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Institution

The Graduate Center, CUNY

EducationNew York, New York, United States
About: The Graduate Center, CUNY is a education organization based out in New York, New York, United States. It is known for research contribution in the topics: Population & Politics. The organization has 4167 authors who have published 6246 publications receiving 173812 citations.


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Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: Differences between Connectionist proposals for cognitive architecture and the sorts of models that have traditionally been assumed in cognitive science are explored and the possibility that Connectionism may provide an account of the neural structures in which Classical cognitive architecture is implemented is considered.

3,454 citations

Book ChapterDOI
01 Jan 2011
TL;DR: Critical theory retains its ability to disrupt and hallenge the status quo, and elicits highly charged emotions of all types as discussed by the authors, such as fierce loyalty from its roponents, vehement hostility from its detractors.
Abstract: Some 70 years after its development in Frankfurt, Germany, critical theory retains its ability to disrupt and hallenge the status quo. In the process, it elicits highlycharged emotions of all types—fierce loyalty from its roponents, vehement hostility from its detractors. Such vibrantly polar reactions indicate at the very least that critical theory still matters. We can be against critical theory or for it, but, especially at the present historical uncture, we cannot be without it.

2,871 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: The authors illustrate the utility of the multidimensional organizing framework by analyzing the different configuration of elements in 4 major theories of identification.
Abstract: The authors offer a framework for conceptualizing collective identity that aims to clarify and make distinctions among dimensions of identification that have not always been clearly articulated. Elements of collective identification included in this framework are self-categorization, evaluation, importance, attachment and sense of interdependence, social embeddedness, behavioral involvement, and content and meaning. For each element, the authors take note of different labels that have been used to identify what appear to be conceptually equivalent constructs, provide examples of studies that illustrate the concept, and suggest measurement approaches. Further, they discuss the potential links between elements and outcomes and how context moderates these relationships. The authors illustrate the utility of the multidimensional organizing framework by analyzing the different configuration of elements in 4 major theories of identification.

1,634 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: A quantitative meta-analysis evaluating the effects of phonemic awareness (PA) instruction on learning to read and spell was conducted by the National Reading Panel as mentioned in this paper, which found that PA instruction exerted a moderate, statistically significant impact on reading and spelling.
Abstract: A quantitative meta-analysis evaluating the effects of phonemic awareness (PA) instruction on learning to read and spell was conducted by the National Reading Panel. There were 52 studies published in peer-reviewed journals, and these contributed 96 cases comparing the outcomes of treatment and control groups. Analysis of effect sizes revealed that the impact of PA instruction on helping children acquire PA was large and statistically significant (d = 0.86). PA instruction exerted a moderate, statistically significant impact on reading (d = 0.53) and spelling (d = 0.59). Not only word reading but also reading comprehension benefited. PA instruction impacted reading under all the conditions examined although effect sizes were larger under some conditions. PA instruction helped various types of children: normally developing readers as well as at-risk and disabled readers; preschoolers, kindergartners, and first graders; low socioeconomic status children as well as mid-high SES. PA instruction improved reading, but it did not improve spelling in disabled readers. PA instruction was more effective when it was taught with letters than without letters, when one or two PA skills were taught than multiple PA skills, when children were taught in small groups than individually or in classrooms, and when instruction lasted between 5 and 18 hours rather than longer. Classroom teachers were effective in teaching PA to their students. Effect sizes were larger for studies using more rigorous experimental designs, with rigor assessments drawn from Troia (1999). In sum, PA instruction was found to make a statistically significant contribution to reading acquisition. [See also a letter to the editors regarding this article, and the first author's response: http:dx.doi.org10.1598RRQ.37.2.1] Un meta-analisis cuantitativo que evaluo los efectos de la instruccion en conciencia fonemica (CF) sobre el aprendizaje de la lectura y la escritura fue llevado a cabo por el Panel Nacional de Lectura (National Reading Panel). Se tomaron 52 estudios, publicados en revistas con referato, que aportaron 96 casos en los que se comparo el resultado de los grupos de tratamiento y de control. El analisis de las magnitudes del efecto revelo que el impacto de la instruccion en CF sobre el desarrollo de la CF en los ninos fue grande y estadisticamente significativo (d = 0.86). La instruccion en CF ejercio un impacto moderado, estadisticamente significativo en la lectura (d = 0.53) y escritura (d = 0.59). No solo se beneficio la lectura de palabras, sino tambien la comprension lectora. La instruccion en CF impacto en la lectura, en todas las condiciones examinadas, sin embargo las magnitudes del efecto fueron mayores en algunas condiciones. La instruccion en CF ayudo a distintos tipos de ninos: lectores de desarrollo normal, lectores de riesgo y lectores con dificultades; ninos de jardin, preescolar y primer grado; ninos de NSE bajo y ninos de NSE medio-alto. La instruccion en CF mejoro la lectura pero no la escritura en los lectores con dificultades. La instruccion en CF fue mas efectiva cuando se realizo con apoyo de las letras que cuando no se ensenaron las letras, cuando se ensenaron una o dos habilidades de CF que cuando se ensenaron multiples habilidades, cuando se insruyo a los ninos en pequenos grupos que cuando se realizo individualmente o en el aula y cuando la instruccion duro entre 5 y 18 horas que cuando abarco mas tiempo. Los docentes fueron eficaces en la ensenanza de la CF a los estudiantes. Las magnitudes del efecto fueron mayores en los estudios que utilizaron disenos experimentales mas rigurosos, con evaluaciones de rigor tomadas de Troia (1999). En suma, se hallo que la instruccion en CF constituye una contribucion significativa a la adquisicion de la lectura. Eine quantitative Meta-Analyse, welche Auswirkungen phonischen Aufnahmebewusseins (PA) beim Erlernen des Lesens und Buchstabierens bewertet, wurde vom Nationalen Lesegremium durchgefuhrt. Es wurden 52 Studien in von Lehrern rezensierten Fachzeitschriften publiziert und diese nannten 96 Falle, bei denen die Ergebnisse von Anwendungs- und Kontrollgruppen verglichen wurden. Die Analyse uber Wirksamkeitsausmase ergab, das der Einflus von PA-Anweisungen in der Unterstutzung der Kinder beim Erwerb von PA gros und statistisch bedeutend (d = 0.86) war. PA-Anweisungen ubten einen ausgleichenden, statitisch bedeutsamen Einflus aufs Lesen (d = 0.53) und Buchstabieren (d = 0.59) aus. Nicht nur das Lesen von Wortern, sondern auch das Leseverstandnis wurde begunstigt. PA-Anweisungen beeinflusten das Lesen unter all den untersuchten Bedingungen, obwohl die Ausmase der Auswirkungen bei einigen Bedingungen groser waren. PA-Anweisungen halfen unterschiedlich gearteten Kindern: normal sich entwickelnde Leser, sowie auch risikobedingte und behinderte Leser; Vorschuler, Kindergartenteilnehmer und Erstklassler; Kinder der unteren Gundschulstufen (SES) als auch mittlerer und hoherer Grundschulstufen (SES). PA-Anweisungen verbesserten das Lesen, nicht jedoch das Buchstabieren bei behinderten Lesern. PA-Anweisungen waren wirksamer, wenn sie zusammen mit den Buchstaben statt ohne Buchstaben unterrichtet wurden, wenn jeweils eine oder zwei PA-Fertigkeiten statt ein Mehrfaches an PA-Fertigkeiten unterrichtet wurde, wenn Kinder in kleinen Gruppen statt einzeln unterrichtet oder in Klassenraumen, und wenn der Unterricht insgesamt zwischen 5 und 18 Stunden andauerte, statt langfristiger. Klassenlehrer waren beim Unterricht von PA erfolgreich mit ihren Schulern. Das Wirkungsausmas war unter Nutzung strengerer Experimentierplane fur den Unterricht groser, mit den von Troia (1999) abgeleiteten straffen Bewertungen. Zusammengefast fand man, das die PA-Anweisung einen statistisch nachweisbar bedeutenden Beitrag zum Erwerb von Lesefertigkeiten leisten. Une meta-analyse quantitative pour evaluer les effets de l'enseignement de la conscience phonemique (CP) sur l'apprentissage de la lecture et de l'ecriture a ete conduite par la Commission Nationale de Lecture. Elle a porte sur 52 etudes publiees dans des journaux a comite de redaction ayant conduit a 96 etudes comparant les resultats de groupes experimentaux et controles. L'analyse de l'importance des effets revele que l'enseignement de la CP sur le developpement de la CP a un impact large et statistiquement significatif (d = 0.86). L'enseignement de la CP a un effet modere, statistiquement significatif (d = 0.53) sur l'ecriture (d = 0.59). Non seulement la lecture de mots en beneficie mais egalement la comprehension. L'enseignement de la CP a un impact sur la lecture dans toutes les conditions examinees, bien que la taille de l'effet soit plus large dans certaines conditions. L'enseignement de la CP est une aide pour differents types d'enfants: aussi bien pour ceux qui apprennent a lire normalement que pour les enfants a risque et pour ceux qui ont des difficultes; pour les enfants d'ecole maternelle ou de premiere annee de primaire: pour les enfants de milieu social defavorise aussi bien que pour ceux de classe moyenne. L'enseignement de la CP facilite le developpement de la lecture mais pas celui de l'ecriture chez les enfants en difficulte. L'enseignement de la CP a plus d'effet quand il a lieu avec des lettres que sans lettres, quand on enseigne une ou deux competences de CP que de multiples competences de CP, quand il a lieu en petit groupe que individuellement ou en salle de classe, et quand l'enseignement dureentre 5 et 18 heures plutot que plus longtemps. L'enseignement de la CP en classe par des enseignants est efficace. La taille des effets est plus grande quand les etudes utilisent des plans experimentaux plus rigoureux, et des evaluations rigoureuses provenant de Troia (1999). En bref, il apparait que l'enseignement de la CP apporte une contribution statistiquement significative a l'acquisition de la lecture.

1,376 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: The authors consider the relevance of the theory to explanations of childhood amnesia and how the theory accounts for and predicts the complex findings on adults' earliest memories, including individual, gender, and cultural differences.
Abstract: The authors present a multicomponent dynamic developmental theory of human autobiographical memory that emerges gradually across the preschool years. The components that contribute to the process of emergence include basic memory abilities, language and narrative, adult memory talk, temporal understanding, and understanding of self and others. The authors review the empirical developmental evidence within each of these components to show how each contributes to the timing, quantity, and quality of personal memories from the early years of life. The authors then consider the relevance of the theory to explanations of childhood amnesia and how the theory accounts for and predicts the complex findings on adults' earliest memories, including individual, gender, and cultural differences.

1,293 citations


Authors

Showing all 4229 results

NameH-indexPapersCitations
Paul Krugman123347102312
Arturo Casadevall12098055001
Haiyan Wang119167486091
David Harvey11573894678
Andrea Alù109113847717
Peter M. Groffman10645740165
Alex R. Piquero9557732295
John G. Watson9345331379
Adele L. Boskey9238927465
Barry J. Zimmerman8817756011
Robert R. Alfano86125233960
Walid Saad8574930499
Wayne Powell8030624828
Teresa J. Bandosz8046424499
William Bialek7925131837
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Performance
Metrics
No. of papers from the Institution in previous years
YearPapers
202316
202283
2021405
2020420
2019379
2018370