Showing papers by "University of Bergen published in 1974"
TL;DR: It would appear that the dorsal and median raphe nuclei project 5-HT fibers into the forebrain but not to the spinal cord, and hippocampal and striatal 5- HT inputs apparently originate chiefly in the median and dorsal raphe nucleus, respectively.
245 citations
TL;DR: A membrane colloid osmometer for measurement on samples down to 5 μl has been developed, and reduction of equilibration time to about 1 min was obtained by “priming” and flushing the membrane with serum ultrafiltrate.
Abstract: A membrane colloid osmometer for measurement on samples down to 5 μl has been developed. Pellucid acryl plastic is used for most parts of the osmometer, allowing visual inspection of the reference fluid chamber. The osmometer base is attached directly to a Hewlett-Packard pressure transducer, replacing the original dome of the transducer, thereby avoiding extra connections and leakage. The exposed membrane area has a diameter of 3 mm, and the membrane may be changed without completely disassembling the osmometer. With Amicon UM-10 membranes and 0.9 % saline as reference fluid, the equilibration time for measurements on human sera was 2–4 min. Reduction of equilibration time to about 1 min was obtained by “priming” and flushing the membrane with serum ultrafiltrate. Reproducible measurements were obtained on samples down to 4–5 μl.
143 citations
TL;DR: This article found that the direct p estimates are relatively independent of frequency judgments, the chief determinant being the properties of the particular sample to be evaluated, irrespective of the number and probabilities of other possible samples.
Abstract: .— When asked to estimate the probability of outcomes of draws from a binomial population, student subjects tend to report p values that clearly exceed the objective ones. The probability of specific binomial sequences was found to be even more overestimated, while the answers became much more conservative when the outcomes were grouped into a few categories. These findings were replicated in a second experiment, where the probability of heights in a male and a female student population was estimated. When the task was to estimate frequency of occurrence, instead of probability, the answers became more realistic. The conclusion is drawn that the direct p estimates are relatively independent of frequency judgments, the chief determinant being the properties of the particular sample to be evaluated, irrespective of the number and probabilities of other possible samples.
141 citations
TL;DR: A Sense-of-Humor Questionnaire was given to male and female students in social and physical sciences to test its construct validity and there were positive and significant correlations between the laughter-activating dimension (Mp) and each of the two laughter-inhibiting dimensions (Lp, and Ep).
Abstract: .— A Sense-of-Humor Questionnaire (SHQ), based on the proposed 3–dimensional theory of sense of humor, was given to male and female students in social and physical sciences to test its construct validity. There were positive and significant correlations between the laughter-activating dimension (Mp) and each of the two laughter-inhibiting dimensions (Lp, and Ep), the latter being zero correlated with each other. In a two-way analysis of variance (sex X science), the main effects were a sex difference on the Lp- as well as Ep-dimension, while no main effect was found on the Mp-dimension. The Lp-scores discriminated between men and women in the social sciences, and the Ep-scores in the physical sciences. All results are in agreement with theory.
140 citations
TL;DR: The subjective sampling distributions appeared to be unaffected by sample size (N=5 or 10) and number of outcomes, and were flatter than the corresponding "objective" sampling distributions as mentioned in this paper.
Abstract: .— Previous studies of sampling distributions have been conducted almost exclusively under the assumption that persons behave in accordance with the “fundamental convention” of probability, i.e. that the sum of all probability estimates will equal 1. When this assumption was tested by asking subjects to give “unrestricted” probability estimates of all possible outcomes of samples from a given population, a general tendency of overestimation made the sum of all probabilities exceed 1 to a considerable extent. The subjective sampling distributions appeared to be unaffected by sample size (N=5 or 10) and number of outcomes, and were flatter than the corresponding “objective” sampling distributions.
136 citations
TL;DR: The role of socialization experiences in the development of psychological differentiation is examined and it is hypothesized that within the pair of villages in each country children from the village which stressed social conformity would tend to be more field dependent and show other signs of less developed differentiation than children from a village in which social conformity was less emphasized.
Abstract: This study examined the role of socialization experiences in the development of psychological differentiation. In each of three countries (Holland, Italy, Mexico) two villages were selected as presenting a contrasting picture with regard to degree of emphasis on conformity to family, religious and political authority. It was hypothesized that within the pair of villages in each country children from the village which stressed social conformity would tend to be more field dependent and show other signs of less developed differentiation than children from the village in which social conformity was less emphasized. In each of the six villages approximately 100 children (boys and girls, aged 9–11 and 13–15) were studied. Differentiation was assessed by a battery of tests of field-dependence-independence and the figure-drawing test. In every comparison of mean test scores between pairs of villages, in each of the three countries, children from the village in which social conformity was stressed obtain...
114 citations
TL;DR: The frequency of hypodontia per se was a little higher in girls than in boys, and the girls were missing more teeth per individual, and neither the dental arch width nor the mesiodistal diameter of the teeth were significantly different in the hypodentia group compared to a control group without hypodrontia.
Abstract: This study describes the frequency of hypodontia among all the children of the same age group in a Norwegian municipality and reports variations of some dimensions of the dentition associated with hypodontia. Congenitally missing permanent teeth, not including third molars, were found in 7.1 per cent of the material at age seven, and in 6.6 per cent at age nine. The difference seemed to be due to insufficient mineralization of the second lower premolars in boys at age seven. The frequency of hypodontia per se was a little higher in girls than in boys, and the girls were missing more teeth per individual. Neither the dental arch width nor the mesiodistal diameter of the teeth were significantly different in the hypodontia group compared to a control group without hypodontia.
111 citations
TL;DR: The elimination of orthodontically produced hyalinized tissue in the marginal region of the periodontal ligament has been studied with the electron microscope and identification of the invading cells has been discussed in relation to current concepts of connective tissue cell differentiation.
Abstract: – The elimination of orthodontically produced hyalinized tissue in the marginal region of the periodontal ligament has been studied with the electron microscope. From a material of 67 rats in which the first molar had been moved buccally with a fixed appliance for a period of 30 min to 28 d, 20 specimens representing experimental periods of 48 h to 14 d revealed that the hyalinized structures disappeared concomitantly with an invasion of cells and blood vessels from the neighboring periodontal ligament. The removal of collagen, cell remnants and degraded vascular elements apparently was mediated by different forms of cellular activity. Breakdown of collagen fibrils was observed around cell processes as well as in inclusions within the cytoplasm of the invading pioneer cells. Penetration of new blood vessels seemed to be an important factor in the elimination of hyalinized tissue. Remnants of cells and erythrocytes were removed by phagocytic activity, while more extensive amorphous masses of vascular components were eliminated by foreign body giant cell activity. Identification of the invading cells has been discussed in relation to current concepts of connective tissue cell differentiation.
110 citations
TL;DR: The paper describes the lip morphology and treatment changes in two groups of boys with slight and marked overjets, indicating that prediction of soft tissue changes in an individual case is difficult.
Abstract: The paper describes the lip morphology and treatment changes in two groups of boys with slight (3–4 mm) and marked (8–10 mm) overjets.The results show that the initial morphological differences are...
102 citations
TL;DR: Halobacterium salinarium is a member of the Halobacteria, a group of obligate, extremely halophilic organisms requiring at least 15% NaCl in their growth media.
Abstract: Halobacterium salinarium is a member of the Halobacteria, a group of obligate, extremely halophilic organisms requiring at least 15% NaCl in their growth media No bacteriophage has previously been found in association with members of this group
100 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, it is suggested that consolidation-rate is a major factor influencing the NRM intensity in deep-sea sediments, and a positive correlation between NRM-intensities and water temperature during deposition is discussed.
TL;DR: In this article, the authors show that sulfate uptake and phase transitions are caused by interaction of ions with separate sites on or in the plasmalemma of barley roots.
Abstract: For sulfate uptake by barley roots, competition studies reveal that uptake and phase transitions are caused by interaction of ions with separate sites on or in the plasmalemma. Uptake is competitively, and unequally, inhibited by sulfate analogues but not by other divalent anions. In contrast, divalent phosphate and di- and trivalent pyrophosphate are equally effective in causing transitions. Phosphate is taken up mainly or entirely as H2PO4− by a similar but separate multiphasic mechanism. At pH 8, sulfate uptake is mediated by fewer phases than at low and intermediate pH.
TL;DR: Sera from 54 blood donors and 56 healthy children were examined for antibodies reacting with sheep erythrocytes sensitized with purified lipopolysaccharide from Bacteroides fragilis, Bactroides melaninogenicus, and Fusobacterium nucleatum; the antibodies were sensitive to reductive cleavage by 2-mercaptoethanol and were specific for lipopoly Saccharides from each of the three bacterial species.
Abstract: Sera from 54 blood donors and 56 healthy children were examined for antibodies reacting with sheep erythrocytes sensitized with purified lipopolysaccharide from Bacteroides fragilis, Bacteroides melaninogenicus, and Fusobacterium nucleatum. Antibodies were detected in sera from most subjects within all age groups; the titers ranged from 10 to 320. The antibodies were sensitive to reductive cleavage by 2-mercaptoethanol and were specific for lipopolysaccharide from each of the three bacterial species. Antibodies were not found in samples of 10 umbilical cord sera.
TL;DR: While the midbrain raphe appears to be involved in the regulation of water intake and some behavioral responses to painful stimuli, lesions in these nuclei and reduction of telencephalic 5-HT are not sufficient to block morphine analgesia.
Abstract: Rats with lesions in the median raphe nucleus (MR group) or in both the dorsal and median raphe nuclei (R group) were compared with operated control animals on the following measures: telencephalic serotonin (5-HT) concentration; daily water consumption; acquisition of a two-way conditioned avoidance response; and morphine analgesia. Both lesions produced significant reductions in telencephalic 5-HT, reaching 33% in the MR group and 57% in the R group. Transient increases in water intake were observed in both groups, being more prolonged and of greater magnitude in the R group. On the other hand, facilitated shuttlebox avoidance learning was observed only in the R group. Neither lesion affected pain sensitivity or morphine (3–9 mg/kg) analgesia as measured by the hot-plate technique. Therefore, while the midbrain raphe appears to be involved in the regulation of water intake and some behavioral responses to painful stimuli, lesions in these nuclei and reduction of telencephalic 5-HT are not sufficient to block morphine analgesia.
TL;DR: The pteropodal (aragonite) lysocline corresponds to the 3200m isobath as discussed by the authors, which is the upper limit of the Antarctic Bottom Water.
TL;DR: A native radiolarian fauna in Korsfjorden is augmented every spring by species introduced by the influx of Atlantic water, and diversity and redundancy values have been calculated and discussed.
Abstract: Radiolarians with well developed skeleton from monthly plankton samples taken between November 1969 and May 1971 in Korsfjorden were studied. The taxonomy and vertical zonation of the five most common species: Echinomma leptodermum, Cromyechinus borealis, Lithomelissa setosa, Protocystis tridens, and Challengeron diodon are discussed. A native radiolarian fauna in Korsfjorden is augmented every spring by species introduced by the influx of Atlantic water. Diversity and redundancy values have been calculated and discussed. The maximum occurrence was in late summer and early autumn and has been tried correlated in time with maximum occurrence of other dominating plankton groups.
TL;DR: In this article, the spin-orbit coupling constants of neutral atoms and monopositive ions were determined from spectral data for several neutral atoms, and the Slater-Condon parameters F2 and G1 were derived.
Abstract: The spin-orbit coupling constants ζ
nl
and the Slater-Condon parameters F
2 and G
1 are determined from spectral data for several neutral atoms and monopositive ions.
TL;DR: Des cellules «mast» ont été observées dans les lobes olfactifs, dans le thalamus and dans la région de l'habénula of l'épithalamus chez le rat adulte, et dans the pie-mère dorsale du diencéphale chezLe rat nouveau-né de 6 jours.
Abstract: Des cellules «mast» ont ete observees dans les lobes olfactifs, dans le thalamus et dans la region de l'habenula de l'epithalamus chez le rat adulte, et dans la pie-mere dorsale du diencephale chez le rat nouveau-ne de 6 jours. La teneur en histamine de ces cellules pourrait expliquer la presence de la plus grande partie de l'histamine observee par d'autres auteurs dans la region du thalamus chez le rat adulte et au moins la moitie de la teneur totale en histamine dans la cervelle des rats nouveau-nes.
TL;DR: V Vesiculated axons were found in close relation to the catecholamine-storing endothelial cells, and it is suggested that these fibres may cause a release of catecholine from the moderately dense bodies, capable of affecting the contractility of the myocardium.
TL;DR: An area in the parameter space where autonomous oscillations will occur for one specific model is found analytically and this result is confirmed by computer simulations.
TL;DR: Pteridium aquilinum has a deciduous exosporium and Divergent descriptions in the earlier literature may be caused by the use of unripe material or by obscurities in the taxonomy.
Abstract: The key is mainly based on characters of the exosporium Pteridium aquilinum has a deciduous exosporium Divergent descriptions in the earlier literature may be caused by the use of unripe material or by obscurities in the taxonomy
TL;DR: Cytochrome b-561, an integral heme protein of the adrenal chromaffin granule membrane, has been solubilized and isolated in highly purified and water soluble form by an non-ionic detergent procedure and indicated that the cytochrome exists in an aggregated form in aqueous solution.
TL;DR: This work describes the variations in craniofacial morphology in individuals with congenially missing permanent teeth with relation to facial prognathism, jaw development and inclination of the incisor teeth.
Abstract: This work describes the variations in craniofacial morphology in individuals with congenially missing permanent teeth with relation to facial prognathism, jaw development and inclination of the incisor teeth. Both sexes displayed significantly less upper jaw prognathism in individuals with hypodontia compared to the controls, and a less maxillary length as well. This finding was independent of whether the congenitally missing teeth were situated in the upper or the lower jaw. The upper incisors displayed greater anterior inclination in the individuals with hypodontia of both sexes.
TL;DR: Evidence was given that IgA was largely responsible for the fecal agglutinin activity, and Isoagglutinins in human milk to blood group antigens A and B were recovered in feces from infants receiving this milk, regardless of the infants' own blood group.
Abstract: Concentrations of human immunoglobulins in extracts of feces from infants receiving human milk were higher than in feces from infants fed bovine milk. This was most valid for IgA. The antibody activity, tested with agglutinins to rabbit erythrocytes as markers, was also higher in feces from 1-month-old infants fed human milk than in feces from infants given bovine milk. No difference in agglutinin activity was found later in infancy, Isoagglutinins in human milk to blood group antigens A and B were recovered in feces from infants receiving this milk, regardless of the infants' own blood group. Gel filtration studies, as well as inhibition of agglutination and antiglobulin test, gave evidence that IgA was largely responsible for the fecal agglutinin activity. Unlike human milk in which also IgM reacted with rabbit erythrocytes, shown by immunization of rabbits, only IgA in the fecal extracts seemed to have such activity. IgA antibodies in human milk will thus retain some of their activity with passage through the infant gut
TL;DR: The morphology of the satellite cells indicates a more active function than that of a dormant reserve myoblast, and processes towards the intercellular space and towards the interior of the muscle fiber are described.
Abstract: The myosatellite cells in the axial muscles of the sharkGaleus melastomus is found more frequently in the red muscle fibers than in the white fibers. The total length of the cell extensions is about 100 μm. In about 20% of all cases, the extensions were present in pairs, and it is concluded that the satellite cell processes bifurcate. Processes towards the intercellular space and towards the interior of the muscle fiber are also described. The cytoplasm of the satellite cells contain glycogen, Golgi elements, lysosome-like vesicles, granular endoplasmic reticulum and microtubules. It is concluded that the morphology of the satellite cells indicates a more active function than that of a dormant reserve myoblast.
TL;DR: The present report shows that dopamine /3-hydroxylase catalyzes high rates of hydroxylation with redox potentials much higher than for ascorbate, which is consistent with a ping-pong kinetic mechanism.
TL;DR: The food-capturing organ is the inhalant siphon, which can be suddenly protruded towards potential prey such as copepods and ostracods, while simultaneously a strong inhalant current is created.
Abstract: The septibranch bivalves Cuspidaria rostrata and Cuspidaria obesa are carnivores. The food-capturing organ is the inhalant siphon, which can be suddenly protruded towards potential prey such as copepods and ostracods, while simultaneously a strong inhalant current is created. When the septum is rapidly contracted blood is forced from mantle sinuses into the rostral and siphonal sinuses, causing the protrusion of the inhalant siphon. The septal contraction also leaves negative pressure in the infra-septal palliai chamber and produces the inhalant current. The stimulus for the directional food-capturing response is a low-frequently vibration which acts upon mechanoreceptors situated in the siphonal tentacles. Small crustaceans are the most frequent prey. Protein digestion is initiated extracellularly in the stomach.
TL;DR: In this paper, a conceptual scheme for predicting laughter is proposed based on three dimensions of the comic situation: (1) the humorous message, (2) the interpersonal likings, and (3) the permissiveness towards actual laughter.
Abstract: .— Humor is a strategem for relating the collective social reality of a group of persons (the rational world) to their personal imaginations of alternative social worlds, meanings, or identities (the irrational world). The humorist is committed to the rational world. At the same time he permits idiosyncratic phantasies to occur within the social context if they are accompanied by an explicit message saying that the performance is made for fun. By such communications the rational social world is kept stable as well as more tolerable. The comical situation is composed of three essential elements: (1) the message, (2) the audience, and (3) the target or content treated by the message. The message brings the target to the irrational level, where it is brought into disrespect in favor of the alliance between the humorist and his audience. Laughter is the announcement that the disrespect is accepted just for fun. A person may, however, keep a straight face for different reasons. A conceptual scheme is proposed for prediction of laughter. It is based upon three dimensions of the comic situation: (1) the humorous message, (2) the interpersonal likings, and (3) the permissiveness towards actual laughter. The corresponding personal dispositions are the habitual sensitivity to such messages, the habitual tendency to favor comical situations and persons, and the habitual need for emotional-impulse control. Suggestions are made as to the modification of laughter by constellations of high and low values on these variables.
Abstract: The experimentally determined equilibrium curves for the subsolidus olivineplagioclase reaction fall into two groups: those with positive slopes (dP/dT) that suggest reaction during cooling, and those with zero slopes that imply reaction by increase of pressure. Corona structures were developed in the mafic cumulates of northern Norway at different times during Caledonian almandine amphibolite facies metamorphism, as individual intrusions cooled from solidus temperatures. Unless pressure increases coincided fortuitously with subsolidus cooling, these relationships suggest that the positive-slope models are most analogous to natural systems.