ACM Transactions on Applied Perception 

About: ACM Transactions on Applied Perception is an academic journal published by Association for Computing Machinery. The journal publishes majorly in the area(s): Computer science & Perception. It has an ISSN identifier of 1544-3558. Over the lifetime, 35 publications have been published receiving 130 citations. The journal is also known as: Transactions on applied perception & TAP.

Analysing the Usability of a Design Rationale Notation

Abstract: Semiformal, argumentation-based notations are one of the main classes of formalism currently being used to represent design rationale (DR). However, our understanding of the demands on designers of using such representations has to date been drawn largely from informal and anecdotal evidence. One way to tackle the fundamental challenge of reducing DR’s representational overheads, is to understand the relationship between designing, and the idea structuring tasks introduced by a semiformal DR notation. Empirically based analyses of DR in use can therefore inform the design of the notations in order to turn the structuring effort to the designers’ advantage. This is the approach taken in this chapter, which examines how designers use a DR notation during design problem solving. Two empirical studies of DR-use are reported, in which designers used the QOC notation (MacLean et al., this volume) to express rationale for their designs. In the first study, a substantial and consistent body of evidence was gathered, describing the demands of the core representational tasks in using QOC, and the variety of strategies which designers adopt in externalising ideas. The second study suggests that an argumentation-based design model based around laying out discrete, competing Options is inappropriate during a depth-first, ‘evolutionary’ mode of working, centered around developing a single, complex Option. In addition, the data provide motivation for several extensions to the basic QOC notation. The chapter concludes by comparing the account of the QOC–design relationship which emerges from these studies, with reports of other DR approaches in use. 1. THE NEED FOR EMPIRICAL STUDIES OF DR IN USE 2. THE STUDIES: DESIGNERS, TRAINING, AND TASKS 3. CORE REPRESENTATIONAL TASKS IN QOC-AUTHORING 3.1. QOC authoring as an opportunistic activity 3.2. Classifying ideas 3.3. Naming and renaming 3.4. Structuring and restructuring 3.5. Summary 4. PROBLEMS USING QOC IN ‘EVOLUTIONARY’ DESIGN: TRYING TO ARGUE ABOUT ONE OPTION? 4.1. Difficulties encountered with QOC constructs Questions Options Criteria 4.2. Characterising the relationship between QOC and the two modes of designing 5. QOC’S EXPRESSIVENESS 5.1. Representing evolution within QOC structures 5.2. Expressing constraints and dependencies 5.3. The subtleties of expressing Options, Criteria, and Assessments 6. RELATIONSHIP TO REPORTS OF OTHER DR APPROACHES IN USE 7. CONCLUSIONS 8. REFERENCES

Optical data processing : applications

Abstract: What do you do to start reading optical data processing applications ? Searching the book that you love to read first or find an interesting book that will make you want to read? Everybody has difference with their reason of reading a book. Actuary, reading habit must be from earlier. Many people may be love to read, but not a book. It's not fault. Someone will be bored to open the thick book with small words to read. In more, this is the real condition. So do happen probably with this optical data processing applications .

Anatomy and Physiology of Metabotropic Glutamate Receptors in Mammalian and Avian Auditory System.

Abstract: Glutamate, as the major excitatory neurotransmitter used in the vertebrate brain, activates ionotropic and metabotropic glutamate receptors (iGluRs and mGluRs), which mediate fast and slow neuronal actions, respectively. mGluRs play important modulatory roles in many brain areas, forming potential targets for drugs developed to treat brain disorders. Here, we review studies on mGluRs in the mammalian and avian auditory system. Although anatomical expression of mGluRs in the cochlear nucleus has been well characterized, data for other auditory nuclei await more systematic investigations especially at the electron microscopy level. The physiology of mGluRs has been extensively studied using in vitro brain slice preparations, with a focus on the auditory circuitry in the brainstem. These in vitro physiological studies have demonstrated that mGluRs participate in synaptic transmission, regulate ionic homeostasis, induce synaptic plasticity, and maintain the balance between Excitation and Inhibition (E/I) in a variety of auditory structures. However, the modulatory roles of mGluRs in auditory processing remain largely unclear at the system and behavioral levels, and the functions of mGluRs in auditory disorders remain entirely unknown.