Showing papers by "Saint Mary's University published in 1977"

Geochemistry and origin of volcanic rocks of the Andes (26° 28°S)

Abstract: Mesozoic to Recent volcanic rocks from a transect of the Central Andes between latitudes 26 ° and 28 ° South in northern Chile and Argentina show chemical and temporal zonation with respect to the Peru-Chile trench. Jurassic to Eocene lavas occur closer to the trench and are comparable to calc-alkaline rocks of island arcs. Eastwards they are followed by Miocene to Quaternary sequences of typical continental margin calc-alkaline rocks which have higher contents of K, Rb, Sr, Ba, Zr, and REE and also higher K/Na and La/Yb ratios. The rocks occurring farthest from the trench have shoshonitic affinities. The distribution of major and trace elements is consistent with a model in which magmas were derived by anatexis of an upper mantle source already enriched in LILE and located above the descending oceanic slab. It is suggested that the chemical variations across the volcanic belt reflect systematic changes in the composition of the magmas due to a decreasing degree of partial melting with increasing depth, and probably also due to the heterogeneity of the source materials.

Kenneth Burke and the method of dramatism

Abstract: It is possible that sociologists have read the work of Kenneth Burke and found it neither important nor interesting, a One searches in vain for any expository treatment of his work in those journals read by sociologists, or indeed, for any expository treatment of the sociological importance of Burke in other journals. Yet Burke has been lurking in sociologists' footnotes since the 1930s, and recently his system, "Dramatism," has been promoted to equal rank with "Symbolic Interaction" and "Social Exchange" in the coverage given to these aspects of "Interaction" in the InternationalEneyelopedia o f the Social Scienees. ~ What are we to make of this?

A Comparative Study of Personnel Problems in International Companies and Joint Ventures in Japan

Abstract: This article reports upon a study of personnel problems encountered by expatriate and Japanese managers and executives in international companies and joint ventures operating in Japan. The findings are based upon the results of interviews and questionnaire responses from four subsamples of respondents. The major finding was that although both expatriates and Japanese managers identify a number of real personnel problems, with few exceptions, the problems are different for the two groups. An understanding of the essential elements of the Western and Japanese management systems helps us to understand the results. Secondary findings were that problems for expatriate managers were more apparent in international firms than joint ventures, and for expatriate American-owned firms than their Western European counterparts.

Kenneth Burke as Social Theorist

Abstract: A sociological reconstruction is made of the neglected œuvre of Kenneth Burke. His early period is presented through four propositions on verbal explanations as the motives for action in social orders. The later period is shown to treat the metaphorical relationships among major terms in frameworks of motives, especially explanations of “order.”

Children's Concepts of Good and Bad Behavior:

Abstract: Spontaneous definitions of good and bad acts were acquired from 30 children, ages 6 to 12 yr. As predicted, 15 younger children (M = 8 yr.) expressed concepts of good that were largely dependent up...

Hemispheric asymmetry in making absolute judgments of monaurally presented pure tones.

Abstract: Some recent studies have suggested that hemispheric asymmetry may be related to the quantity of information contained in a stimulus. To test this possibility, 20 subjects were given an auditory absolute-judgment task in which they were required to identify 3, 5, or 7 pure tones recorded on a tape. The presentation was monaural, and headphone placement was randomly alternated across subjects. The left ear showed a statistically significant advantage in identifying 5 tones and an insignificant advantage in identifying 3 or 7 tones. This result is discussed in terms of previous work on auditory channel-capacity and the desirability of using an absolute-judgment paradigm to study hemispheric asymmetry for other kinds of stimuli is indicated.

Retail Frozen Fishery Products—Proximate and Mineral Composition of the Edible Portion

Abstract: The edible portion of over 200 retail fishery products, including convenience type packs, was analyzed for sodium, potassium, phosphate, and proximate composition. Sodium levels were in the 50 to 100 mg/100g range, characteristic of low sodium foods, in unbrined products. However, up to half the samples of certain frozen products, particularly sole, Boston bluefish, cod and shellfish, were found to have been treated with brine or polyphosphate to control thaw drip, resulting in high sodium levels. Fish sticks, fish cakes, fried portions, etc. had high salt levels, about 500 mg Na per 100g. Lipid content was also high, averaging 6-9% in contrast to lipid contents of less than 1% in the important lean fish group. The precooked products averaged 12-13% protein, about 12-14% carbohydrate, and had energy values of about 180 cal. per 100g. These new data, especially on convenience foods, allow more accurate meal planning using fishery products.

Transactional Analysis: Another Way of Approaching OR/MS Implementation

Abstract: Churchman and Schainblatt and successive workers have approached the implementation of OR/MS recommendations as an interaction between the manager and the management scientist. Over the past decade, the transactional analysis T. A. approach has been applied widely to the study of two-person interactions and “games people play.” In this paper, the authors compare the T. A. approach with the above approach. We suggest that they are complementary, and speculate as to the value of T. A. and “game playing” in modelling the implementation and evolution of OR/MS in organizations.

Dynamic Programming Models of the Nonserial Critical Path-Cost Problem

Abstract: One of the major contributions to the planning and management of Research and Development organizations is the evolution of methods for dealing with PERT-Cost or CPM-Cost problems. Classically however, variations of the critical path-cost CPM-Cost problem, arising when different cost duration relationships are assumed, have been mostly studied via techniques other than dynamic programming. If the precedence relations possess a serial structure, one can develop two essentially equivalent dynamic programming formulations, of the resource allocation variety, by minimizing either the project cost or the completion time. When nonserial precedence relationships are involved, this problem cannot be solved by routine invocation of conventional dynamic programming formulations or algorithms. The intent of this paper is to show that efficient nonserial dynamic programming formulations can be developed for several complex nonserial CPM-Cost problem situations. In particular, the project time minimization procedure results in less complex dynamic programming models and is thus employed in this paper. Three recent computational reduction techniques based primarily on the introduction of the artifice of pseudo-tasks and pseudo-stages are invoked to treat different variations of this essentially nonserial critical path-cost problem. Considerable savings in computational requirements are achieved by consolidating all phases preceding a junction node prior to the invocation of the dynamic programming procedure. The advantages of these approaches over existing mathematical programming methods include their ability to handle nonlinear cost functions and constraints, as well as their highly efficient parametrization capabilities. Further, the complexity of the dynamic programming formulation does not, unlike other methods, increase with the number of phases tasks but only with the degree in which the additional tasks change the structure of the precedence relations.

Mineralogy of spinel peridotite inclusions of alkali basalts from Sardinia

Abstract: Alkali basalts of Pliocene-Quaternary age from Sardinia contain inclusions of spinel peridotites: Iherzolite, harzburgite-Iherzolite, wehrlite, and pyroxenite. Although the minerals of the basalts have distinctive chemical compositions, there are remarkable similarities in the compositions of olivine, orthopyroxene, and clinopyroxene of the inclusions. Chromian spinels show large variations in composition, although their Al contents show a good correlation with those of the coexisting orthopyroxene and clinopyroxene. The minerals of the inclusions are generally not zoned. However, the clinopyroxene of Iherzolites is zoned: the rims are higher in Mg and Ca and lower in Al and Na than the cores. Glass unrelated to the host basalt occurs in several specimens. The mineralogy of the inclusions, the chemistry of the minerals, and the composition of the glasses are consistent with the hypothesis that these spinel peridotite inclusions were originated by different degrees of partial melting of mantle material and were possibly re-equilibrated at different mantle depths.

Conformity in the rat: A leader's selection of door color versus a learned door-color discrimination.

Abstract: An analogue for studying conformity in nonhuman species was developed. Rats trained to follow a leader, which discriminated between black and white doors in a Y-maze, learned to follow and to discriminate between the black and white doors. When the incorrect or unrewarded door color was selected by substitute leaders, followers conformed on 60% of the trials.

K, U and Li abundances in ultramafic rocks of the Tethyan ophiolites

Abstract: K, U and Li have been determined in 28 ultramafic rocks of the Tethyan ophiolites from the Northern Apennines (Italy), the Hellenides (Greece) and the Dinarides (Yugoslavia). The analyzed rocks show a variable degree of serpentinization, which leads to an increase in the content of these elements. The behaviour of U during alteration of the ultramafic rocks differs from that of K and Li. The average original content of K, Li and U in the ultramafic rocks was about 15 ppm, 0.91 ppm, and <10 ppb.

Faculty evaluation as interpersonal reinforcement

Abstract: Summary.-The reinforcement principle, "We will like those who reward us; we will dislike those who punish us," was tested by comparing faculty evaluations and grades received by students. Data from a random sample of 37 courses suggest that the principle is valid, especially if ic is reformulated as "We will like chose whom we expect to reward us." Implications are discussed regarding design and use of faculty evaluations in colleges and universities. In discussing determinants of interpersonal attraction, Berscheid and Walstet (1969, p. 29) remark that the principle "We will like those who reward us; we will dislike those who punish us" is based on reinforcement theory. The difficulty in testing this principle, as they later point out (p. 31), is that "We have no equation which will permit us to add up all the rewards a stimulus person will provide and balance them against the punishment which he will inflict and thus arrive at a total reward index which will tell us how much others will like him." The evaluation of faculty by students which is now common in many colleges and universities (Brown, 1976) has good potential for dealing with the difficulty to which Berscheid and Walster (1969) have pointed. The grade an instructor gives to a student can be considered the "total reward index" of a student, and the evaluation the student gives in return to the instructor can be considered an index of the student's liking for the instructor. Both of these indices have the advantage of being real life measures, which are important to the respective recipients, rather than artificial measures collected only for research purposes.

Calc-alkaline volcanic rocks from NW Sardinia: Evaluation of a fractional crystallization model

Abstract: The volcanic centre of Monte Seda Oro, N. W. Sardinia, representative of a Cenozoic calc-alkaline andesitic suite of rocks is composed of a variety of rocks ranging from high alumina basalts to dacites. The minerals of basaltic, andesitic and dacitic rocks show only limited variation in chemical composition. The geochemical data suggest that the various rock-types are related by a crystal-liquid fractionation. Least-squate numerical calculations, using major element data, support the derivation of andesites with SiO3 content ranging from 53.8 to 59.0% from basalts having about 48.7% of SiO2 by low pressure crystal fractionation of the phenocryst phases present in these rocks. However, the origin of dacites cannot be readily explained by this mechanism.

Book Review : Graeme Salaman, Community and Occupation: An Exploration of Work/Leisure Relationships. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1974

Abstract: This book addresses an important question in the sociology of work: how much does work influence peoples’ lives, and, more generally, how important are occupations in the social structure of contemporary industrial society? Although this monograph has some methodological faults and some conceptual weaknesses, it is an innovative and theoretically suggestive work. Salaman observes that workers in certain occupations tend to form work-based &dquo;communities,&dquo; which he says occur when people have an occupationally based self-image; when their fellow workers constitute an important reference group; and when work-based interests, activities, and relationships are carried over into their lives outside the work situation. To simplify the propositions set forth in Community and Occupation, occupations are hypothesized to develop communities when individuals are highly &dquo;involved&dquo; in their work. Additionally, in order for &dquo;cosmopolitan&dquo; communities to develop (as in the case of several professions), men must be exposed to pervasive occupational normative control, or the occupa-