Showing papers by "Royal Society for the Protection of Birds published in 2022"
TL;DR: In this paper , a major QTL on chromosome arm 4BS was associated with reduced spike shattering and reduced plant height in coupling phase, and a second QTL associated with reducing spike shattering was detected on chromosome arms 5AL in the same wheat variety Carberry.
Abstract: Abstract Key message A major QTL on chromosome arm 4BS was associated with reduced spike shattering and reduced plant height in coupling phase, and a second major QTL associated with reduced spike shattering was detected on chromosome arm 5AL in the same wheat variety Carberry. Abstract Spike shattering can cause severe grain yield loss in wheat. Development of cultivars with reduced shattering but having easy mechanical threshability is the target of wheat breeding programs. This study was conducted to determine quantitative trait loci (QTL) associated with shattering resistance, and epistasis among QTL in the populations Carberry/AC Cadillac and Carberry/Thatcher. Response of the populations to spike shattering was evaluated near Swift Current, SK, in four to five environments. Plant height data recorded in different locations and years were used to determine the relationship of the trait with spike shattering. Each population was genotyped and mapped with the wheat 90 K Illumina iSelect SNP array. Main effect QTL were analyzed by MapQTL 6, and epistatic interactions between main effect QTL were determined by QTLNetwork 2.0. Correlations between height and shattering ranged from 0.15 to 0.49. Carberry contributed two major QTL associated with spike shattering on chromosome arms 4BS and 5AL, detected in both populations. Carberry also contributed two minor QTL on 7AS and 7AL. AC Cadillac contributed five minor QTL on 1AL, 2DL, 3AL, 3DL and 7DS. Nine epistatic QTL interactions were identified, out of which the most consistent and synergistic interaction, that reduced the expression of shattering, occurred between 4BS and 5AL QTL. The 4BS QTL was consistently associated with reduced shattering and reduced plant height in the coupling phase. The present findings shed light on the inheritance of shattering resistance and provide genetic markers for manipulating the trait to develop wheat cultivars.
3 citations
01 Jul 2022
TL;DR: In this paper , the authors examine why conversations can be difficult and provide examples within a veterinary context, and explore the role that emotions play and the associated nonverbal behaviours exhibited, and highlight how nonverbal communication can be used to better engage with others.
Abstract: Difficult conversations can happen in all aspects of daily life and can certainly take place during the working life of a farm animal veterinary surgeon. Conversations involve both verbal and nonverbal content. This article will examine why conversations can be difficult and provide examples within a veterinary context. It will explore the role that emotions play and the associated nonverbal behaviours exhibited. Finally, it will consider some ways to help manage emotions and highlight how nonverbal communication can be used to better engage with others, thus increasing the chance of positive outcomes for difficult conversations.