Showing papers by "University of South Australia published in 1974"
TL;DR: This paper found that losing fans were more likely to judge that their team received fewer "free kicks" (i.e. beneficial penalties) than their opponents, to believe that the outcome was attributable to external factors (luck or poor umpiring), and to see dirty play initiated by the opposing team.
Abstract: Spectators were interviewed immediately following two football games to examine mechanisms of rationalization used by fans when their team loses. After both games fans of the losing team, in comparison with supporters of the winning team and nonpartisan spectators, were more likely to judge that their team received fewer “free kicks” (i.e. beneficial penalties) than their opponents, to believe that the outcome was attributable to external factors (luck or poor umpiring), and to “see” dirty play, initiated in particular by the opposing team. There was also a tendency, significant for one game, slight for the other, for losing fans to give lower ratings of the umpire and to give lower ratings of the standard of the game than fans of the winner. Differences between losers' reactions at the two games were related to the narrow margin of defeat at one, the wide margin at the other. The findings were discussed in terms of the reference group function that accompanies allegiance to a sporting team as we...
63 citations
27 citations
TL;DR: In this article, the nonlinear interaction of two torsional hydromagnetic waves propagating in opposite directions in a cylindrical plasma waveguide was studied and experimental observations were reported.
2 citations