Showing papers by "Rider University published in 1979"
Journal Article•
217 citations
TL;DR: The seed bank profile suggests that viability and/or dormancy are prolonged in these freshwater tidal marsh soils, and the relationship between germination patterns in the field and of seeds in soils removed to the greenhouse were also determined.
Abstract: Presence of buried viable seeds at three depths in freshwater marsh soils was determined by observing seedling emergence in the greenhouse. These results were compared with field germination. For the greenhouse study soils were collected in December 1976, and March 1977, from six vegetation types in the Hamilton Marshes near Trenton, New Jersey. Three to five times more seeds and almost three times as many species germinated in the greenhouse than in the field. Of the ten most numerous species in greenhouse samples, 7.2 ? 0.2 SE species were also observed as seedlings at that site in the field. Annuals comprised seven of the ten most numerous species in both the greenhouse and in the field. Estimated seed densities for the top 10 cm of marsh soil ranged from 6,405 to 32,400 seeds m-2. Germination in soils collected in March was 3 1% greater than for those collected in December. Decrease in species number with depth was significant for March soils. While seedling numbers also decreased with depth, considerable variability occurred and the differences were not significant. The seed bank profile suggests that viability and/or dormancy are prolonged in these freshwater tidal marsh soils. BURIED seed communities provide clues to the past vegetation (Odum, 1965, 1978) and suggest the course of revegetation and succession following disturbance. Buried seeds are often those of successional species which can take advantage of the "open" habitat which is provided after disturbance (Johnson, 1975). Our understanding of buried seeds comes largely from terrestrial environments, such as agricultural fields (e.g., Brenchley and Warington, 1930, 1933; Schafer and Chilcote, 1970), forests (e.g., Oosting and Humphreys, 1940; Johnson, 1975; Moore and Wein, 1977), and grasslands (e.g., Major and Pyott, 1966). The seeds of marsh soils have received attention only recently (van der Valk and Davis, 1976, 1978) following a long hiatus since the reports of Darwin (1859) and Milton (1939). There have been no studies of the seed banks of freshwater tidal marshes, which unlike saline tidal marshes are often dominated by annual species (Whigham et al., 1978). To develop an even rudimentary understanding of marshland vegetation patterns, species distribution, and reproductive strategy, seed bank composition and viability must be characterized. We use seed bank to refer to the viable seeds found in soil as determined by the appearance of seedlings although we recognize the difficulty inherent in using germinability to establish the ' Received for publication 19 September 1978; revision accepted 5 June 1979. The authors would like to thank R. L. Simpson, D. F. Whigham, V. T. Parker, M. J. Nicolick, and reviewers for discussions and/or suggestions regarding the manuscript, and D. E. Fairbrothers and the Chrysler Herbarium at Rutgers University for aid in identifying certain specimens. The work was supported in part by a grant from Rider College to the senior author. composition and size of the seed bank because germination requirements may not be provided (Major and Pyott, 1966). The germination requirements of aquatic plants are discussed by Hutchinson (1975) and Sculthorpe (1967). Both longevity of seeds and dormancy may be affected by soil moisture levels (Milton, 1939; Champness and Morris, 1948), temperature (Schafer and Chilcote, 1970), and soil atmosphere (Roberts, 1972). The tidal marsh soils are continuously saturated and may provide an ideal environment for maintaining viability. The principal objective of this study was to estimate the size and species composition of seed banks in several vegetation types from a freshwater tidal marsh. Emphasis was placed on seed germination as a function of soil depth. The effects of standing water and intermittent watering on germinability, and the relationship between germination patterns in the field and of seeds in soils removed to the greenhouse were also determined. MATERIALS AND METHODS-A study was made of seed storage in soils from tidal areas of the Hamilton Marshes near Trenton, New Jersey. The Hamilton Marshes cover approximately 500 hectares along an old meander next to the Delaware River (Whigham and Simpson, 1976). Of this area 260 hectares are freshwater tidal marshland, constituting the northernmost tidal marsh in the Delaware River estuary. The climate is temperate, and the growing season lasts from mid-April to late September (avg. temperature 12.1 C). Water supply in the marsh is always adequate. The soils are highly organic (15-50%) silt and silt-clay types (Whigham and Simpson, 1976). Unlike salt marshes, vascular
163 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, the acidity constant of 13 substituted hydroxycobalticinium and hydroxyrhodiciniam salts has been determined spectrophotometrically.
15 citations
14 citations
TL;DR: The results suggest that Wv/w melanoblast are marginally viable cells that cannot compete with normal melanoblasts when the popuolations interact, and can also explain the spotting pattern and pigment dilution characteristic of dominant-spotting heterozygous mice.
Abstract: Through the use of dermal-epidermal recombination methods a competition between mouse embryo melanoblasts of the genotype Wv/w C/C, w/w c/c, Sld/sl C/C and sl/sl c/c was established. Control combinations were made between C/C and c/d components. The extent of pigment found in hair of grafts after three weeks growth in mouse testes was used as evidence of an interaction between populations. Normal and albino melanoblasts were found to be similar in viability, whereas melanoblasts of the genotype Wv/w C/C were largely excluded from hair follicles when placed in competition with w/w c/c melanoblasts. No difference in competitive advantage was observed between Sld/sl C/C and sl/sl c/c populations. These results confirm that the W and sl loci act at different sites. In addition they suggest that Wv/w melanoblasts are marginally viable cells that cannot compete with normal melanoblasts when the popuolations interact. The Wv/w melanoblast failure can also explain the spotting pattern and pigment dilution characteristic of dominant-spotting heterozygous mice.
12 citations
TL;DR: The relationship between publications and the status of women in educational research is discussed in this paper, where authors of articles authored by women accounted for 9%, 59%, and 17% of the research published in educational, women's, and minority journals, respectively.
Abstract: Sex differences in the content and authorship of articles published in major educational, women's, and minority journals from 1973–1977 were examined. In that five-year period, research related to women in education accounted for approximately 10% of the research published in four major educational research journals, 24% of the research published in two women's journals, and 6% of the research published in two minority journals. No increase in the relative number of articles related to women and education published from 1973 through 1977 was found.
Articles authored by women accounted for 9%, 59%, and 17% of the research published in educational, women's, and minority journals, respectively. No increase in the relative numbers of articles authored or coauthored by women from 1973 through 1977 was found.
The relationship between publications and the status of women in educational research is discussed.
11 citations
TL;DR: The authors showed that cuing at recall was beneficial regardless of whether cues were present during processing, but was maximally effective if cues were presented at both stages of processing and recall, and that the effectiveness of recall cues was due to their reinstating the encoding context at recall.
Abstract: Taxonomic category headings were varied in a 2 by 2 factorial design at input and output in the processing and recall of concrete nouns in two experiments with college undergraduates. Experiment 1 showed that cuing at recall was beneficial regardless of whether cues were present during processing, but was maximally effective if cues were present at both stages. Experiment 2 examined whether the effectiveness of recall cues was due to their reinstating the encoding context at recall. The results supported neither a generation-recognition model of recall nor a strict interpretation of the encoding specificity principle. It is suggested that situationally specific mini-theories be formulated to account for cued recall phenomena.
6 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors used the Box-Jenkins transfer model to build a time series model relating mean June-July-August air temperature and behavior of glacier termini.
Abstract: The Box-Jenkins transfer model technique is used to build a time series model relating mean June–July–August air temperature and behavior of glacier termini. Data are from the Austrian Alps. Glacier behavior is the fraction of observed glaciers in the region that recede each season. The model indicates a good fit (r=0.84), with temperature effects diminishing after the concurrent year but having appreciable impact for approximately 4 yr.
1 citations
TL;DR: The role of popular culture in legitimating the existing social order is examined through an analysis of the film version ofGone With The Wind as discussed by the authors, which reveals several ways in which the audience is brought to identify with the upper class as well as several themes which legitimate class structure.
Abstract: The role of popular culture in legitimating the existing social order is examined through an analysis of the film version ofGone With The Wind. This film was selected because, judging from its immense popularity, it has had great potential as a vehicle for legitimation. The analysis reveals several ways in which the audience is brought to identify with the upper class as well as several themes which legitimate class structure.
1 citations
TL;DR: Biderman as discussed by the authors developed a set of self-instructional statistical libraries for small-system users with standard BASIC, running either timesharing or real-time applications.
Abstract: Gallo, 1975). The programs are selfinstructional, requiring keyboard data input and providing output at the user's terminal. They are welldocumented for easy alteration with regard to numberof variables or number ofscores.The package was developed to serve the small-systemuser with standard BASIC, running either timesharingor real-time applications. The programs facilitate storageon a public device, and are written for easy adaptationto a variety ofmanufacturers' equipment. The packagecan easily supplement other statistical libraries specificto a given manufacturer (cf. Biderman, 1978).Under timesharing, each program is brought into theuser's work area in the standard way. The individualprograms in the package are listed below:BDESC.BAS Distribution statistics including themean, standard deviation, variance,standard error of the mean, andmeasure ofkurtosis.BTESTP.BAS t test for a difference between asample mean and a population mean.BTESTI.BAS t test for a difference between twoindependent samples.BTESTR.BAS t test for a difference between relatedsamples, including calculation of aPearson product-moment correlationcoefficient.BANOVS.BAS Simple analysis of variance for thecompletely randomized design (fixedeffects model).B2FACT.BAS Two-factoranalysis of variance for thecompletely randomized design (fixedeffects model).BHOI.BAS Tukey test for a critical difference inmaking all comparisons betweenmeans.
TL;DR: The results indicated that a criterion FR schedule value exists (FR-20) in which stable social inhibition of key pecking breaks down, and these data begin to establish the limits under whichSocial inhibition of operantKey pecking in quail will occur.
Abstract: Operant key pecking was assessed in Japanese quail during visual exposure to either one male or one female companion under a variety of fixed-ratio (FR) and differential-reinforcement-of-low-rate (DRL) schedules. Experiment 1 tested eight adult male quail on FR-2, FR-10, and FR-20 schedules of food reinforcement. The results indicated that a criterion FR schedule value exists (FR-20) in which stable social inhibition of key pecking breaks down. Social inhibition of responding during FR-2 and FR-10 performance was essentially the same as that obtained for continuous reinforcement (CRF) in earlier studies. Experiment 2 assessed food-reinforced key pecking in another group of eight adult male quail on DRL-2, DRL-4, DRL-8, DRL-12, and DRL-16 schedules of reinforcement. While a weak social inhibition effect was obtained during DRL-12 performance, the criterion concept was not applicable to these findings since the companion effects during DRL schedules were ambiguous. DRL behavior was found to coincide with established response patterns of pigeons showing increased disinhibition of pecking with increased DRL interval. These data begin to establish the limits under which social inhibition of operant key pecking in quail will occur.
TL;DR: McKee et al. as discussed by the authors discuss the memory and the Edenic myth in the green hills of Jamaica, and present a novel novel named Memory and Edenic Mythology.
Abstract: (1979). Memory and the Edenic myth: Claude McKay's green hills of Jamaica. World Literature Written in English: Vol. 18, No. 1, pp. 245-254.
TL;DR: The authors examined the effects of several kinds of incidental semantic encoding on cued recall through instructions to find similarities or to find differences between pairs of nouns, with and without imagery instructions.
Abstract: Two experiments examined the effects of several kinds of incidental semantic encoding on cued recall through instructions to find similarities or to find differences between pairs of nouns, with and without imagery instructions. Exp. 1 employed concrete and abstract nouns which were related or unrelated in meaning. Processing effects on a subsequent cued recall task occurred only for unrelated concrete items, with finding similarities leading to higher recall. In Exp. 2, two groups of subjects processed unrelated concrete nouns with the same encoding instructions as in Exp. 1. Two additional groups carried out the similarity or contrastive task by forming images containing both items. Again, recall was higher when similarity processing was employed. The addition of imagery instructions affected encoding time but not recall accuracy or response latency. Results suggested that forming a meaningful associative relationship between pair members was the crucial encoding step for successful memory performance.