Showing papers by "University of Jyväskylä published in 1970"

Carbon-13 chemical shifts of bicyclic compounds

Abstract: 13C NMR absorption spectra of 50 bicyclic hydrocarbons, alcohols and ketones have been measured, in addition to some terpenes. The 13C chemical shifts are approximately additive for similar compounds and can be used for the determination of molecular structure; they differ for endo- and exo-isomers, just as in proton spectra. These quite regular and predictable 13C shift differences are much larger and are caused by the 1,4-nonbonded interaction between atoms heavier than hydrogen, not by magnetic anisotropy effects.

A Framework for Children’s Participatory Practices in Virtual Worlds

Abstract: In recent years, participation of children in virtual worlds has grown and children are also the largest number of users of virtual worlds (KZero, 2009a). This growth in participation in virtual worlds has brought out discussion about their effects on children’s lives. In this article, we consider opportunities of virtual worlds to engage and educate children about their civic life. The aim of this paper is to establish a framework for participation in virtual worlds and to test the framework by looking at current participatory practices in virtual worlds. In this paper we present a framework for children’s participation in virtual worlds which is based on research review. Our framework sees children in virtual worlds as social actors, learners of civic participation and as citizens. Results of a survey conducted to find the participatory practices of children in virtual worlds are also presented. The results indicate that children are highly interested in socializing with friends and engaging in avatar related activities. It was also found that traditional forms of civic participation are not very common in virtual worlds. Thus, there is a need to promote traditional forms of civic participation and at the same time look at new opportunities presented by virtual worlds for civic participation.

Levels of118Sn populated in the decay of118In and118Sb isomers

Abstract: Gamma-rays in the disintegration of 5.0 s (1+), 8.5 s (7−, 8−), and 4.4 min (4+, 5+)118In isomers and of 3.5 min (1+) and 5.1 h (8−)118Sb isomers have been investigated using Ge(Li) detectors and Ge(Li)-NaI(Tl) coincidence spectrometers. The decay schemes of these isomers have been constructed incorporating 17 levels in the product nucleus,118Sn, at the following energies (in keV): 0 (0+), 1229.5 (2+), 1757.5 (0+), 2043.1 (2+), 2056.4 (0+), 2280.3 (4+), 2321.3 (5−), 2326.4 (1+, 2+), 2402.7 (4+), 2488.8 (4+), 2496.5 (0+), 2575.2 (7−), 2677.3, 2733.7 (2+), 2929.8, 2963.5 (4+), and 3137.1 (0+). The structure of118Sn is briefly discussed in view of results from recent quasiparticle-model calculations.

Highly Robust but Surface-Active: N-Heterocyclic Carbene-Stabilized Au25 Nanocluster as a Homogeneous Catalyst

Abstract: Surface organic ligands play a critical role in stabilizing atomically precise metal nanoclusters in solutions. However, it is still challenging to prepare highly robust ligated metal nanoclusters that are surface-active for liquid-phase catalysis without any pre-treatment. Herein, we report a novel N-heterocyclic carbine-stabilized Au25 nanocluster with high thermal and air stabilities as a homogenous catalyst for cycloisomerization of alkynyl amines to indoles. The nanocluster, characterized as [Au25(iPr2-bimy)10Br7]2+ (iPr2-bimy=diisopropyl-benzilidazolium) (1), was synthesized by direct reduction of AuSMe2Cl and iPr2- bimyAuBr with NaBH4 in one pot. X-ray crystallization analysis revealed that the cluster comprises two centered Au13 icosahedra sharing a vertex. Cluster 1 is highly stable and can survive in solution at 80 oC for 12 h, which is superior to Au25 nanoclusters passivated with phosphines or thiols. DFT computations reveal the origins of both electronic and thermal stability of 1 and point to the probable catalytic sites. This work provides new insights into the bonding capability of N-heterocyclic carbene to gold in a cluster, and offers an opportunity to probe the catalytic mechanism at the atomic level.

Fenomenografia ja variaatioteoria aikuiskasvatustieteen tutkimuksessa

Abstract: Aikuiskasvatuksen tutkimusmenetelmia: Aikuiskasvatuksen asiantuntijat esittelevat aikuiskasvatustieteen tutkimusmenetelmia ja nakokulmia tutkimukseen.

Ethnological research and teaching at the university of jyväskylä

Abstract: Publisher Summary This chapter presents ethnological research and teaching at the University of Jyvaskyla. The center of the administrative district of Central Finland, Jyvaskyla, is located in the center of the population of Finland, somewhat north of the place where three large water routes empty into the northern end of Finland's longest lake, Paijanne. Higher Finnish-speaking culture was now even officially acknowledged, which, among other things, led to the situation in which one of the main strongholds of the new culture received its location in Jyvaskyla, which from time to time competed successfully with the capital city for the position of the Finnish-speaking cultural center. In 1858, Finland's first Finnish-language secondary school was founded in Jyvaskyla. In 1863, Finland's first college for elementary school teachers was founded and first Finnish-language college preparatory girls' school a year later. In the year 1863, the Society for the Advancement of Public Education, which has a significant place in the cultural history of Finland, was founded in Jyvaskyla. Although many of the studies of the Ethnological Institute of the University of Jyvaskyla fall outside the scope of normal ethnology such as the lake study in which the starting point is an element of nature rather than that of culture, they still have the rationality that ethnology can outline a picture of the present by experimenting from all aspects.