Showing papers by "Oregon Health & Science University published in 1976"
Journal Article•
TL;DR: The sequence of proximal tubular damage and repair after gentamicin sulfate administration was studied by light and electron microscopy in Fischer 344 rats and morphologically immature regenerating cells are apparently metabolically immature and appear not to be susceptible to toxic effects of the drug.
Abstract: The sequence of proximal tubular damage and repair after gentamicin sulfate administration was studied by light and electron microscopy in Fischer 344 rats. The drug was administered at a dose of 40 mg/kg for up to 14 days. Although epithelial destruction was progressive with time, the extent and degree of tubular damage varied among animals at each interval. Tubule regeneration began to occur by the tenth day despite continued drug administration. Regenerating cells appeared to originate from residual epithelial cells in areas of tubular damage. The morphologically immature regenerating cells are apparently metabolically immature as well and appear not to be susceptible to toxic effects of the drug. Tubules were repopulated by 3 days following cessation of gentamicin administration. Except for foci of tubular atrophy and interstitial fibrosis, cortical tissues were comparable to controls ultrastructurally at the end of 31 days.
230 citations
TL;DR: Serum IgE levels were elevated in each patient, but did not correlate with the degree of cutaneous anergy or altered leukocyte function, and Chemotactic studies during clinical remissions disclosed notable improvement in cell migration.
Abstract: † Various reports have indicated assorted immune defects in atopic dermatitis, but the prevalence and degree of the defects remain unclear. We assessed various immunological factors in 14 patients with atopic dermatitis to determine whether immunodeficiencies were present consistently and were reflected by the patients' clinical characteristics. A high incidence of cutaneous infection was noted. Cutaneous delayed-hypersensitivity testing showed anergy in eight (67%) patients. Only the seven patients with the most severe condition showed altered leukocyte function, as determined by polymorphonuclear and mononuclear leukocyte chemotaxis and by lymphocyte responsiveness to phytohemaglutinin. All three cell types were shown to be simultaneously dysfunctional during severe atopic flares. Chemotactic studies during clinical remissions disclosed notable improvement in cell migration. Serum IgE levels were elevated in each patient, but did not correlate with the degree of cutaneous anergy or altered leukocyte function. ( Arch Dermatol 112:1391-1396, 1976)
131 citations
Journal Article•
TL;DR: The clinical and laboratory features of the stages in the evolution of acute nonlymphocytic leukemia are reviewed and the "preleukemic syndrome" has been shown to display a clinical picture sufficiently specific to permit its recognition prospectively.
Abstract: The clinical and laboratory features of the stages in the evolution of acute nonlymphocytic leukemia are reviewed. Based on a retrospective analysis of 34 patients who died with an acute myelomonoblastic leukemia, the \"preleukemic syndrome\" has been shown to display a clinical picture sufficiently specific to permit its recognition prospectively (i.e., before the development of overt leukemia). The results to date of a variety of prospective studies are reviewed, and the approach(es) to the management of these cases is considered.
129 citations
TL;DR: A significant (P less than 0.05) improvement in closing volume as a percentage of vital capacity and closing capacity as a Percentage of total lung capacity at 6 and 12 months and in the slope of the alveolar plateau at 1, 6, and 12 years in those who stopped smoking are found.
Abstract: The purpose of this study was to obtain more information about the effect on lung function of stopping smoking or of modifying the smoking habit and to determine the time course of change. We followed a group of 75 cigarette smokers who attended a smoking cessation clinic in May 1973, using a respiratory symptom questionnaire, spirometry, closing volumes, and the slope of the alveolar plateau of the single-breath nitrogen test. Subjects were tested before stopping smoking and at 1, 3, 6, and 12 months after the initial testing. We found a significant (P less than 0.05) improvement in closing volume as a percentage of vital capacity and closing capacity as a percentage of total lung capacity at 6 and 12 months and in the slope of the alveolar plateau at 1, 6, and 12 months in those who stopped smoking. There was also a dramatic decrease in respiratory symptoms in those who stopped smoking, a moderate decrease in those who reduced their consumption by at least 25 per cent, and very little change in those who did not appreciably modify their smoking consumption.
124 citations
TL;DR: A "blind" review of 40 "look-alike" ERCP examinations was conducted to determine if pancreatic carcinoma could be diagnosed by E RCP findings alone, and if there were specific findings which occurred only in carcinoma.
Abstract: A “blind” review of 40 “look-alike” ERCP examinations was conducted to determine if pancreatic carcinoma could be diagnosed by ERCP findings alone, and if there were specific findings which occurred only in carcinoma. All 11 cases of carcinoma involving the pancreas were diagnosed correctly, with no false positives or negatives. Irregular (nodular or rat-tailed) pancreatic duct encasement or obstruction occurred exclusively in carcinoma. When the adjacent common bile duct was similarly involved (Double Duct Sign), the diagnostic certainty increased. The results suggest that ERCP is an accurate and reliable method for diagnosing pancreatic carcinoma.
82 citations
TL;DR: Systemic as well as local hypothermia for myocardial preservation are both necessary and direct suture closure of all layers at the site of dissection over Teflon felt can terminate this process.
73 citations
Patent•
31 Aug 1976TL;DR: In this paper, a prosthetic joint for the replacement of the ankle joint comprising a tibial member and a talar member each having three distinct complementary bearing surfaces which allow plantar and dorsal flexion and some rotation approximating the movement of the natural ankle joint.
Abstract: A prosthetic joint for the replacement of the ankle joint comprising a tibial member and a talar member each having three distinct complementary bearing surfaces which allow plantar and dorsal flexion and some rotation approximating the movement of the natural ankle joint. The talar member has three adjacent bearing surfaces which are each longitudinally and laterally convexly shaped and the tibial member is provided with three substantially complementary longitudinally and laterally concavely shaped bearing surfaces that provide medial-lateral support while allowing about 5° rotation between the members.
73 citations
TL;DR: Comparison of sequential large film coronary angiograms was performed for 58 patients with coronary artery disease, and no coronary surgery, to determine the relationship between the location, type, and degree of stenoses and their tendency to progress.
Abstract: Comparison of sequential large film coronary angiograms was performed for 58 patients with coronary artery disease, and no coronary surgery, to determine the relationship between the location, type, and degree of stenoses and their tendency to progress. Of 230 stenoses, 76 (33%) showed progression and 154 (67%) remained stable on the follow-up studies. Progression occurred in 38 (66%) patients. A statistically significant higher tendency to progress was found with tubular stenosis with ulcerating plaques (100%) and stenoses with collateral circulation (58%). A significant linear trend for progression was also found with the increasing number of risk factors of coronary disease. The above-average progression tendency of stenoses of the right coronary artery, tubular irregular stenoses, and Grade 2 stenoses, was not statistically significant.
68 citations
Journal Article•
TL;DR: All patients with Raynaud's syndrome should be regarded as at high risk for having an associated autoimmune disease, and combined organic arterial obstruction and vasospasm of the palmar and digital arteries in all patients.
61 citations
Journal Article•
TL;DR: The anti-hapten response was additive or synergistic in double challenged cultures compared to the response in cultures challenged with either immunogen alone, consistent with the proposed B1B2 classification of B cell subpopulations.
Abstract: BALB/c spleen cell cultures were double-challenged with optimal doses of TNP-T-independent and TNP-T-dependent immunogens. The anti-hapten response was additive or synergistic in double challenged cultures compared to the response in cultures challenged with either immunogen alone. A high, suppressive dose of either immunogen did not prevent the response to an optimal dose of the second immunogen in the same culture. Spleen cell cultures were also double challenged with combinations of two T-dependent or two T-independent immunogens. Addition or synergy in the anti-hapten response only occurred when the double challenge consisted of a mixture of T-dependent and T-independent immunogens. These results are consistent with the proposed B 1 B 2 classification of B cell subpopulations.
50 citations
TL;DR: Streptokinase was highly effective and preferable to heparin in patients with deep vein thrombosis when therapy was begun within 4 days of onset of symptoms, and in later stages of acute or recurrent deep veinThrombotic disease in the extremity, the effectiveness of both drugs was significantly reduced.
Abstract: Sequential ascending venographic studies were used to assess the healing of deep venous thrombosis in 50 patients randomly assigned to streptokinase or heparin therapy. Various degrees of thrombolysis and/or recanalization were demonstrated by venograms performed on the fourth and tenth days of treatment. Late follow-up studies (mean, 7 months after treatment) showed three basic patterns of resolution: (1) return to normal, (2) complete recanalization, and (3) incomplete recanalization and/or collateralization. Loss of valves or their function was associated with recanalization. The character, speed, and outcome of healing reflected the nature and extent of thrombosis, prior thrombotic disease in the extremity, and the type and timing of treatment. Streptokinase was highly effective and preferable to heparin in patients with deep vein thrombosis when therapy was begun within 4 days of onset of symptoms. In later stages of acute or recurrent deep vein thrombosis, the effectiveness of both drugs was significantly reduced.
TL;DR: The results suggest that Friend virus production is not coinduced with erythroid differentiation, as had been proposed, but rather is controlled by a cellular growth cycle.
Abstract: The factors that control oncornavirus formation were analyzed in Friend leukemia cells that undergo hematopoiesis when treated with dimethyl sulfoxide. Suspension cultures of Ostertag FSD-1 cell line were found to enter a G or resting state at the end of their proliferative phase and to simultaneously cease producing helper and dependent components of Friend virus. Whereas the decline in virus production is at least 100-fold, rates of cellular RNA and protein synthesis are only slightly lower in resting than in growing cells. Both resting and growing cells contain similarly large concentrations of the viral proteins P(30) and P(12). Dimethyl sulfoxide induces hemoglobin synthesis in growing cells, but its effects on virus production appear to be indirect results of its action to inhibit cell growth and thus to delay entry of cells into the G resting state. Furthermore, variant cell lines were obtained with differing abilities to synthesize virus or hemoglobin. Some lines no longer produce infectious virus, although they all harbor murine leukemia virus genes which are expressed to varying extents. The major internal protein of these oncornaviruses, P(30), is synthesized in large amounts by all of the cell lines. These results suggest that Friend virus production is not coinduced with erythroid differentiation, as had been proposed, but rather is controlled by a cellular growth cycle.
Journal Article•
TL;DR: The present data lead to the conclusion that discrimination of molecular size is a function of the fetal capillary endothelium alone and not the total diffusional resistance in the rabbit placenta.
Abstract: Ferritin was injected into the fetal or the maternal circulation of 27-29-day-pregnant rabbits. After the occurrence of a quasi-steady state, the placentas were prepared for electron microscopy. Ferritin particles were counted in the electron micrographs in the fetal capillaries, in the maternal blood spaces, and in the two interstitial compartments of the three-layered placenta. Under the circumstances of the experiments (excessively elevated plasma ferritin concentrations), no evidence was found for nondiffusional transport of radiolabeled ferritin. Comparison of the standing concentration gradients in the placentas, recorded after maternal and after fetal injection, showed that the interstitial spaces "excluded" ferritin; the plasma-interstitial space ferritin partition coefficients were 10 in the basement membrane space and 3 in the space between the cyto- and syncytiotrophoblasts. 55% of the total concentration gradient across the rabbit placenta occurred across the fetal endothelium, about 45% across the cytotrophoblast, and less than 5% across the syncytiotrophoblast. These figures are believed to reflect the relative contributions of these three layers to the total diffusional resistance in the rabbit placenta. When compared to previous data on the relative contributions of these three layers for small ions and molecules, the present data lead to the conclusion that discrimination of molecular size is a function of the fetal capillary endothelium alone.
TL;DR: A patient with severe nephrotic syndrome who was too debilitated to undergo surgical nephrectomies, underwent therapeutic bilateral renal artery occlusion by the selective injection of isobutyl 2-cyanoacrylate into the renal arteries which resulted in dramatic cessation of urine flow and elimination of proteinuria.
Abstract: Excessive renal protein losses in patients with the nephrotic syndrome may lead to malnutrition, debility, and, ultimately, to death. We describe a patient with severe nephrotic syndrome complicated by multiple thrombotic and infectious morbid events. The patient's poor general condition precluded safe surgical removal of the kidneys. In order to terminate protein loss, bilateral "medical nephrectomy" was done by occluding the renal arteries with selective injections of isobutyl 2-cyanoacrylate. PATIENT SUMMARY A 35-year-old woman developed proteinuria, hypertension, and edema in May 1968. Daily urinary protein losses ranged from 12 to 14 gm. A renal biopsy specimen showed idiopathic membranous glomerulonephritis. The creatinine clearance was 30 ml/min. Platelet counts were consistently 600,000 to 1,000,000/cu cm and her serum cholesterol value was 600 mg/100 ml. She was treated with prednisone and azathioprine for two years without improvement in her proteinuria, thrombocytosis, or hypercholesterolemia. In November 1968, she suffered a spontaneous thrombosis of
TL;DR: Suggested means for decreasing the hazards of the transaxillary catheterization include: exclusion of high risk patients, use of a proper puncture site, careful catheter manipulation, the fewest possible catheter exchanges, correct manual hemostatis following catheter withdrawal, and close observation of the patient after the procedure.
Abstract: This report enumerates and analyzes the complications of percutaneous transaxillary catheterization encountered in 200 consecutive patients undergoing diagnostic arteriography, and 20 consecutive patients who had catheter placement for selective chemotherapy. Diagnostic arteriography led to minor complications in eleven percent and major complications in two percent. Risk correlated with the type of procedure, number of catheter exchanges and particularly, the presence of arteriographic risk factors, such as hypertension, bleeding tendencies, and advanced atherosclerosis. Therapeutic catheter placements had a 15 percent incidence of minor and a 20 percent incidence of major complications. Here, also, complications were more likely in the presence of the arteriographic risk factors. Suggested means for decreasing the hazards of the transaxillary catheterization include: exclusion of high risk patients, use of a proper puncture site, careful catheter manipulation, the fewest possible catheter exchanges, cor...
TL;DR: An infant with an aortico-left ventricular tunnel underwent surgery at the age of five months and postoperative cardiac catheterization demonstrated obliteration of the aortic end of the tunnel, normalization of systemic pulse pressure, mild residual aortIC valvular insufficiency, and a decrease in the left ventricular end-diastolic volume index.
TL;DR: Five patients with frostbite injury were studied by selective angiography and treated by selective intra-arterial application of reserpine, which produced dramatic subsiding of vasospasm, as evidenced by angiographic and relief of clinical symptoms.
Abstract: Five patients with frostbite injury were studied by selective angiography and treated by selective intra-arterial application of reserpine with follow-up angiography two days later. Control angiograms showed various degrees of vascular spasm as well as organic stenosis and occlusion. Intra-arterial reserpine produced dramatic subsiding of vasospasm, as evidenced by angiography and relief of clinical symptoms. Complete healing without tissue loss occurred in 4 patients. Amputation was necessary in one case, due at least in part to pre-existing peripheral atherosclerotic disease. Selective angiography was found to contribute significantly to both the diagnosis and therapy of frostbite injury.
TL;DR: It was concluded that surrounding pressures in the fetal placental circulation could not be demonstrated and no evidence of a surrounding pressure could be found with increases in venous pressures of 2-40 mmHg.
Abstract: An electromagnetic flow sensor was placed on the distal fetal aorta (umbilical flow fraction 78.1 +/- 1.6 SEM, %), an inflatable occluder was tied around the umbilical cord, and catheters were placed in distal branches of an umbilical artery and vein, a uterine vein, and in the amniotic cavity. An inflatalbe occluder was tied around the vagina of some of the ewes. Control values 3 days after surgery were (mean +/- SE): fetal femoral artery pH, 7.37 +/- 0.01; umbilical blood flow, 186 +/- 14 ml-min-1 .kg fetus-1; fetal arterial blood pressure, 39 +/- 3 mmHg; and umbilical venous pressure, 7.4 +/- 1.0 mmHg (above intrauterine pressure). Fetal weight at autopsy was 3.1 +/- 0.3 kg, n = 11. Small increases in umbilical vein pressure caused immediate decreases in placental blood flow without decreases in fetal arterial blood pressure. The relation between venous pressure and umbilical blood flow at constant arterial pressure was that of an inert system, i.e., no evidence of a surrounding pressure (Starling resistor effect or waterfall phenomenon) could be found with increases in venous pressures of 2-40 mmHg. The results were not affected by increases in uterine vein pressure between 2 and 30 mmHg, nor by anesthesia and supine position of the ewe, nor by ganglionic blockade of the fetal ANS. It was concluded that surrounding pressures in the fetal placental circulation could not be demonstrated.
Journal Article•
TL;DR: The method of treatment used in the group of patients reported here satisfies all the objectives of surgical therapy and justifies further consideration of this technique in dealing with this catastrophic illness.
Abstract: The salvage of patients with late esophageal perforations is a formidable surgical undertaking. The basic objectives of surgical therapy should be: prompt debridement and control of sepsis by establishing an adequate, controlled route of decompression drainage, salvage of all viable and functional esophagus (except in massive disruptions with circumferential loss), adequate support of life control systems, and establishment of an appropriate alternate route for supportive alimentation. The method of treatment used in the group of patients reported here satisfies all these objectives. Our experience justifies further consideration of this technique in dealing with this catastrophic illness.
TL;DR: Success in extending pulse generator longevity can be measured by actuarial techniques, which show this model pacemaker to have a median battery depletion time of 38 months and a median replacement time of 35 months.
Abstract: In a rate-stable pacemaker, pacemaker rate reflects battery voltage level and should remain constant or be slightly depleted with time in a linear fashion until failure occurs. Linear regression techniques are therefore particularly suited to the analysis of pacemaker rate data. Data on model 8114/8114A Starr-Edwards pacemakers followed at the University of Oregon Health Sciences Center were studied. For a given pacemaker both the slope of the regression line and the standard deviation about the regression line are proportional to the original rate. Natural indices of rate depletion and rate stability for each pacemaker can therefore be calculated by dividing the slope and the standard deviation, respectively, by the inpercept of the corresponding regression line. This model pacemaker has a small average standard deviation so that significant variations from the line of regression, indicating impending pulse generator failure, can be detected in spite of random fluctuations. Emergency and prophylactic replacements can therefore be kept to a minimum so that pulse generator lifetime is maximized. Success in extending pulse generator longevity can be measured by actuarial techniques, which show this pacemaker to have a median battery depletion time of 38 months and a median replacement time of 35 months.
TL;DR: Infusion hepatic angiography is a useful complementary technique in anatomical liver diagnosis, especially in its ability to improve upon the diagnostic accuracy of the capillary phase of hepaticAngiography.
Abstract: The diagnostic effectiveness of infusion hepatic angiography was evaluated in 72 patients with various liver diseases, who also had conventional hepatic angiography. In a comparison of the two techniques, the infusion study was found diagnostically essential in 4 patients (6%), and afforded improved diagnosis in 52 others (72%). In 13 patients (18%), it gave equivalent information; and in 3 patients (4%), less information than the conventional technique. Infusion hepatic angiography is a useful complementary technique in anatomical liver diagnosis, especially in its ability to improve upon the diagnostic accuracy of the capillary phase of hepatic angiography.
TL;DR: Two patients had catheter-induced spasm of the left main coronary artery during diagnostic coronary arteriography, particularly on a patient with isolated leftmain coronary artery disease.
Abstract: Left main coronary artery disease i has recently received considerable emphasis with regard to diagnosis, prognosis, and treatment. 1-7 Coronary artery spasm commonly occurs in the right coronary artery system 8-20 and more recently has also been described in the left anterior descending and circumflex coronary arteries. 21-25 Spasm of the left main coronary artery has not, to our knowledge, been documented previously. We describe two patients who had spasm of the left main coronary artery during diagnostic coronary arteriography. Spasm of the left main coronary artery must be considered in the differential diagnosis of left main coronary artery lesions. PATIENT SUMMARIES Patient 1.— Ten days prior to hospital admission, a 57-year-old woman had a near syncopal episode associated with precordial chest pain that was typical of ischemic cardiac pain. She had known of a heart murmur since age 20. There were no other symptoms. She had a blood pressure
TL;DR: It is suggested that some of the anti-fragment A activity in antitoxin affects the enzyme active site, whereas that in antitoxoid does not, implying the existence of a least two independent antigenic regions on fragment A.
Abstract: We used the mouse to produce antisera to native diphtheria toxin and diphtheria toxoid. With these antisera it was possible to distinguish between toxin and toxoid. By gel diffusion analysis, antitoxin detected antigenic determinants on toxin which were not available on toxoid, indicating that some determinants had been lost or altered by formalin treatment. Antitoxoid, on the other hand, showed reactions of identity between toxin and toxoid in gel diffusion. The toxin neutralization titers measured in tissue culture were the same for both antisera. Only antitoxin neutralized the adenosine 5'-diphosphate ribosyl-transferase activity of fragment A, but suprisingly both antisera had significant anti-fragment A titers when tested by passive hemagglutination. It is suggested that some of the anti-fragment A activity in antitoxin affects the enzyme active site, whereas that in antitoxoid does not, implying the existence of a least two independent antigenic regions on fragment A.
TL;DR: This is the first reported case of a presumedpituitary tumor infarction in association with alpha-particle pituitary radiation.
Abstract: A 17-year-old women received 12,000 rads of alpha-particle radiation for the treatment of Cushing's disease. One day after the completion of therapy, the patient developed nausea, vomiting, headache, and postural hypotension. Laboratory evaluation demonstrated a marked fall of the previously elevated urinary 17-hydroxycorticosteroids (17-OHCS) and undetectable plasma cortisols. The urinary 17-OHCS transiently returned to supranormal levels but over a 2½-week period decreased and then remained low. The patient also demonstrated a subnormal urinary aldosterone excretion in relation to plasma renin activity (PRA) during 10 mEq/24 h sodium restriction. The remainder of the endocrine evaluation was normal, suggesting that pituitary function otherwise remained intact. One and one-half years after alpha-particle therapy, the patient's urinary 17-OHCS were normal and responded normally to metyrapone. The relationship between urinary aldosterone excretion and PRA also was normal. It is postulated that the...
TL;DR: A "moderately aggressive angiographic approach" is advocated for the diagnosis of acute GI bleeding in most patients with angiography used as needed after emergency endoscopy and preliminary medical therapy.
Abstract: The author's current angiographic approach to the diagnosis and therapy of acute gastrointestinal (GI) bleeding is summarized and discussed. It is based on the authors' experience with diagnostic studies in more than 300 acute GI bleeders and the use of various angiotherapeutic techniques in 138 of them as well as the experience of others. A "moderately aggressive angiographic approach" is advocated for the diagnosis of acute GI bleeding in most patients with angiography used as needed after emergency endoscopy and preliminary medical therapy. Vasoconstrictive angiotherapy with selective intraarterial use of vasopressin is partially giving way to low dose, intravenous infusion of vasopressin and, where possible, to direct vascular occlusion. Selective transcatheter embolic occlusion of bleeding vessels is in indicated cases an accepted method for controlling arterial bleeding. Medical gelatin (Gelfoam) is the current authors' embolization material of choice. Selective variceal occlusion offers promising means for management of bleeding from gastroesophageal varices. Its possible combination with transcatheter intrahepatic portosystemic shunting might also provide non-surgical relief of portal hypertension.
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors studied whether speakers fluent in two languages draw the words available for speech in each language from a COMMON memory pool or from two relatively DISCRETE memory pools.
Abstract: A problem being studied by psycholinguists is whether speakers fluent in two languages draw the words available for speech in each language from a COMMON memory pool or from two relatively DISCRETE memory pools. The present study utilized ten pairs of Ss fluent in both German and English and a crossvalidation sample of 10 additional pairs fluent in French and English. Each pair of Ss conversed for 60 minutes, broken into four 15-minute segments, in a ABBA design (i.e., Eng-Ger-Ger-Eng). Controls for content similarity also were utilized. Speech measures recorded during each 1-hour conversation were (1) mean duration of single UTTERANCES, (2) mean duration of single reaction time LATENCIES, and (3) interruption frequency while speaking in each language. The German-English (and French-English) speaking Ss showed no GROUP (mean) differences across the four language segments. However, individual Ss varied markedly in their speech under the four conditions. Correlational analysis across the four segments was thus carried out in each bilingual group and revealed: (1) twenty-four out of 36 values of r in the two studies were significant at the.05 or .01 level (ranging from .40 to .73), suggesting a fairly high degree of stability of the three speech indices across both language and content conditions; (2) inasmuch as the values of r fall somewhere between uni ty and zero they tend to support the hypothesis that bilingual individuals have neithe: a single word memory pool nor two discrete word memory pools but, rather, they appear to draw their words from two discernible pools which have a considerable degree of overlap between them. The results also suggest that language pool (specific word memory in the language being spoken) and speech content both interact in complex ways and reveal themselves differentially in the three different speech variables utilized in the present study. Les caracteristiques du discours chez des personnes bilingues conversant en deux langues L'un des problemes poses par les psycholinguistes est le suivant: les interlocuteurs, conversant en deux langues, tirent-ils les mots disponibles d'un reservoir de memoire commun, ou de deux reservoirs relativement separes? L'etude presente a eu recours a dix paires de sujets conversant en allernand et en anglais, et pour verification, dix paires frangais-anglais. Les sujets conversaient deux-a-deux pendant 60 minutes partagees en quatre segments de 15 mn. selon le schema ABBA (soit ang.-all.-all.-ang.). De meme, on a utilise des controles de similarite de contenu. Les mesures de discours enregistres pendant ces conversations d'une heure etaient: (1) la duree moyenne des expressions individuelles, (2) la duree moyenne de temps de reaction simple, et (3) la frequence d'interruption pendant la conversation dans chaqu'une des langues. Les sujets parlant l'allemand et l'anglais (ainsi que le fransais et l'anglais) ne montraient aucune difference degroupe (moyenne) dans les quatre segments de discours; tandi que les sujets individuels differaient sensiblement quant a leur langage, suivant les quatre situations. Une analyse correlationnelle, pour les quatre segments avec chaque groupe bilingue a montre: (1) 24 des 36 valeurs dV dans les deux etudes etaient significatifs au niveau .05 ou .01 (une gamme de .40 a .73), suggerant un haut niveau de stabilite
TL;DR: It is suggested that ERCP is a relatively noninvasive and accurate means of follow-up in cases of sclerosing cholangitis.
Abstract: Endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP) has proved to be an effective method of evaluation of a wide range of pancreatic and biliary disease. 1,2 It has advantages over intravenous cholangingraphy in that ERCP can be carried out in patients with advanced hepatic parenchymal disease or high-grade biliary obstruction. Unlike percutaneous cholangiography, the hepatic capsule need not be punctured, thereby obviating the risks of hemorrhage and bile peritonitis. Endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography is uniquely suited to the evaluation of sclerosing cholangitis, which is particularly difficult to evaluate by other than surgical means. Intravenous and oral cholangiography often are not helpful, because there is usually poor biliary opacification in this disease. Percutaneous and transjugular cholangiography usually are not possible if intrahepatic ducts are involved in the diffuse chronic inflammatory process and have narrow lumens that are difficult to enter. Most authors have agreed that the diagnosis can be made only by surgical exploration with