Showing papers by "Otsuma Women's University published in 1992"
TL;DR: In this article, the properties of polyurethane (PU) films prepared from solvolysis lignin (SL), polyethylene glycol (PEG), and diphenylmethane diisocyanate (MDI) were examined by differential scanning calorimetry and thermogravimetry.
Abstract: Thermal properties of polyurethane (PU) films prepared from solvolysis lignin (SL), polyethylene glycol (PEG) and diphenylmethane diisocyanate (MDI) were examined by differential scanning calorimetry and thermogravimetry. In the SL—PEG—MDI system, the SL content, the molecular weight (Mn) of PEG and the NCO/OH ratio were changed in order to control the thermal properties. Glass transition temperatures (Tg's) of the prepared PU's were dependent on the SL content, the Mn of PEG and the NCO/OH ratio. However, the Tg of PU was significantly influenced by the SL content: the increment of Tg was ca. 150 K when the SL content in PEG increased from 0 to ca. 50%. The decomposition of the PU's was markedly dependent on the content of SL. Other factors, such as the NCO/OH ratio and the Mn of PEG, are less dominant compared with the SL content. This fact suggests that the dissociation between the isocyanate groups and the phenolic OH groups in SL may be the major factor in the whole process of the thermal decomposition of the PU containing SL
46 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors investigate and discuss the significance and validity of studying Japanese Buddhist preaching as the main undercurrent of Japanese rhetorical communication practices, and emphasize the importance of viewing preaching as a form of rhetorical communication.
Abstract: This essay is an attempt to investigate and discuss the significance and validity of researching Buddhist preaching as the main undercurrent of Japanese rhetorical communication practices. The argument first points out contemporary rhetoricians' weaknesses in research, and proceeds to discuss the importance of viewing preaching as a form of rhetorical communication. It then describes historical backgrounds of Japanese Buddhist preaching, and finally analyzes the preaching principles in comparison with the five canons of Western rhetoric, stressing the value of studying Buddhist preaching from the rhetorical perspective.
16 citations
TL;DR: In this article, the ground reaction forces during walking with shoes were investigated from the viewpoint of ground reaction force, as compared with those during walking barefoot, and it was concluded that the effect of shoes with leather sole had less effect to enhance the acceleration.
Abstract: The characteristics of walking with different types of shoes were investigated from the viewpoint of ground reaction forces, as compared with those during walking barefoot. The shoes used in this experiment were three types for casual or business uses for men, which were on the market in Japan. The same shoes were worn by 4 male subjects of the same shoes sizes. It was concluded, from the analysis of variance and the mean difference test, that (1) the ground reaction forces during walking with shoes showed large differences between subjects, (2) the first peak value of the vertical ground rection force had the tendency to increase while the polar minimum value of the vertical force had the tendency to decrease during walking with shoes, (3) the effect of shoes on the ground reaction forces appeared subject specific, and (4) the formal shoes with leather sole had less effect to enhance the acceleration.
3 citations
TL;DR: In this article, the authors discuss the effect of gender stereotypes on women's health and gender equality in the context of gender discrimination in the media, and show that women are vulnerable to gender discrimination.
Abstract: 1961年から1969年の間に生まれた東京都の男子358人,女子400人の身長•胸囲•体重の12年間の個人追跡資料から最大の成長速度を示す年齢(PV年齢)を算出した。女子については初潮年齢を加えて,遅速関係を明らかにするために,それらの間の年齢差を1年間隔の数群に分類し,各群の出現率を求め,これによって成長の個性を検討した。その結果,男子では長さの成長(身長)と重さの成長(体重)とが並行して進行しているのに対し,太さの成長(胸囲)がやや異なった進み方をしているが,女子では重さ(体重)と太さ(胸囲)の成長はよく並行しているのに対し,長さの成長(身長)はこれらとは少し異なって進行する傾向があった。
3 citations
TL;DR: Familiarity, ease of access, trust, and awareness of risks, will be important for the future.
Abstract: イカ肉を加熱後,なま粕に10%の清酒および15%の焼酎, 16.5%の砂糖を添加し,食塩濃度が3,7%, 5.0%, 7.2%になるように食塩を加えた調製酒粕3種中に10日間保存して,その物性とタンパク質の変化を検討し,次の結果を得た.(1) 食塩3.7%調製粕を用いた粕漬処理肉の官能検査では, 2, 6, 10日間の保存で, 10日後の肉が,最もやわらかく,かみ切りやすく,弾力がなく,総合的に好まれた.さらに, 10日後の粕漬肉と加熱酒粕を用いて処理した肉とを官能検査によって比較すると,加熱粕漬肉の方が粕漬肉よりもかみ切りにくく,弾力が強く,総合的に好まれなかった.これらの評価より,粕漬肉のテクスチャー変化が保存だけの影響ではなく,酒粕中の酵素の作用によるものであることが示唆された.(2) テクスチュロメーターによる硬さの測定では,表皮の第1層,第2層のみを除いたイカ肉Iの粕漬肉は,漬け込み6日後までに硬さの値は急激に低下し,その後10日まで徐々に低下した.この結果は,官能検査結果に対応していた.表皮の第1層～第4層を除いたイカ肉IIの硬さはイカ肉Iよりも保存初期には低く,かつ低下の程度もイカ肉Iよりもゆるやかであることから,イカの皮は主に保存初期に,イカ肉は保存期間中を通じて粕の作用を受けるのではないかと考えられた.(3) イカ肉Iの引張強度は,粕漬処理により,縦方向(体軸方向)と横方向(体軸と直角方向)ともに低下し,特に横方向の強度低下が大きかった.イカ表皮の第3層,第4層を酒粕抽出液に浸漬すると,浸漬初期に縦方向の引張強度の低下が大きかった.(4) イカ肉は粕漬処理中にタンパク質が変化していることがSDS-PAGE分析により確認された.イカ肉の筋繊維タンパク質のミオシン重鎖,パラミオシン,アクチン,ミオチン軽鎖が減少しているのがみられた.また,イカ皮のタンパク質の低分子量化もみられた.以上より,イカ肉を粕漬処理したとき,テクスチャーの変化が認められ,肉,皮ともに物性が変化した.これは酒粕の中に含まれる酵素によりタンパク質の一部が分解することと関連があることが考えられた.
3 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, the morphological similarities of 27 Chinese minority nations' youths aged 18 by using PCA-Q mode cluster analysis were studied, where six measurements of body size, two indices of body shape and four indices of growth tempo (which were estimated from cross-sectional data of 69, 389 subjects aged 7 through 18 using proportional interpolation method) were used as variables.
Abstract: This study focused on studying the morphological similarities of 27 Chinese minority nations' youths aged 18 by using PCA-Q mode cluster analysis. Six measurements of body size, two indices of body shape and four indices of growth tempo (which were estimated from cross-sectional data of 69, 389 subjects aged 7 through 18 by using proportional interpolation method) were used as variables. The values of these variables were normalized into principal component scores, and clustering was done among 27 nations according to the distances determined by their component scores (centroid method). Both for boys and girls, there were seven clusters fused at about 0.2 similarity level. The clusters thus formed not only described the significant differences among themselves but also showed closed associations between the geographic, ecologic and socio-economic differences and youth's growth status. The consistency of clustering tendency between children aged 7 (JI and OHSAWA, 1991) and youths aged 18 of these minority nations was also verified.
3 citations
1 citations
1 citations
TL;DR: In this article, the authors investigated the characteristics of fast speed walking in old men, primarily from the viewpoint of the ground reaction forces, in comparison with those during the ordinary speed walking.
Abstract: Characteristics of the fast speed walking in old men, primarily from the viewpoint of the ground reaction forces, were investigated in comparison with those during the ordinary speed walking. As a result, the following were recognized as the characteristics of fast speed walking in old men; (1) the walking speed, step length, and brake impulse as well as acceleration impulse began to decrease pronouncedly from the age group in their 60s, (2) the walking of subjects in their 60s and 70s were hastened from the ordinary speed level with almost the same ratios as in the younger subjects, (3) increase of the step length during the fast speed walking, against those during the ordinary speed walking, was smaller in subjects in their 70s than in the younger, (4) increase of the brake impulse during the fast speed walking, against those during the ordinary speed walking, began to decrease from the age-group in their 60s, while (5) that of the acceleration impulse remained unchanged with age. The principal component analysis revealed that (6) the contents of the fast speed walking are almost identical in ages between 20s and 50s, suggesting that they begin to change at one's 60s.
1 citations
Journal Article•
TL;DR: To determine the relation between protein nutritive value and amino acid composition of protein in cooked food, statistical analysis was carried out on thirty cooked foods selected from Japanese daily meal.
Abstract: To determine the relation between protein nutritive value and amino acid composition of protein in cooked food, statistical analysis was carried out on thirty cooked foods selected from Japanese daily meal. The food samples were cooked, and powdered after freeze-drying. The amino acid composition was determined by liquid chromatography and colorimetry. The Wistar rats were put on the 7% cooked food protein diet and NPU (net protein utilization) was determined. Linear multiple regression analysis was made between NPU and the ratio of individual essential amino acid in the cooked food protein (mg/Ng)/the corresponding amino acid in the reference protein (mg/Ng). The regression equation for the predicted net protein utilization (NPUp) reads as follows: [formula: see text] Highest correlation coefficient (r = 0.93, p < 0.01) was obtained between NPU and NPUp of the protein in the cooked food.
1 citations
TL;DR: Comparison of ages at death showed that physical education majors were distinctly represented in lower age groups, and comparison of cumulative survival rates utilizing Cutler-Ederer method showed that the rates of survival of physical Education majors were low.
Abstract: Few studies have been conducted in Japan on the relationship between sports and the length of human life, i.e. the life-prolonging effect of exercise. In this paper, we conducted such research on 3,113 male graduates of a national university having a faculty of physical education. The subjects were divided according to their academic majors, which included physical education, humanities, and science courses. The following results were obtained: 1) Comparison of ages at death showed that physical education majors were distinctly represented in lower age groups. 2) Comparison of average ages at death by dividing the subjects into 20-year intervals according to their years of birth, revealed that physical education majors do not necessarily live longer and tend to die relatively young. 3) Comparison of average ages at death, including death by war, indicated that physical education majors lived 8.572 and 7.792 years less than humanities and science course majors, respectively. When death by war was excluded, the results were 6.189 and 5.548 years, respectively. Both results were statistically significant. 4) Comparison of cumulative survival rates utilizing Cutler-Ederer method showed that the rates of survival of physical education majors were low.
TL;DR: A new metrical method using the factor analysis in quantifying the autonomic balance, which is constituted by two estimating equations of autonom ic balance extracting the ECG information, is able to express all types of its responses.
Abstract: The purpose of this study is to propose a new metrical method using the factor analysis in quantifying the autonomic balance. In this model the sympathetic and parasympathetic functions are independent of each other and these two functions constitute the two-dimensional coordinate space. The model, which is constituted by two estimating equations of autonom ic balance extracting the ECG information, is able to express all types of its responses. The equations were derived from factor analysis on the ECG information of 625 healthy children from 6 to 15 years of age. According to the factor analysis, the first factor was obviously interpreted as the parasympathetic factor and the second factor was done as the sympathetic factor. These factors and equations were extracted as follows: 1. The ECG of 625 healthy children were taken under five different conditions (1) in a resting supine (2) while deep breathing (3) while breath holding (4) standing position maintained for 10 min (5) in circum stances of sinus arrhythmia. 2. The factor analysis treated the ECG data by all types of experimental conditions and confirmed a factorial validity through the several factor solutions. 3. Finally two estimating equations for autonomic balance were
TL;DR: GAO proved positive in esculin hydrolysis test, while both IAM 12349 and E. coli proved negative, and their difference was clearly observed.
Abstract: The Enterobacter cloacae GAO arisen from plant and E. cloacae IAM 12349, Escherichia coli JAM 12119 arisen from intestine can be judged by simple methods. The growth of Euterobacter cloacae GAO (abbreviated hereafter as GAO) was stimulated two and three times in optical density by addition of apple juice and casamino acid, respectively. Cellobiose and xylose were utilized best as carbon sources by GAO, although the latter was slightly utilized by E. cloacae IAM 12349 (abbreviated hereafter as IAM 12349). GAO grew in a wide range of pH 4-10, but E. coli IAM 12119 (abbreviated hereafter as E. coli) failed below pH 7 and above pH 10. GAO proved positive in esculin hydrolysis test, while both IAM 12349 and E. coli proved negative. Their difference was clearly observed. (Received March 22, 1991)