Showing papers in "Acta Veterinaria Brno in 2005"

Effects of Clove Oil Anaesthesia on Rainbow Trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss)

Abstract: Veli‰ek J., Z. Svobodova, V. Piaakova: Effects of Clove Oil Anaesthesia on Rainbow Trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss). Acta Vet. Brno 2005, 74: 139-146. The aim of the study was to investigate acute toxicity of clove oil for rainbow trout and, using values of haematological and biochemical profiles of blood and histological tissue examinations, to assess the effects of the fish exposure to that anaesthetic. Acute toxicity values of clove oil for rainbow trout found were 10 min LC50 81.1 mg·l -1 ; 10 min LC0.1 63.9 mg·l -1 ; 10 min LC99.9 100.1 mg·l-1; 96 h LC50 14.1 mg·l-1; 96 h LC0.1 12.5 mg·l-1, and 96 h LC99.9 16.2 mg·l-1. Clove oil anaesthesia had no effect on the heamatological profile of blood. A significant increase in the concentration of glucose (GLU) and ammonia (NH 3 ), and a significant decrease in the aspartate aminotransferase (AST) activity following a 10 min anaesthesia were found. A significantly decreased AST activity was also found 24 h after anaesthesia. Clove oil anaesthesia had no effect on other biochemical indices. Histological examination of the fish following anaesthesia revealed sporadic ectasia in gill lamellae 24 h after anaesthesia in 20% of fish. No histopathological changes were demonstrated in other tissues (liver, spleen, cranial and caudal kidneys). Results of the examinations suggest that the use of clove oil at a concentration of 30 mg·l -1 does

Nitrite Poisoning of Fish in Aquaculture Facilities with Water-recirculating Systems

Abstract: Svobodova, Z., J. Machova, G. Poleszczuk, J. HUda, J. Hamaakova, H. Kroupova: Nitrite Poisoning of Fish in Aquaculture Facilities with Water-recirculating Systems. Acta Vet Brno 2005, 74: 129-137. Three cases of severely compromised fish health and death in newly commissioned aquaculture facilities with water-recirculating systems are described. The cause of the damage and death was increased concentrations of water-borne nitrites and the subsequent methaemoglobinemia. The aim of the study was to better understand the aetiology of these cases of poisoning to help prevent them, and to examine effects of some water quality parameters on nitrite toxicity. The increased NO 2 - concentrations in water were caused by impaired functionality of biological filters in the second stage of nitrification, i.e. the conversion of NO2 - to NO3 - . Chloride concentrations in water were considered the main factor influencing NO 2 - toxicity in all of the cases described. In the case of death of catfish and tench, the Cl - to N-NO2 - weight ratios were in the range of 13 - 28 and 11 19, respectively. In the case of tilapia health impairment without symptoms of toxicity, the ratios were between 50 and 150. In the water tank inflow, the Cl - to N-NO2 - weight ratios were between 2000 and 10000. Blood methaemoglobin levels of catfish and tench (severe symptoms of poisoning) and of tilapia (no signs of impairment, only brownish discolouration of gills) were over 80% and 21%, respectively). In order to minimize risks in culture of fish in water-recirculating systems, it is necessary to choose a proper stock of fish and a proper feeding ratio, not to treat the fish with antibiotics in the form of baths, to check meticulously the quality of water. In case of increasing concentration of nitrites, to administer sodium chloride to get the chloride concentration increased at least to 100 mg·l -1 Cl - . Better operation of a biological filter can be speeded up by inoculation with activated sludge.

Breed and Age as Risk Factors for Canine Mammary Tumours

Abstract: Zatloukal J., J. Lorenzova, F. Tich˘, A. Neaas, H. Kecova, P. Kohout: Breed and Age as Risk Factors for Canine Mammary Tumours. Acta Vet. Brno 2005, 74: 103-109. Mammary tumours in 214 dogs were evaluated at the Department of Surgery and Orthopaedics, Veterinary and Pharmaceutical University Brno, between 1997 and 2001. Lesions of the mammary gland were classified as dysplasia/hyperplasia, benign and malignant tumours in 19, 61 and 134 patients, respectively. When there were different lesions of the mammary gland in one individual, the patient was classified according to the most malignant one. The above-mentioned patients were compared to the population of 17 053 dogs treated during the same period to determine age and breed predisposition. Considering the lesions of the mammary gland, the highest relative risk of dysplasia/hyperplasia, benign tumours and malignant tumours was at the age of 8, 10 and 13 years, respectively. Our results thus confirm the previous studies stating the highest incidence after 10 years of age. Poodles, English Cocker Spaniels and Dachshunds had a statistically significant relative risk developing benign and malignant tumours of the mammary gland (χ2-test, p < 0.01), confirming conclusions of previous studies concerning these breeds. We did not, however, prove higher relative risk in Irish Setters, Labrador Retrievers and Boxers. Breast neoplasms, histopathology, incidence, predisposition, retrospective study

Antidiabetic Effect of Cleome droserifolia Aerial Parts: Lipid Peroxidation-Induced Oxidative Stress in Diabetic Rats

Abstract: El Naggar EM.B., L. Barto‰ikova, M. Iemliaka, E. ·vajdlenka, M. Rabi‰kova, V. Strnadova J. Neaas:Antidiabetic Effect of Cleome droserifolia Aerial Parts: Lipid Peroxidation- Induced Oxidative Stress in Diabetic Rats. Acta Vet. Brno 2005, 74: 347-352. The present study aims to investigate the antidiabetic as well as the effect on lipid peroxidation of three different doses (50, 100, and 200 mg/kg) of Cleome droserifolia aerial parts methanolic extract in comparison with glibenclamide in alloxan-induced diabetic rats. Forty-two rats (35 diabetic and 7 normal) were included in this study. Oral administration of 100 and 200 mg/kg of the methanolic extract for 3 weeks significantly (P < 0.05) restored the blood glucose level, plasma malondialdehyde and urine sugar to near the physiological values whereas the effect of 50 mg/kg was not significant. Furthermore, from the HPLC chromatograms, we identified the presence of three flavonoids (quercetin, kaempferol, and isorhamnetin) together with three phenolic acids (sinapinic acid, ferulic acid and 4-coumaric acid) which may explain at least in part some of the antidiabetic and antioxidative properties observed in this study. Antidiabetic, antiperoxidative, malondialdehyde, flavonoids, phenolic acids, HPLC, alloxan, diabetes, rats

Frequency of Boar Ejaculate Collection and its Influence on Semen Quality, Pregnancy Rate and Litter Size

Abstract: FrangeI R., T. Gider, M. Kosec: Frequency of Boar Ejaculate Collection: its Influence on Semen Quality, Pregnancy Rate and Litter Size. Acta Vet. Brno 2005, 74: 265-273. The aim of this study was to determine the best collection frequency for boar ejaculate, based on semen quality, pregnancy rate and litter size. Over a period of 7 months, 480 ejaculates were obtained, at successive collection frequencies of one, two, three and seven times per week, from 12 mature boars of line 54. For each ejaculate, the volume, progressive motility, spermatozoa concentration, sperm morphology and total number of spermatozoa were determined. Two commercial semen extenders, Beltsville Thawing Solution and Merck, were used for semen dilution and preservation. Smaller ejaculate volumes (P < 0.05), lower sperm concentrations (P < 0.05), and lower total sperm counts per ejaculate (P < 0.05) were obtained at collection frequencies of 7 and 3 than at 2 and 1 times per week. Significantly lower progressive sperm motilities at 7 than at 3, 2 and 1 times per week were observed. 1586 sows were inseminated with semen obtained at the four collection frequencies. The conception in sows was highest when inseminated with semen collected once per week and was significantly (P < 0.05) lower when collected 7 times per week than at the other three collection frequencies. The number of delivered piglets was also highest in sows inseminated with semen collected once per week and significantly(P < 0.05) higher than at collection frequencies of 2 and 3 per week. No significant differences in the semen quality parameters measured or in pregnancy rate were found when using either of the two commercial preservation extenders. These results indicate that the sperm quality decreases with increasing collection frequency and is most pronounced at the collection frequency 7 × per week. Taking into account the fertility rate and litter size, together with the number of semen doses obtained per week, the most suitable ejaculate collection frequency in mature boars of line 54 is two or three times per week.

Mercury and Methylmercury Contamination of Fish from the Skalka Reservoir: A Case Study

Abstract: Mar‰alek P., Z. Svobodova, T. Randak, J.·vehla: Mercury and Methylmercury Contamination of Fish from the Skalka Reservoir: A Case Study. Acta Vet. Brno 2005, 74: 427-434. The aim of this case study was to investigate the total mercury and methylmercury contamination of fish from the Skalka reservoir, Czech Republic. The reservoir had been polluted with mercurycontaining sewage water for several decades. In total, 30 fish was sampled in August 2003. The fish caught included 5 roach (Rutilus rutilus), 8 bream (Abramis brama), 2 silver bream (Blicca bjoerkna), 7 big head carp (Aristichthys nobilis), 4 asp (Aspius aspius), 3 eel (Anguilla anguilla) and 1 wels catfish (Silurus glanis). Muscle tissue, the liver and the gonads were used for mercury determination. Total mercury in muscle tissue of the asp (as the representative of predatory species) and the bream (as the representative of non-predatory species) averaged 3.11 ± 0.20 mg·kg-1 and 0.96 ± 0.22 mg·kg -1 , respectively. All total mercury in muscle tissue of the asp and the bream was in methylmercury form. The content of total mercury and methylmercury was significantly (p < 0.05) higher in muscle tissue and the liver than in the gonads. The methylmercury-to-total mercury ratio in muscle tissue, the liver and the gonads averaged 1.012, 0.545 and 0.907, respectively. The results showed that mercury contamination of the Skalka reservoir continues to be very high, that consumption of predatory fish in particular poses a major health risk and that methylmercury was the predominant contaminant in fish tissues. Total mercury, methylmercury, MeHg/THg ratio, bream, big head carp, roach, asp, muscle, liver, gonads, freshwater fish

Organic Pollutant Contamination of the River Elbe as Assessed by Biochemical Markers

Abstract: ·iroka Z. , J . Kri j t , T. Randak, Z. Svobodova, G. Pe‰kova, J . Fuksa, J . Haj‰ lova, J . Jarkovsk , M. Janska: Organic Pollutant Contamination of the River Elbe as Assessed by Biochemical Markers. Acta Vet Brno 2005, 74: 293-303. The aim of the study was to assess contamination of the River Elbe basin using selected biochemical markers. Biochemical markers selected were enzymes of the first stage of xenobiotic transformation, namely cytochrome P450 (CYP 450) and ethoxyresorufin-O-deethylase (EROD). The results were correlated with the most important inducers of the enzymes, i.e. polychlorinated biphenyls (PCB) concentrations in muscle tissue of fish, polyaromatic hydrocarbons (PAH) values in bottom sediments and 1-hydroxypyrene (1-OHPY) values in fish bile (terminal metabolite of PAH, or, rather, of one of them, i.e. pyrene), which were determined during the chemical monitoring of the River Elbe basin. The indicator species selected was chub (Leuciscus cephalus L.), which was captured at ten locations in the River Elbe basin. A comparison between the EROD activity and the CYP 450 content along the longitudinal profile of the Elbe showed a significant correlation at the level of significance of p < 0.05. The highest EROD activity levels in the liver were ascertained in Zelain (341 pmol·min-1·mg-1), Valy (263.2 pmol·min-1·mg-1) and Lysa nad Labem (179.17 pmol·min-1·mg-1). In Blanice (control location), EROD activity was significantly lower than in any of the other locations studied (p < 0.05). The study failed to produce an unambiguous proof of any correlations between detoxification enzyme activity (CYP 450 and EROD) in the liver and their two important inducers (PCB and PAHs). The possibility that other substances causing activation or inhibition of detoxification enzymes were in play is also discussed. Cytochrome P450, EROD, Leuciscus cephalus L., liver, PCB, PAH, 1-hydroxypyrene The River Elbe is one of the most important European rivers (total length 1103.5 km). Its extensive basin of a total of 148 268 km2 lies on the territory of two countries, i.e. the Czech Republic (51 336 km2) and Germany (96 932 km2). Intensive research of the Czech and German reaches of the Elbe started in 1991 under the Elbe I (1991 1994) project, and continued with the Elbe II (1995 1998) and Elbe III (1999 2002) projects. In those projects, large quantities of data regarding sources of pollution, chemical monitoring of hazardous substances in various components of the aquatic environment, water quality, etc. were collected and evaluated (Nesmurak 1994; BlaIkova et al. 1998; BlaIkova 2002). To enhance the relevance of results obtained by chemical monitoring, it is, however, also ACTA VET. BRNO 2005, 74: 293–303 Address for correspondence: ·iroka Zuzana Department of Public Veterinary Health and Toxicology University of Veterinary and Pharmaceutical Sciences Brno Palackeho 1-3, 612 42 Brno, Czech Republic Phone: +420 541 562 780 E-mail: sirokaz@vfu.cz http://www.vfu.cz/acta-vet/actavet.htm necessary to assess the effects of anthropogenic pollution of the aquatic environment on fish. One of possible ways of assessing such effects is the use of biochemical markers of contamination. They are measurable biochemical parameters responding usually to substances with the same mechanism of toxic effect. That means they are not, with some exceptions, specific for individual xenobiotic substances. Their advantage lies in their ability to provide comprehensive information on the effects of pollution, i.e. to reflect synergic or antagonistic effects of individual components contributing to pollution. In 2003, the Elbe IV Project was started. For reasons mentioned above, chemical monitoring in fish was complemented with assay of biochemical contamination markers. Attention focused primarily on the enzymes of the first phase of xenobiotics conversion, i.e. cytochrome P450 and ethoxyresorufin-O-deethylase (EROD). Cytochrome P450 is an important biochemical marker of surface water contamination with some industrial and agricultural pollutants (Stegeman and Lech 1991). It is now believed that the most useful is the 1A family of cytochrome P450 (Machala et al. 1997; Schlenk and Di Giul io 2002). The most potent inducers for that isoform are substances from the groups of polychlorinated biphenyls (PCB), polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAH), nitrated polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (NPAH) and dioxins (e.g. 2, 3, 7, 8 TCDD) (White et al. 1997; Nilsen et al. 1998; Jung et al. 2001; Schlenk and Di Giul io 2002). On the other hand, chronic exposure to these contaminants can cause a lack of CYP1A induction response (Brammell et al. 2004), and also assessment of CYP1A at the time of spawning can influence its level, because estrogens can decrease CYP1A induction (Elskus 2004). Male fish seem to be more sensitive to PAH and PCB than female fish (McArdle et al. 2004). The induction of the CYP1A family is mediated by the aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR) (Bil l iard 2002). Following its interaction with xenobiotic substances, it is carried to the nucleus where it is the cause of enhanced expression of genes for CYP1A and, subsequently, of increased synthesis of cytochrome proteins. The potential toxicity of pollutants depends on their affinity to the AhR. The CYP1As are also responsible for the metabolic activation of most of the known promutagens and procarcinogens, and its elevated levels are responsible for such negative effects as cocarcinogenesis, immunotoxicity and reproduction disorders (Lewis et al. 2003; Carlson et al. 2004). The model CYP1A activity is the enzyme ethoxyresorufin-O-deethylase (EROD), with its ability to convert substrates to products demonstrating fluorescence, which can then be measured. This enzyme is an important biochemical marker of contamination. The aim of the study presented here was to use the assessment of biochemical markers cytochrome P450 and EROD in the livers of the indicator fish species (Leuciscus cephalus L.) to evaluate contamination levels in various locations within the River Elbe basin. Results of chemical monitoring relevant for the above contamination markers are also outlined and correlated in the paper. They were PCB concentrations in chub muscle tissues, concentrations of 1-hydroxypyrene (1-OHPY) in chub bile samples (i.e. the final metabolite of PAHs, or rather of pyrene), and PAH concentrations in bottom sediments in the locations studied. Materials and Methods Animals and Sampling The chub (Leuciscus cephalus L.) was selected as the most suitable indicator species. The chub is a common freshwater cyprinid species that inhabits both clean and polluted rivers (Baru‰ et al. 1995). The fish were captured with the use of a diesel-electric generator in 10 locations in the River Elbe basin. The locations studied were Podoli and Zelain at the River Vltava, a tributary to the Elbe, and Verdek, Numaice, Valy, Lysa nad Labem, Obfiistvi, Duain and Hfiensko along the River Elbe. The control location was upstream of the Husinec water reservoir at the river Blanice in the Vltava basin (Fig. 1). The fish were captured in July 2003 (average water temperature 21.4 °C). In the control location, fish were captured in September 2003 (water temperature 15 °C). In each location, eight chub (both males and females) were captured (except in Lysa nad Labem where only 3 chub were captured). The chub 294

Blood and Tissue Selenium Determination by Hydride Generation Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometry

Abstract: Pechova A., L. Pavlata, J. Illek: Blood and Tissue Selenium Determination by Hydride Generation Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometry. Acta Vet. Brno 2005, 74: 483-490. The aim of the study was to optimize the method of blood and tissue selenium determination in ruminants, and to implement it in research and diagnostic practice. A method was developed for selenium determination by hydride generation atomic absorption spectrophotometry (HG-AAS) in full blood, blood plasma and serum, the liver, skeletal muscle tissue, the myocardium, and the kidneys after wet mineralization of samples in a closed nitric acid and hydrogen peroxide system and subsequent hydrogen chloride reduction. Hydride generation was performed by 1% sodium borohydride. The resulting selenium hydride was drawn off under inert atmosphere into a flameheated quartz T-tube to atomize; absorbance at 196 nm wavelength was measured by an optic system with deuterium lamp background correction. The measurements were verified by using diverse types of reference materials with declared selenium concentration and by a method of yield measurement of calibration solution addition in mineralized samples. The results corresponded with the stated values at the 95% probability level for all reference materials used. This methodology is acceptable as to both the detection limit (0.762 µg·l-1) and the error of measurement (4.6-15%) required for authorized use in research as well as clinical and preventive livestock medicine. The practical potential of the method was documented in a group of calves supplemented with two different forms of selenium. AAS, liver, muscle, myocardium, microwave mineralization

Liver Steatosis Following Supplementation with Fat in Dairy Cow Diets

Abstract: Lubojacka V., A. Pechova, R. Dvofiak, P. Drastich, V. Kummer, J. Poul: Liver Steatosis Following Supplementation with Fat in Dairy Cow Diets. Acta Vet Brno 2005, 74: 217224. The aim of the present investigation was to determine the influence of increased intake of fats (calciferous salts of fatty acids) in the early lactation period on the development of liver steatosis. Twenty dairy cows in the study were divided into an experimental group (E; n = 10) and a control group (C; n = 10). Balanced diets of energy content, crude protein and minerals (except calcium) were fed to the two groups of dairy cows. The differences were in the fat content (3.7% and 6.99% dietary dry matter in the control and experimental groups, respectively), fibre (14.4% and 15.6% dietary dry matter in the control and experimental groups, respectively) and calcium (0.83% and 1.3% dietary dry matter in the control and experimental groups, respectively). The source of fats in the diet fed to the experimental group was treated rape cake (calciferous salts of fatty acids). The two diets were introduced on the day of calving. Blood samples were collected in weeks 2 and 4 post partum, and liver biopsies were performed in week 4 post partum. The histological examination of liver samples showed a significantly higher lipid infiltration (69.03 ± 8.42 vs. 23.83 ± 5.16%; p < 0.01) and significantly lower liver glycogen concentrations (25.74 ± 2.74% vs. 53.15 ± 1.74%; p < 0.01). Two weeks post partum, the experimental group had significantly higher blood serum concentrations of betahydroxybutyrate - BHB (1.04 ± 0.58 vs. 0.54 ± 0.18 mmol·l-1; p < 0.05), non-esterified fatty acids - NEFA (0.96 ± 0.57 vs. 0.39 ± 0.24 mmol·l -1 ; p < 0.05), total cholesterol (3.54 ± 1.29 vs. 2.51 ± 0.44 mmol·l -1 ; p < 0.05), total bilirubin (8.61 ± 3.73 vs. 5.29 ± 1.07 µmol·l-1; p < 0.05), lactate dehydrogenase - LDH (49.79 ± 12.43 vs. 37.20 ± 5.48 µkat·l -1 ; p < 0.05), significantly lower concentrations of total protein (78.77 ± 5.01 vs. 88.72 ± 7.05 g·l -1 ; p < 0.01) and urea (4.09 ± 0.92 vs. 4.99 ± 0.61 mmol·l -1 ; p < 0.05). In week 4 post partum, the experimental group had significantly higher concentrations of NEFA (0.62 ± 0.48 vs. 0.25 ± 0.1 mmol·l -1 ; p < 0.05), total cholesterol (4.70 ± 0.77 vs. 3.03 ± 0.49 mmol·l -1 ; p < 0.01), LDH (45.97 ± 10.70 vs. 36.14 ± 3.97 µkat·l -1 ; p < 0.05) and significantly lower concentration of urea (4.43 ± 1.01 vs. 5.88 ± 1.08 mmol·l -1 ; p < 0.01). Our investigations suggest that increased intake of fats (6.99% dietary dry matter) in the early lactation period has a substantial effect on the development of liver steatosis. Fatty liver, liver biopsy, blood, glycogen, triacylglycerol

Physiochemical Analyses of Burkina Fasan Honey

Abstract: This study intended to determine and compare the microscopic and physicochemical characteristics of Burkina Fasan honey (n = 27) with those described in the Codex Standard, and to also find correlations between individual constituents. Physicochemical properties were determined using the harmonised methods of the international honey commission. Microscopic pollen analyses identified the samples as being derived from one Acacia, one Lannea, three Vitellaria, two Combretaceae, two mixed Poaceae honeydew and eighteen multifloral honey. Despite the tropical ambient temperature, all the samples were nevertheless well within the limits of the Codex Standard for levels of hydroxymethylfurfural, reducing sugars, proline and diastase activity. Only 7.4% (ash), 14.8% (free acidity and pH) and 22.2% (moisture) of samples exceeded the Codex-permitted limits. A highly significant correlation was found between pH and ash content (r = 0.77; P < 0.001). The training of non-professional beekeepers in beekeeping practice is suggested to improve the quality of Burkina Fasan honey.

Evaluation of Field Methods for Determining Immunoglobulin in Sucking Foals

Abstract: Sedlinska M., J. Krejai, M. Vyskoail: Evaluation of Field Methods for Determining Immunoglobulin in Sucking Foals. Acta Vet. Brno 2005, 74: 51-58. The aim of the study was to evaluate quick and easy semiquantitative tests for the detection of serum immunoglobulins that are commonly used for to trace the foals with the failure of passive immunity transfer. We compared the four most employed methods ‐ zinc sulphate turbidity tests using photometric or visual reading, glutaraldehyde test and refractometric determination of total protein concentration in serum. Radial immunodiffusion test was used as a reference method. Thirty-eight blood serum samples from foals were used for quantitative estimation of immunoglobulins. The tested methods were correlated with reference method and their availability for tracing of cases of unsuccessful passive transfer immunogobulins was evaluated. The results obtained so far have not allowed us to recommend without reservation any of the compared methods as a reliable test for the determination of blood serum Ig concentrations in newborn foals. On the other hand, the practical usefulness of two of the tested methods (visual reading of turbidity, refractometry) for rapid field identification of hypogammaglobulinaemic foals was confirmed. Of the two, we prefer the refractometric method (sensitivity: 94.11; specificity: 83.30 and predictive value: 88) for common use because it is quicker and easier than other methods. This study pointed out the critical points of the mentioned problem, which have to be studied further. Foal, IgG, immunoglobulins, glutaraldehyde, zinc sulphate turbidity test, refractometry, FPT

Selenium Status of Horses in the Czech Republic

Abstract: Ludvikova E., L. Pavlata, M. Vyskoail, P. Jahn:Selenium Status of Horses in the Czech Republic. Acta Vet. Brno 2005, 74: 369-375. The aim of this study was to determine the relation between selenium concentration and activity of glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px, EC 1.11.19) in whole blood of horses, reference ranges for the activity of GSH-Px and to evaluate the selenium status of horses in the Czech Republic. Blood samples were collected from 159 horses from 35 different farms and processed using the AAS and photometric methods to determine concentrations of selenium and the GSH-Px activity, respectively. Data on both parameters were processed using correlation and regression analysis in order to obtain reference values of GSH-Px for the indirect evaluation of the selenium status of horses. The results were also used to evaluate the occurrence of selenium deficiency in the horses examined. A highly significant linear relation was found between both variables. It can be expressed using the Spearman’s coefficient of rank correlation (r s = 0.873; p < 0.01) and the regression equation (y = 3.621x – 28.698; p < 0.01, r = 0.842). The value of 75 µg·l -1 of selenium in whole blood is considered as a threshold of selenium deficiency in horses. According to our results, the corresponding level of the activity of GSH-Px useful in the diagnostics is 200 µkat·l -1 . Using these criteria, there was a high prevalence of selenium deficiency in the collection of horses examined amounting to 47% and 48% when evaluating the selenium status by the selenium concentration and the activity of GSH-Px, respectively. It can be concluded that there is a high correlation of the activity of GSH-Px and selenium concentration in whole blood of horses and that reference values of the activity of GSH-Px useful in the diagnostics of selenium deficiency in horses in the Czech Republic were determined. The occurrence of selenium deficiency in horses is a topical problem in the Czech Republic.

Ultrastructural Changes of Ovaries in Rabbits Following Cadmium Administration

Abstract: Massanyi P., V. Uhrin, R. Toman, J. Pivko, N. Lukaa, Zs. Forgacs, Z. Somosy, M. Fabi‰, J. Danko: Ultrastructural Changes of Ovaries in Rabbits Following Cadmium Administration. Acta Vet. Brno 2005, 74: 29-35. Cadmium is an environmental risk factor having various toxic effects both in animals and in humans. The aim of this study was to determine effects of cadmium on the ultrastructure of various ovarian cells in rabbits after an experimental administration. The structure of ovarian cells (granulosa, thecal, stromal, endothelial cells) was analyzed by transmission electron microscopy (TEM). Animals (n = 24) were divided into 3 groups (K, A, C). In group A (n = 8) rabbits received cadmium i.p. (1.5 mg·kg -1 body weight) and subsequently were killed 48 h after administration of cadmium. In group C (n = 8) cadmium was administered at a dose of 1.0 mg·kg-1 b.m. for 5 month in pelleted food. The last group (K) was the control, receiving no cadmium. Qualitative analysis of granulosa cells showed undulation of nuclear membrane, dilatation of perinuclear cistern and endoplasmic reticulum. In theca cells dilatation of endoplasmic reticulum was the most characteristic alteration. Also dilatation of perinuclear cistern was evident. In stromal ovarian cells very intensive dilatation of perinuclear cistern and structures with smooth membranes were detected. In endothelial cells dilated mitochondria with altered inner structure, mainly missing cristae were found. Quantitative analysis of granulosa cells found significant (p < 0.05) decrease of relative volume of mitochondria in group C in comparison with group A. In ovarian thecal cells a significant (p < 0.001) increase of the relative volume of endoplasmic reticulum in group A in comparison with control group was detected. In ovarian stromal cells a significant increase of the relative volume of smooth membranes in comparison with control animals was found. In endothelial cells we have observed significantly higher amount of mitochondria and cytoplasm in group A in comparison with control group. These results describe the fine structural alterations of ovarian cells after administration of cadmium. The negative effect of this common environmental toxicant was detected in all studied cell types and we conclude that it is cell-dependent.

Effect of Progestagen/PMSG Treatment for Oestrus Synchronization of Tuj Ewes to be Bred after the Natural Breeding Season

Abstract: Ucar O., M. Kaya, S. Yildiz, F. Onder, M. Cenesiz, M. Uzun: Effect of Progestagen/PMSG Treatment for Oestrus Synchronization of Tuj Ewes to be Bred after the Natural Breeding Season. Acta Vet. Brno 74, 2005: 385-393. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of pregnant mare serum gonadotrophin (PMSG) and progestagen sponge on oestrus synchronization of Tuj ewes mated after breeding season. Body weights (b.w.) and condition scores (BCS) of seventeen mature fat-tailed Tuj ewes were recorded prior to the experiment and they were divided into two compared groups. All the ewes were treated by 30 mg Chronolone-impregnated intravaginal sponges for 14 days. Ewes in the first group (Group I, n = 9) were then injected with i.m. 600 I.U. PMSG upon sponge withdrawal while others, as control (Group II, n = 8) received placebo injection only. Ewes were monitored (at 2 h intervals) for both the signs of oestrus behaviour (classified as attractivity and receptivity) and their durations over the 102 h. Non-return rates were monitored (twice daily) during day 14-21 with the aid of a fertile ram. Lambing rates and litter sizes were recorded following the 150 ± 5 days of inseminations (hand-mating). Results showed that oestrus period was significantly prolonged (P < 0.05) in Group I. Additionally, a positive significant correlation (P = 0.021, R2 = 0.345) was found between BCS in situ and the litter size, regardless of PMSG administration. Furthermore, regardless of the nature of oestrus (induced or natural) in all the ewes, there was a profound effect of BCS per se on the overall litter size (P = 0.000, R 2 = 0.633). It was significantly higher in ewes that had BCS higher than both 2.0 (P = 0.001, R2 = 0.633) and 2.5 units (P = 0.001, R2 = 0.654). In conclusion, PMSG combined with progestagen sponge administration for oestrus synchronization prolonged the duration of oestrus period but with no marked effects on the non- return rate, lambing rate or the litter size in Tuj ewes mated after breeding season. During this period, however, body energy reserves appeared to be the major effector of the litter size. Tuj, out-of-season, PMSG, Progesterone, oestrus behaviour, lambing

Exercise-induced Changes in the Clotting Times and Fibrinolytic Activity during Official 1600 and 2 000 Meters Trot Races in the Standardbred Horses

Abstract: G. Piccione, F. Fazio, E. Giudice, F. Grasso, G. Caola: Exercise-induced Changes in the Clotting Times and Fibrinolytic Activity during Official 1600 and 2 000 Meters Trot Races in Standardbred Horses. Acta Vet. Brno 2005, 74: 509-514. The aim of the study was to investigate the influence of a training program and submaximal exercise on the clotting times (prothrombin time, PT, activated partial prothrombin time, aPTT, thrombin time, TT) and fibrinogen in the horse in order to assess the probable role of physical conditioning in haemostatic processes suggested in jumping and long-distance running horses. We therefore studied 14 Standardbred horses divided into group A (6 horses) and group B (8 horses). The horses had been separately and specifically trained to take part in official 1 600 and 2 000 meters trot races, respectively. Blood samples were taken before and after the training period and after the official 1 600 and 2 000 meters trot races, under the following experimental conditions: at rest, immediately after the trial (within 2 minutes) and 30 min after the trial. Student T-test for paired data to two groups of untrained and trained horses from groups A and B showed a statistically significant decrease in fibrinogen only (p < 0.006 in group A and p < 0.03 in group B). During the official 1 600 meters trot race (group A), from among the clotting times only fibrinogen showed statistically significant differences (p < 0.001); during the official 2 000 meters trot race (group B), the clotting times and fibrinogen, with the exception of TT, showed statistically significant differences (from p < 0.05 to < 0.001). Our results suggest that specific training programs (as submaximal exercise) could influence the haemostatic changes occurring during an athletic competition.

Milk as a Food Source of Iodine for Human Consumption in the Czech Republic

Abstract: Kursa J, I Herzig, J Travniaek, V Kroupova: Milk as a Food Source of Iodine for Human Consumption in the Czech Republic Acta Vet Brno 2005, 74: 255-264 The present study brings current information on providing dairy cows with the required iodine level after determination of its content in milk and on the relationship between its milk concentrations and iodine intake by human population Iodine concentration in fresh cow milk from 226 farms covering 66 districts of the Czech Republic was assessed by the Sandell-Kolthoff Method Average iodine concentration in a group of 226 bulk samples from distinct localities of the Czech Republic was 3104 ± 3470 µg I·l-l and significant variations of iodine content in milk from different farms expressed by variation range 1000 µg I·l -l was detected The variations reflected marked differences in iodine saturation of dairy cows Average milk iodine concentration is twice and a half the findings detected before supplementation which was initiated between the years l997 - l999 and is higher than the current European standard Deep iodine deficiency in fodder, non-corrected by feed supplements, was found in 40% of milk samples with the values < 20 µg I·l -l Iodine milk concentrations above 500 µg I·l -l were detected in l68% farms After determination of iodine concentrations in the diets fed to dairy cows it is recommendable to regulate the offer of supplements containing iodine according to the physiological requirements of the animals, their production and environmental conditions General monitoring of iodine concentrations in fresh milk followed by immediate providing the farmers with the results is essential It is necessary to consider significantly higher average iodine concentrations in milk purchased by milk processing plants from the farms in the year 2003 (3237 ± 3643 µg I·l-l) when iodine intakes through the basketfuls of foodstuffs by consumers are evaluated Dairy cows, iodine deficiency, iodine supplementation, general monitoring, iodine concentrations in milk

Effects of Chromium Supplementation on Chicken Broiler Growth and Carcass Characteristics

Abstract: Kroliczewska B., W. Zawadzki, T. Skiba, D. MiEta: Effects of Chromium Supplementation on Chicken Broiler Growth and Carcass Characteristics. Acta Vet. Brno 2005, 74: 543-549. The aim of this study was to evaluate the performance and carcass characteristics of broilers after chromium supplementation. One-day-old 90 Hubbard ISA male broiler chicks were divided into one control and two experimental groups. The control group was fed a basal diet, while the two experimental groups were fed a basal diet supplemented with chromium-enriched yeast in doses of 300 or 500 µg·kg -1 Cr. Supplementation of 500 µg·kg -1 Cr increased body weight (BW), body weight gain (BWG), and also feed conversion ratio (FCR), (p < 0.05) compared to the dose of 300 µg·kg -1 Cr and to the control diet. The dressing percentage was the highest (75.6%) in the group fed 500 µg·kg-1 Cr, and differed significantly (p < 0.05) compared to the control and 300 µg·kg-1 Cr groups. The use of chromium yeast in the feeding of chickens caused a decrease of cholesterol level and the content in muscles. The largest differences were observed in breast muscles in the group fed 500 µg·kg -1 Cr, where the content of cholesterol decreased by approximately 19% (p < 0.05). There were no significant differences between the groups in dry matter, protein and in organoleptic traits of the breast and leg muscles.

Gastric Ulceration and Exercise Intensity in Standardbred Racehorses in Czech Republic

Abstract: Bezdukova, B., P. Jahn, M. Vyskoail, J. Plach˘: Gastric Ulceration and Exercise Intensityin Standardbred Racehorses in Czech Republic. Acta Vet. Brno 2005, 74: 67-71. The objective of our study was to determine prevalence of equine gastric ulcer syndrome (EGUS) in individual groups of Standardbred horses in the Czech Republic divided in accordance to training intensity, to determine association between training intensity and prevalence of gastric ulcers and severity of gastric ulcers in these horses. Fifty four 2-year-old or older Standardbred racehorses engaged in routine training and racing were selected for this study. Prevalence of gastric ulcers was 20.00% in Standardbred racehorses with no training intensity, 16.67% in horses in mild training, 68.42% in horses in intermediate training and 79.12% in horses in high intensity training. Significant association was proven between training intensity and occurrence of gastric ulcers. Positive correlation between training intensity and gastric ulceration severity was proven as well. From the results we concluded that gastric ulcers are common in Standardbred horses in training in Czech Republic. Their prevalence and severity is dependent on the training intensity.

The Influence of Urbanization on the Behaviour of Dogs in the Czech Republic

Abstract: Baranyiova E, A Holub, M Tyrlik, B Janaakova, M Ernstova: The Influence of Urbanization on the Behaviour of Dogs in the Czech Republic Acta Vet Brno 74, 2005: 401-409 The aim of this study was to evaluate the influence of urbanization in the Czech Republic upon the co-existence of domesticated dogs and their owners We divided the data from a questionnaire (distributed to dog owners) into rural (R, n = 164) and urban (U, n = 132) The former group comprised of dogs living in family houses with yards/gardens, the latter comprised of dogs kept in urban apartments without yards or gardens The data were evaluated by chi-square test The differences in living conditions of R and U dogs were derivative of different structures of the respective households In the R group, 37% of dogs lived in one-person households, 429% in two-person, and 534% in households with more than two persons By contrast in U households more dogs lived in one-person households (69%), 588% in two-member, but fewer (344%) lived in households with more members In R households, more frequently other dogs also were living (R = 601%, U = 321%; χ2 =22929, df = 1; p < 0001), and a linear association was found with the larger number of children and cats and other animals in the house Although the physical and social pressures upon the U group of dogs, based on permanent dwelling in small niches of urban apartments, were very strong (Czech apartments are comfortable, but smaller than in many other European countries), we found significant changes in 23 (271%) of 86 behavioural traits analyzed Among them, however, only 6 (146%) from among 41 traits concerned behaviours of dogs (using the furniture, sleeping in beds of family members, mounting people, growling at family members, perceiving the moods of owners, showing fear, and destroying garden less frequently) The remaining 44 traits under study concerned the behaviour of owners/family members In this category we found 17 significant differences Their proportion was more than 25 times greater (ie 386%) than that of differences in the behaviour of dogs We concluded that although the characteristics of co-existence of people and their dogs under study have different biological significance, it is obvious that in the urbanized environment of the Czech society, as this co-existence became more intense, the contacts between people and their dogs became more intimate Furthermore, household members changed their behaviour (ie, showed more changes in their conduct) more than their dogs This transformation of behaviour notwithstanding, with even more rapid urbanization of human society, dogs are still viewed as desirable and suitable companions for humans No doubt, this is because dogs possess an outstanding social cognition vis-a-vis people and even in an urban environment they are able to adapt and thrive under new conditions of the inter-species co-existence, ie, contributing to the human-animal bond Behavioural traits, rural and urban living, questionnaire, human-animal bond

Influence of Reproductive Season upon Plasma Biochemistry Values in Green Iguanas

Abstract: Knotkova Z., S. Pejfiilova, ·. Trnkova, O. Matou‰kova, Z. Knotek: Influence of Reproductive Season upon Plasma Biochemistry Values in Green Iguanas. Acta Vet Brno 2005, 74: 515-520. The trial involved eleven 10-month-old green iguanas (Iguana iguana rhinolopha, 5 males/6 females) from a single clutch of captive breeding program. Lizards were housed in an experimental room and maintained in terraria (75 cm × 85 cm × 85 cm), with a constant light/temperature/air humidity regime (12 h/12 h, 24-35 °C, 60-80%). The body condition and health status of the iguanas was monitored at regular intervals. At the age of 34 months three females laid eggs spontaneously whereas the other three females suffering from pre-ovulatory follicle stasis (POFS) were ovariectomized (OVE) at the end of 35 months. Within the period of the reproductive activity (February - March, November-January) plasma concentrations of calcium, cholesterol and triglycerides were significantly higher (p < 0.05) in females than in males. Significantly higher concentrations of calcium and triglycerides were found in plasma samples of POFS females than in healthy females after oviposition. Plasma concentrations of calcium, phosphorus, cholesterol and triglycerides were significantly higher in intact females than in OVE females. The mechanism of hormonal control for seasonal changes of calcium, cholesterol and triglyceride concentrations in blood of female green iguana remains to be examined in the future. Reptiles, calcium, cholesterol, triglycerides, vitellogenesis, follicular stasis

Arsenic Content in Tissues of Fish from the River Elbe

Abstract: âelechovska O., Z. Svobodova, T. Randak: Arsenic Content in Tissues of Fish from the River Elbe. Acta Vet. Brno 2005, 74: 419-425. The aim of the study was to evaluate arsenic content in tissues (muscle, liver, kidneys, gonads) of fish caught in selected localities along the River Elbe and its tributary the Vltava in 1999, 2002 and 2003, and in pools of the River Elbe in 2000. A total of 118 bream and 151 perch were examined by AAS. The highest muscle tissue arsenic concentrations were found in Zelain in bream in 2003 (0.17 ± 0.08 mg·kg -1 ) and in perch in 2002 (0.084 ± 0.012 mg·kg -1 ). The highest arsenic concentrations in perch were found in the kidneys, followed by the liver, milt, muscle tissue and eggs. An increase (P < 0.01) in arsenic concentrations in 2003 (after floods) compared with 2002 was found in bream muscle tissues in Zelain and in perch muscle tissues in Podoli; a decrease in arsenic concentrations was demonstrated in perch musculature in Verdek, Numaice, Hfiensko (P < 0.01) and in bream musculature in Hfiensko (P < 0.05). Arsenic contamination in the localities under study does not pose a major environmental or health risk.

Effect of Dietary Chitin and Chitosan on Cholesterolemia of Rats

Abstract: ·imUnek J., BartoAova H.: Effect of dietary chitin and chitosan on cholesterolemia of rats. Acta Vet. Brno 2005, 74: 491-499. Chitin – chitosan is being advertised as a food supplement that effectively lowers blood cholesterol concentration and controls obesity. The lard-fed rat was chosen because this model shares similarities with human hypercholesterolemia. The male rats were divided into six groups (A-F), each with 6 rats, and fed 6 weeks ad libitum diets prepared on base of commercial diet by addition of lard (diets D, E F), cholesterol (diet C), chitin (diets B, C, D) and chitosan (diet F). There were no significant differences in weight gain and feed efficiencies in all groups during experimental period. The histology examination of liver slices revealed the most pronounced periacinal (3.0) and centroacinal (1.3) steatosis in animals of the group C. In the F group was detected small periacinal steatosis only. The total serum cholesterol level was significantly increased (P < 0.05) in rats fed high fat diets (D, E, F; 2.21 ± 0.15, 2.25 ± 0.16, 2.27 ±0.23 mmol·l-1) and C group (2.16 ± 0.56 mmol·l-1) in comparison with control group (1.57 ± 0.26 mmol·l -1 ) and group B (1.68 ± 0.09 mmol·l -1 ). Similarly HLD-cholesterol levels were in groups B, C, D, E and F increased (1.02 ± 0.05, 0.90 ± 0.18, 1.30 ± 0.18, 1.34 ± 0.11 and 1.38 ± 0.24 mmol·l -1 , resp.). While the cholesterol content in liver homogenates was significantly higher in animals fed cholesterol-rich diet (8.79 ± 0.50 mmol·g-1, P < 0.05), chitosan addition significantly depressed the cholesterol concentration (5.76 ± 0.95 mmol.g-1, P < 0.05). Faecal cholesterol excretion was greatest in the rats of C group (13.63 ± 2.93 mmol.g -1 , P < 0.05). Also faeces of the animals fed the lard-enriched diets contained nonsignificantly more cholesterol than animals of control group. This effect seems to be reinforced by chitosan component in diet F. According to our results 5% chitin and/or chitosan addition have not prevented any increase in liver weight or the level of plasma cholesterol and also have not reduced the liver cholesterol content in rats fed enriched lard diet. In presence of chitosan higher excretion of faecal cholesterol and lipids were found. Chitin/chitosan, dietary hypercholesterolemia, rats

Clinical Efficacy of Rifampicin for Treatment of Canine Pyoderma

Abstract: Senturk S., E. Ozel, A. Sen: Clinical Efficacy of Rifampicin for Treatment of Canine Pyoderma. Acta Vet. Brno 2005, 74: 117-122. In this study, the efficacy and field safety of rifampicin were evaluated in dogs with pyoderma. Clinical diagnoses of canine pyoderma were supported by bacteriologic cultures. 20 dogs with pyoderma were treated with rifampicin at a dose of 5 mg·kg -1 once daily for 10 days. Staphylococcus intermedius (40%) was isolated as the predominant pathogen. Serum GGT, ALT, urea, creatinine levels were assessed both before and after treatment for hepatic and renal effects of rifampicin. However, these parameters after treatment were not found to be statistically different compared with the values before treatment. While treatment was clinically successful in 18/20 (90%) dogs with pyoderma, poor improvement was noted in 2/20 (10%) dogs. Rifampicin was safe and effective for the treatment of canine pyoderma at the dosage used in this study.

Selenium and Vitamin E Status Correlated with Myopathies of Horses Reared in Farms in the Czech Republic

Abstract: Ludvikova E., P. Jahn, L. Pavlata, M. Vyskoail: Selenium and Vitamin E Status Correlated with Myopathies of Horses Reared in Farms in the Czech Republic. Acta Vet. Brno 2005, 74: 377-384. The objective of the study was to compare selenium and vitamin E status in equine farms with and without occurrence of myopathies in order to evaluate the role of lack of these substances in the aetiology of myopathies in horses in the Czech Republic. Concentrations of selenium (in 136 horses) and vitamin E (in 131 horses) and glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px) activities (in 136 horses) were measured in horses from farms with the occurrence of myopathies (group M including 46 horses from 10 farms) and in horses from farms without occurrence of myopathies (group H including 90 horses from 22 farms). Significantly lower concentrations of selenium (43.09 ±36.84 µg·l -1 ; p < 0.001), vitamin E (9.55 ± 9.29 µmol·l -1 ; p < 0.01) and GSH-Px activities (153.38 ± 177.28 µkat·l-1; p < 0.001) were found in horses from the farms with the occurrence of myopathies when compared to those without the occurrence of myopathies (Se 117.35 ± 52.10 µg·l-1; vitamin E 10.75 ± 4.34 µmol·l-1; GSH-Px 397.41 ± 242.15 µkat·l-1). The diagnosis of nutritional myodegeneration (white muscle disease, WMD) was established in six horses with myopathy. The aetiology of myopathy in the other four affected horses was probably different. Evaluating all examined horses, insufficient whole blood selenium and serum vitamin E concentrations were found in 42% and 96% of horses, respectively. Poor saturation with selenium and vitamin Eare important factors in the aetiology of WMD in horses in the Czech Republic. Apart from WMD, horses in the Czech Republic may be affected by some other myopathies. Glutathione peroxidase, nutritional myodegeneration, white muscle disease, tocopherol, creatine kinase, aspartate aminotransferase

Prevalence of Equine Gastric Ulceration in Standardbred Racehorses in Czech Republic

Abstract: Bezdukova, B., P. Jahn, M. Vyskoail, J. Plach˘: Prevalence of Equine Gastric Ulceration in Standardbred Racehorses in Czech Republic. Acta Vet. Brno 2005, 74: 59-65. The objective of our study was to determine an association between age, sex and prevalence and severity of gastric ulceration in Standardbred racehorses in training in Czech Republic. Alltogether 54 Standardbred racehorses were used in our study. History was taken and subsequently gastroscopy was performed in each horse. Mucosal ulceration was evaluated using grading system ranging from 0 (normal mucosa, no lesions) to 4 (diffuse ulceration of mucosa, loss of margo plicatus continuity, with or without haemorrhage). Correlation between age, sex and prevalence and severity of ulcers was statistically assessed. Prevalence of gastric ulceration in the group of horses examined was 62.96%. Twenty horses (37.04%) had physiological findings on gastric mucosa (ulcer score 0), 16 horses (29.6%) had mild changes of gastric mucosa (ulcer score 1), 14 horses (25.9%) had gastric ulcer score of grade 2 and 4 horses (7.4%) had gastric ulcer score of grade 3. None of the horses (0%) had signs of the most severe gastric ulceration (ulcer score 4). There was found neither association between age or sex and prevalence of ulcers nor association between age or sex and severity of gastric ulcers. From the results we conclude that gastric ulcers are common in Standardbred racehorses in Czech Republic. Prevalence and severity of gastric ulcer does not depend on age and sex of horses.

Influence of Slow-rate Freezing and Vitrification on Mouse Embryos

Abstract: Hredzak, R., A. Ostro, I. Maraaek, J. Kaamarik, V. Idilova, J. Vesela: Influence of Slow-rate Freezing and Vitrification on Mouse Embryos. Acta Vet. Brno 2005, 74: 23-27. The aim of the study was to compare the effect of two different methods of embryo freezing (slow-rate freezing employing programmable freezing equipment and ultra-rapid freezing by vitrification) on developmental capacity of two-cell mouse embryos on the basis of their development to blastocyst stage and implantation rate of blastocysts. Two-cell embryos were obtained from superovulated female mice and divided to three groups. The first group of embryos was frozen by the slow controlled-rate method using a programmable freezing equipment with propanediol as a cryoprotectant. Embryos from the second group were vitrified employing ethylene glycol as a cryoprotectant. The third group of embryos was cultivated in vitro without cryopreservation in a cultivation medium in an atmosphere of 95% air and 5% CO2. After thawing, the embryos from the first two groups were cultivated in vitro under conditions identical to those used for fresh embryos. The blastocysts that developed in vitro from embryos of all three groups were transferred to uteri of pseudo-gravid female mice to determine their implantation capacity. The percentage of vitrified embryos that developed into blastocysts was significantly lower than that of the fresh and slow-rate frozen embryos. The morphological appearance of embryos from all three groups was the same. The implantation rate of blastocysts that developed from vitrified embryos was significantly lower compared to the fresh and slow-rate frozen embryos. The results obtained indicate that freezing of embryos affects negatively their further development the negative effect of vitrification being more detrimental. As a “universal” vitrification protocol has not yet been defined, additional studies are needed to achieve its optimisation. Cryopreservation, cryoprotectant, implantation, slow-rate freezing, vitrification

Psittacine birds (Aves: Psittaciformes) as new hosts of Baruscapillaria obsignata (Nematoda: Capillariidae)

Abstract: Kajerova V., V. Baru‰: Psittacine birds (Aves: Psittaciformes) as new hosts of Baruscapillaria obsignata (Nematoda: Capillariidae). Acta Vet. Brno 2005, 74: 571-574. The first record of Baruscapillaria obsignata (Capillariidae) in small intestine of three psittacine birds (Barnardius zonarius, Agapornis roseicollis and Melopsittacus undulatus) kept in captivity in the Czech Republic is described. Morphometry of nematode species parasitizing psittacine birds was found to be identical with that of the parasites from typical hosts, domestic and free-living columbiform birds. Epizootiological aspects of interchange of this nematode species, and others (ascariids, capillariids, oxyurids) among domestic birds (Galliformes, Columbiformes), free-living birds (Passeriformes) and psittacine birds (Psittaciformes) kept in captivity are discussed.

Development of Haematological Indices in Melanoma-bearing Liběchov Minipigs

Abstract: Svoboda M., K. Eichlerova, V. Horak, J. Hradeck˘: Development of Haematological Indices in Melanoma-bearing Libuchov Minipigs. Acta Vet. Brno 2005, 74: 603-611. The aim of the study was to investigate the development of haematological indices in the MeLiM strain of miniature pigs. MeLiM minipigs in group M were affected with hereditary malignant melanoma and received 100 mg Fe3+ dextran i.m. on day 3 of age. Group H contained melanomafree MeLiM minipigs that were supplemented with iron as in group M. Melanoma-free MeLiM minipigs without iron supplementation till the week 5 of age were included in group A. Development of haematological indices in group H was compared to literature data from other breeds and strains of minipigs. Red blood cell indices in group A were found to be characteristic for hypochromic microcytary anaemia. Higher red blood cell counts were found in animals affected with melanoma (group M) on week 8 of age compared to group H. Pigs in group M showed also lower growth intensity compared to healthy animals (group H).