aspects of biomedicine, call for narrative accounting, and the everyday and literary narratives of this chapter allow people to comprehend mistakes in medicine in systematic ways.

The Narrative Structure of Diagnosis

Abstract: This chapter examines the structure of diagnosis and the structure of literary narrative in detective stories; it focuses on the logic of “abduction” or “inference to the best explanation” as described by philosophers. Although diagnosis is an important part of healthcare training, its most usual training method is through apprenticeship. This chapter outlines a systematic method of diagnosis and traces it through an analysis of a Sherlock Holmes story, “The Resident Patient.” Dr. Arthur Conan Doyle modeled his character Sherlock Holmes on one of his teachers in medical school. The chapter begins with a vignette of a Resident, who, failing to diagnosis his patient, learns from his experienced Attending Physician, who reasons much like Holmes.