Showing papers by "Rider University published in 1984"
TL;DR: This article examined a number of employment and career issues that may be affected by sex stereotypes and found that women still are viewed as possessing personality characteristics that are considered inappropriate for performing effectively in high-level positions.
Abstract: We see evidence everyday that sex roles are changing in American society. Yet it appears that changes in the stereotypes of women and men have not kept pace with changing role options. Specifically, women still are viewed as possessing personality characteristics that are considered inappropriate for performing effectively in high-level positions. This article examines a number of employment and career issues that may be affected by sex stereotypes. The available research suggests that sex stereotypes operate at various stages in one's career and provide a series of barriers for women aspiring to positions that traditionally have been dominated by males.
133 citations
TL;DR: In this article, a set of brachiopod specimens were placed on a well-sorted medium grained sand (05 mm) in a recirculating flume and subjected to a constant unidirectional current of 26-27 cm/sec.
Abstract: Selected brachiopod specimens were placed on a well-sorted medium grained sand (05 mm) in a recirculating flume and subjected to a constant unidirectional current of 26–27 cm/sec The specimens were placed in each of six feasible life-orientations In three orientations, the valves were reclining with either the lateral, anterior or posterior profile upcurrent In three orientations, the commissural plane was perpendicular to the substrate with either the pedicle or brachial valve upcurrent, or a lateral margin upcurrent Destabilization indices were calculated for each specimen in each orientation based on the elapsed time until the specimen reoriented Nonstrophic biconvex brachiopods are most stable with the valves reclining on the substrate Among orientations with the valves erect, the pedicle valve upcurrent and the brachial valve upcurrent are the most and least stable orientations, respectively Shell stability increased among nonstrophic specimens that were more equi-biconvex Biconvex strophic brachiopods are also more stable if the valves were equi-biconvex, cither compressed (biplanate) or inflated, provided that the specimen was propped up on its hingeline with a lateral margin upcurrent Catacline interareas afforded greater stability than procline, apsacline or orthocline interareas when the valves were perpendicular to the substrate Accentuated plication reduced shell stability Alate biconvex forms were often more stable if the valves were vertical to the substrate rather than reclining Alate biconvex geometries are more stable than nonstrophic and strophic biconvex forms if the commissural plane is perpendicular to the substrate and parallel to the current Broad catacline interareas increased stability in all orientations Plano-convex and dorsi-biconvex alate forms are usually less stable than equi-biconvex or ventri-biconvex alate geometries Concavo-convex geometries are stable in all orientations except with the valves nearly vertical to the substrate and parallel to the current Spines greatly retard sediment-scour and maintain concavo-convex specimens in orientations with the valves elevated above the substrates D Brachiopoda, shell shape, hydrodynamic stability
62 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors examine the effects of capitalist production on a leisure activity and show that as commodities produced for exchange become the predominant objects used in leisure activities, the leisure activity itself is reshaped.
Abstract: The purpose of this paper is to examine the effects of capitalist production on a leisure activity. It demonstrates that as commodities produced for exchange become the predominant objects used in a leisure activity, the leisure activity itself is reshaped. A case study of the model airplane hobby and industry illuminates this process. The history of the hobby is one of gradual control loss by hobbyists and control gain by capital.
23 citations
Posted Content•
TL;DR: A particularly striking finding is that the increase in abortion availability is the single most important factor in the reduction in the black neonatal mortality rate, and dominates trends in schooling, poverty, female employment, and physician availability.
Abstract: The aim of this paper is to contribute to an understanding of the determinants of differences in race-specific neonatal mortality rates among large counties of the U.S. in 1977. After estimating cross-sectional regressions, we apply their coefficients to national trends in the exogenous variables to "explain" the rapid decline in neonatal mortality since 1964. The regressions and the extrapolations point to the importance of abortion availability, neonatal intensive care availability, females schooling levels, and to a lesser extent Medicaid, BCHS projects, and WIC in trends in black neonatal mortality between 1964 and 1977. They also underscore the importance of schooling, neonatal intensive care, abortion, Medicaid, WIC, and to a lesser extent poverty and organized family planning clinics in trends in white neonatal mortality in those years. A particularly striking finding is that the increase in abortion availability is the single most important factor in the reduction in the black neonatal mortality rate. Not only does the growth in abortion dominate other program measures, but it also dominates trends in schooling, poverty,female employment, and physician availability. The actual reduction due to abortion amounts to 1.2 deaths per thousand live births or 10 percent of the observed decline.
20 citations
TL;DR: In this article, the electron transfer termination mechanism postulated for polymerization of vinylferrocene was observed, but no evidence for the electron termination termination mechanism was found for polyvinyl ruthenocene.
Abstract: Homopolymers of vinylruthenocene and its copolymers with methyl acrylate, styrene, and n-vinylpyrrolidinone have been prepared by free-radical polymerization. No evidence for the electron transfer termination mechanism postulated for polymerization of vinylferrocene was observed. Yields of soluble polymers were 40–90% with Mw (4–25) × 103 and Mw/Mn = 3.0–13.2. TGA analysis showed little weight loss up to 300°C but rapid decomposition above 300°C. Polyvinylruthenocene is a highly brittle material with Tg above 250°C. Torsional braid analysis of the copolymer samples showed Tg in the range 90–130°C which in some samples increased upon cooling and reheating. Several samples showed weak thermal transitions occurring prior to or following Tg. The rise in Tg upon cooling and reheating is indicative of possible decomposition, crosslinking, or realignment of the polymer chains.
15 citations
TL;DR: The individual and organizational factors related to creativity for R&D professionals are examined in this paper, which suggests that the creative individual may be more reflective with less need for external feedback than the innovator.
Abstract: The individual and organizational factors related to creativity for R&D professionals are examined. The results suggest that the creative R&D professional differs from past profiles of innovative individuals. The creative individual may be more reflective with less need for external feedback than the innovator. The role of creativity in future research is considered.
13 citations
01 Jan 1984
TL;DR: Two approaches have been taken as discussed by the authors, Magnetic Confinement and Inertial Confinement, which are currently being investigated at the Forrestal Laboratories in Princeton, and inertial confinement2 which is being investigated by KMS Fusion, Inc. in Ann Arbor, Michigan, at the University of Rochester, at National Laboratories at Los Alamos, New Mexico, and Livermore, California and elsewhere.
Abstract: Nuclear fusion, the energy process operating in the sun, offers promise of production of almost unlimited energy without the toxic and radioactive wastes associated with nuclear fission. Harnessing nuclear fusion, however, has proven to be a challenging task that may not be completed for another thirty years. Because of the strong repulsive forces to be overcome in order for nuclei to fuse, the process will take place only at temperatures above 50,000,000°. No known materials can contain matter at this temperature. Thus the fusion reaction must be confined without its touching the walls of its container. Two approaches have been taken — Magnetic Confinement, which is currently being investigated at the Forrestal Laboratories in Princeton, and Inertial Confinement2 which is being investigated at KMS Fusion, Inc. in Ann Arbor, Michigan, at the University of Rochester, at the National Laboratories at Los Alamos, New Mexico, and Livermore, California and elsewhere.
5 citations
TL;DR: In this article, the effects of sex of subject and exposure to training (trained and untrained) on scores from the T-P Leadership Questionnaire on two separate occasions were examined.
Abstract: Sf~mmry.-12 men and 12 women Residence Advisors were administered the T-P Leadership Questionnaire on two separate occasions. Two groups were formed; one served as a control and the other received leadership training prior to administration of the posttest. It was expected that preferences for leadership style would become more people-oriented after leadership training. Effects of sex of subject and exposure to training (trained and untrained) on scores from the T-P Leadership Questionnaire were examined. Separate scores were obtained for concern for task and concern for people. Significant treatment effects were obtained for the people-orientation measure. Male Residence Advisors showed a significant increase on the "people dimension" after leadership training. Compared with women, men showed a greater increase in people orientation. There was a significant interaction of sex of subject and training condition. Research on quality and style of leadership has focused on the relationship between these characteristics of a staff member's behavior and a wide range of personality and motivational factors (Biggs, 1971; Rand & Carew, 1970). An example of this approach is the study of ~atli~ and Green ( 1979). Subjects with some supervisory experience were administered The Leadership Opinion Questionnaire to assess preferences for leadership style and The Sixteen Personality Factor Questionnaire to assess personality attributes. The sample was divided according to preferences for leadership style into those called balanced (supervisors equally concerned with structure or tasks and consideration or people) and those called unbalanced, i.e., those who were biased towards either structure or consideration. Those supervisors labeled "balanced" were significantly more tough-minded, practical, conservative, and group-dependent than supervisors labeled "unbalanced." Comparable findings were reported by Butters and Glade (1982) who studied men and women Residence Advisors using a correlational design to examine relationships among job satisfaction, style of leadership, and sex. The study identified relationships between (a) job satisfaction and sex, (b) preferences for leadership style and sex, and (c) job satisfaction and preferences for leadership behavior. On the consideration dimension of leadership style, men scored higher than women. Both men and women described themselves as significantly higher on the consideration dimension than the initiating struc
4 citations
3 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors investigated the relationship between personal attributes questionnaire scores and intimacy status in a sample of university alumini with an average age of 25 years, and found that androgyny was associated with preintimate status in both men and women.
Abstract: Sex-role orientation based on combined t-ratio/median-split scoring of Personal Attributes Questionnaire data was investigated in relation to intimacy status in a sample of university alumini with an average age of 25 years. There was no significant sex difference in sex-role orientation or social status. As expected, androgyny was associated with the preintimate status in both men and women. Contrary to prediction, androgyny was also associated with the less intimate statuses of merger in men and pseudointimate in women; sex-typing was associated with the most intimate status in both sexes. All sex-typed individuals were involved in long-term, heterosexual partnership varying in level of intimacy.
2 citations
TL;DR: For the past twenty-five years or so, the writings of George Orwell, especially his final novel 1984, have been a popular topic for student research as discussed by the authors, and from junior high through graduate school, interest in Orwell has been consistent.
Abstract: For the past twenty‐five years or so, the writings of George Orwell — especially his final novel 1984 — have been a popular topic for student research. From junior high through graduate school, interest in Orwell has been consistent. Book reports, term papers, and even seminars on Orwell are common‐place in the national curriculum. Now, as the year 1984 arrives, librarians at all levels — public, school, academic — must brace themselves for a year‐long onslaught of requests for biographical and critical material on Orwell.
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors test the existence of fragmentation between home office and overseas management and its potential impact on the planning and control of social responsiveness programs and find that fragmentation does exist between the two organizations, especially in the perceived impact of environmental factors on strategic planning.
Abstract: This research sought to test the existence of fragmentation between home office and overseas management and its potential impact on the planning and control of social responsiveness programs. Results indicate that fragmentation does exist between home office and overseas management especially in the perceived impact of environmental factors on strategic planning. The findings reveal that home office management appears to have a strategic orientation to management while overseas management takes a more operational approach.
TL;DR: The application of statistics in economics can be considered as an art where imagination predominates as discussed by the authors and the principal drawback is that statistics strives to interpret the common noun (relationships between classified events) in terms of nomological statements without a proper classification of events.
Abstract: The application of statistics in economics can be considered as an art where imagination predominates. The principal drawback, from the position of epistemology, is that statistics strives to interpret the common noun (relationships between classified events) in terms of nomological statements without a proper classification of events. As a result, it is necessary to deal with unwarranted assumptions and foregone conclusions.
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors present a set of behavioral measures related to visual preference, which can also be used as an instructional tool for courses in information processing, cognitive psychology, personality, individual differences, and assessment.
Abstract: Since Berlyne's classic work on preference for environmental complexity (e.g., Berlyne & Boudewijns, 1971), visual preference tests have been used widely in experiments dealing with a range of basic and applied research objectives. Research applications in the area of basic personality structure (Wiedl, 1977) are representative of the use of this technique in the study of adjustment and clinical psychology. Preference for complexity has also been incorporated into work on cognitive style and information processing (Frost & Lindauer, 1980), cognitive development in young children (Burton, 1981), and social-filial attitudes (Lohmann & Wiedl, 1977). The basic technique has proved to generalize well across disciplines, settings, and topic areas. The program described here can be used to obtain a range of behavioral measures related to visual preference. It can also be used to carry out experimental procedures involving a number of possible independent variables. The program also has potential use as an instructional tool for courses in information processing, cognitive psychology, personality, individual differences, and assessment.