Showing papers by "University of Hartford published in 1981"
52 citations
TL;DR: A strong positive association between masculinity and delinquency is on important assumption in theories which explain why males are more delinquent than females and females are becoming increasingly delinquent as discussed by the authors.
Abstract: A strong positive association between masculinity and delinquency is on important assumption in theories which explain why (1) males are more delinquent than females and (2) females are becoming increasingly delin-quent. Self-report measures obtained from 1002 junior and senior high school students from a large Southeastern city constitute the data for an examination of the first of these relationships. Factor analytic procedures were used to identify the components of masculinity: leadership, aggressive-ness, competitiveness, ambitiousness, and successfulness. Separate models of masculinity, opportunity, attachment to conventional others, and belief in the moral validity of low are constructed for status, property, and aggressive offenses. For females, masculinity has no direct effects on any type of delinquency. For males, masculinity is directly related only to status offenses. The results are inconsistent with analyses of females' delinquency that emphasize their adoption of masculine characteristics.
26 citations
TL;DR: A series of linear aliphatic and cycloaliphatic bisnadimides of structure has been prepared and polymerized thermally to give highly crosslinked moisture-resistant laminating resins as discussed by the authors.
Abstract: A series of linear aliphatic and cycloaliphatic bisnadimides of structure
has been prepared and polymerized thermally to give highly crosslinked moisture-resistant laminating resins. Cyclopentadiene is evolved by retrograde Diels–Alder reaction during processing, but most is captured by copolymerization. Moisture resistance increases as chain length increases for the homologous series of straight-chain polybisnadimides.
24 citations
TL;DR: Female mice in three reproductive states encountered a male intruder in the female's home cage and females exhibited significantly more aggressive and less submissive behaviors than males.
19 citations
TL;DR: The relationship of gender roles to delinquency illustrates the taken-for-granted assumption that as role expectations of people become more alike, their behavior becomes more similar as discussed by the authors, which illustrates the assumption that gender roles are correlated with delinquency.
Abstract: Theory about the relationship of gender roles to delinquency illustrates the taken-for-granted assumption that as role expectations of people become more alike, their behavior becomes more similar....
15 citations
TL;DR: It is suggested that cell proliferation in the tissue of origin of acute lymphatic leukemia occurs in stages: rapid stem cell proliferation from before birth to age 3, an exponential decline in incidence form age 3 to 34, a low and constant rate of incidence from age 34 to 60, and a slight increase in incidence at ages greater than 60.
15 citations
TL;DR: This article posited that the social context and the characteristics of both the social situation and the model will affect modeling behavior and that such influences operate through three cognitive processes: attention-instigation, behavior discrimination, and information via model characteristics.
Abstract: Social learning theory assumes that modeled behavior serves as information which the observer acquires via symbolic representations rather than specific stimulus-response associations, it would appear, then, that this process should follow rules governing social communication. it is also to be expected that the social context and the characteristics of both the social situation and the model will affect modeling behavior. It is posited in this paper that such influences operate through three cognitive processes: attention-instigation, behavior discrimination, and information via model characteristics.
8 citations
TL;DR: This article investigated the efficacy of including peer interaction in television advertising directed to children and found that this variable provides increased liking for commercials, but does not affect product desirability, and concluded that the effect of peer interaction on ad ratings was negligible.
Abstract: This study investigated the efficacy of including peer interaction in television advertising directed to children. Results suggest that this variable provides increased liking for commercials, but does not affect product desirability.
6 citations
TL;DR: This article explored models of gender identity that incorporate post-childhood change and identified potential differences in patterns of influence by parents, on the one hand, and by peers on the other hand.
Abstract: Traditional approaches to the development of gender identity concentrate on early childhood as the critical period for shaping self-images. Often masculinity and femininity are seen as quite stable and unchanging. This literature suffers from a restrictive focus on parent-child influences, especially so since in contemporary society children quickly move out from under parents' exclusive circle of control. Yet researchers interested in adolescence do not systematically explore models of gender identity that incorporate postchildhood change. Neither do they distinguish sufficiently potential differences in patterns of influence by parents, on the one hand, and by peers on the
6 citations
TL;DR: The ratio of reproducibility to percentage normal dispersion is proposed as an index of the probability of correctly interpreting an individual result, which varies in order: fasting plasma glucose concentration>3-h>2-h>.
Abstract: Time points in the glucose tolerance test (GTT) are compared on the basis of limit values, dispersion within a reference population, and reproducibility. We suggest using the distance between a limit value and the median reference value as a measure of the magnitude of abnormality. The distance between 140 mg/100 ml and the median fasting plasma glucose value is chosen as a standard distance and limits for other points in the GTT are calculated to equal this standard distance of abnormality. We suggest that the probability of correctly interpreting an inividual result is directly related to the reproducibility of the test and inversely related to the percentage of the total range of values which is dispersed among the normal population. The ratio of reproducibility to percentage normal dispersion is proposed as an index of the probability of correctly interpreting an individual result. According to this index, the probability of correct interpretation varies in order: fasting plasma glucose concentration>3-h>2-h>0.5-h>1-h plasma glucose concentration.
5 citations
TL;DR: This article found that parents' social class was the best predictor of adolescents' perceptions of the importance of the debates, whereas media exposure patterns and family and social environments were the best predictors of the adolescents' ability to attribute victory to one of the candidates.
Abstract: On the day immediately following their viewing of the first Carter‐Ford televised debate, 156 junior‐high‐school students were interviewed to determine the role of interpersonal communication, media exposure patterns, and family and social environments in the prediction of perceptions of victory and learning about the candidates by adolescents. It was found that parents' social class was the best predictor of adolescents' perceptions of the importance of the debates, whereas the best predictor of the. students' ability to attribute victory to one of the candidates was interpersonal communication prior to and immediately following the telecast. Results are discussed in terms of previous findings, which reflect low importance of the debates in political socialization.
TL;DR: Observations suggest that cGMP and cAMP are involved in the mobilization of nutrient reserves and in ion transport during dormancy release and development from gemmules in freshwater sponges.
Abstract: The spongillid freshwater sponges asexually produce an encapsulated dormant stage, the gemmule. With release from dormancy, internal, yolk-laden, binucleate thesocytes differentiate into histoblasts or archeocytes. The histoblasts emerging first from the gemmule form the initial pinacoderm of the hatching sponge. Immunohistochemistry was employed to examine the distribution of cyclic GMP (cGMP) and cyclic AMP (cAMP) following dormancy release and during gemmule germination and hatching in the freshwater sponge, Spongilla lacustris L. Cyclic nucleotide fluorescence patterns were analyzed in relation to the distribution of cytochemically demonstrable macromolecular constituents and intracellular organelles. Twenty-four hours following temperature-activated release from dormancy, cGMP fluorescence levels are elevated in thesocytes at the gemmule periphery prior to histoblast formation. The cAMP fluorescence in the gemmule also occurs first in those thesocytes differentiating into histoblasts. Cytochemical patterns in germinating gemmules are comparable with those described by Ruthmann ('65) and Tessenow ('69). However, cytochemically demonstrable events of cytodifferentiation follow the earlier appearance of cGMP and cAMP in the histoblast precursors by approximately 12 hours. In addition, cGMP appears to be associated with the membranes of cytoplasmic organelles, possibly lysosomes or lipid inclusions, in the region of vitelline platelets and with symbiotic algae. cAMP is located primarily on the membranes of the vitelline platelets and on membranes of vacuoles involved in forming the spicular skeleton These observations suggest that cGMP and cAMP are involved in the mobilization of nutrient reserves and in ion transport during dormancy release and development from gemmules in freshwater sponges.
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors investigated the effectiveness of scalar or root classification systems, inductive or deductive content sequences, and kinetic or verbal coding processes on identifying harmonic functions.
Abstract: The purpose of the study was to investigate the effectiveness of scalar or root classification systems, inductive or deductive content sequences, and kinetic or verbal coding processes on identifying harmonic functions. An aural identification test battery that consists of root position and root position/inversion subtests was designed by the investigator to serve as criterion measures. Multivariate analysis of variance was used to analyze the results of the study. Only the main effects for classification systems were found to be significant on the multivariate test. Separate univariate analyses indicated that the scalar classification groups obtained significantly higher mean scores on both criterion measures. Thus, a scalar classification system appears to be a more effective procedure for teaching the aural identification of harmonic functions.