Showing papers in "Agrivita : Journal of Agricultural Science in 2012"
TL;DR: The spatial distribution of Bactrocera dorsalis complex in the mango orchard that was analyzed using various mathematical indices dispersion and regression models showed an aggregated distribution, implying that the grade of aggregation of the fruit flies population was relatively constant throughout the time despite the variation in sample means.
Abstract: The spatial distribution of Bactrocera dorsalis complex in the mango orchard that was analyzed using various mathematical indices dispersion and regression models showed an aggregated distribution. Taylor’s power law and Iwao’s regression model fitted well to all data sets. However, Iwao’s regression model fitted the data better, yielding higher values of R 2 than Taylor’s power law. As the regression of the reciprocal of k of negative binomial (1/ k ) on x [ k = ( x 2 – s 2 /n) / ( s 2 – x )] was not significant, the calculation of a common k was justified to be 1.30. This implies that the grade of aggregation of the fruit flies population was relatively constant throughout the time despite the variation in sample means. Since the clump size (λ) value was more than 2, the aggregated distribution might be due to the behavior and environmental factors working together. Keywords: Bactrocera dorsalis complex, spatial, distribution, trapping, mango
11 citations
TL;DR: The results showed that the population of riptortus in each of the F2 soybean population at 7 and 15 days after infestation were >2 insects/25 plants, which enables the study of genetic resistance to soybean pod sucker.
Abstract: Riptortus linearis represents the most common pod sucking pest on soybean. Genetic studies on inheritance of resistance to the pest are needed. The study used B4400 and B3802 genotypes as resistant parents, Tambora as susceptible parent. Crosses were made to form F2 population of Tambora x B4400, and Tambora x B3802. A total of 10-20 seeds each of resistant and susceptible parents, 220 F2 seeds of Tambora x B4400 crosses, and 232 F2 seeds of Tambora x B3802 crosses were grown in pots, one plant/pot. The plants were infested with adult R. linearis (riptortus), at the R2 stage. The results showed that the population of riptortus in each of the F2 soybean population at 7 and 15 days after infestation were >2 insects/25 plants, which enables the study of genetic resistance to soybean pod sucker. Heritability values indicated that resistance to pod sucker was controlled by genetic factors. The resistance to riptortus in B4400 and B3802 genotypes was controlled by two recessive genes located at different loci, and interacted with each other with epistatic dominant reaction. With an assumption that B and C genes were dominant, hence the resistance genes found in both soybean genotypes were bbcc . Keywords: genetic resistance, soybean pod sucker Riptortus linearis L.
10 citations
TL;DR: The objective of this research was to identify RAPD marker polymorphism on gamma irradiation mutants compared to their parents, and showed that only 5 primers had polymorphism between mutants and their parents.
Abstract: Gamma irradiation to induce mutation in plant has been used intensively since several decades ago. On maize, 275 Gy gamma irradiation has been known to increase genetic variability indicated by its morphological variation. Identification of genetic changes by molecular technique is important to detect mutation on DNA level of the plants. The objective of this research was to identify RAPD marker polymorphism on gamma irradiation mutants compared to their parents. The initial step of the research was to select random primers which could positively amplify the maize DNA. The result showed that among 60 random primers there were 15 primers that positively amplified the maize DNA. Amplification of both mutants and their parents by those 15 selected primers indicated that only 5 primers had polymorphism between mutants and their parents. Polymorphisms on mutant G1, G3 and G6 were detected at one locus, while on mutant G7, G8 and G9 were at two loci.
10 citations
TL;DR: The analysis showed that the phenolics content of water hyacinth with methanol 60% equal to gallic acid 2.72 mg/kg was the highest phenolics, and the lowest phenolics by distilled water equal to catechin 1.94 mg/ kg as discussed by the authors.
Abstract: Analysis of the phenolics, flavonoids and tannins compounds has been done on water hyacinth leaves (Eichornia crassipessolms). The research was carried out in several stages, including: sample preparation, maceration extraction, and evaporation. The total phenolics constituted analysis by Folin Ciocalteu 50%, flavonoidss by using aluminium chloride 2% in ethanol, and tannins by using vanillin 4% solution in methanol, continued by using ultra violet visible spectrophotometry (UV-Vis) methods. The analysis showed that the phenolics content of water hyacinth with methanol 60% equal to gallic acid 2.72 mg /kg is the highest phenolics content, and the lowest phenolics by distilled water equal to gallic acid 1.07 mg /kg and the flavonoids with methanol 80% equal to 3.29 mg quercetin/kg is the highest flavonoids content, and the lowest by the distilled water of quercetin 1.65 mg /kg and the highest condensed tannins content by methanol 80% of 0.7 mg/kg catechin . The Fe 2+ content process with methanol 60% solution was 17.67 mg/kg, and with distilled water was 2.94 mg/kg. Solution without extract as sensitizer produced only Fe 2+ ion at 5.6 mg/kg and the extract solution without light at 0.06 mg/kg.
10 citations
TL;DR: The analysis showed that the phenolics content of water hyacinth with methanol 60% equal to gallic acid 2.72 mg/kg was the highest phenolics, and the lowest phenolics by distilled water equal to catechin 1.07 mg/ kg.
Abstract: Analysis of the phenolics, flavonoids and tannins compounds has been done on water hyacinth leaves (Eichornia crassipessolms). The research was carried out in several stages, including: sample preparation, maceration extraction, and evaporation. The total phenolics constituted analysis by Folin Ciocalteu 50%, flavonoidss by using aluminium chloride 2% in ethanol, and tannins by using vanillin 4% solution in methanol, continued by using ultra violet visible spectrophotometry (UV-Vis) methods. The analysis showed that the phenolics content of water hyacinth with methanol 60% equal to gallic acid 2.72 mg /kg is the highest phenolics content, and the lowest phenolics by distilled water equal to gallic acid 1.07 mg /kg and the flavonoids with methanol 80% equal to 3.29 mg quercetin/kg is the highest flavonoids content, and the lowest by the distilled water of quercetin 1.65 mg /kg and the highest condensed tannins content by methanol 80% of 0.7 mg/kg catechin
9 citations
TL;DR: IAC-100, and IAC-596-2 genotypes have good potential for used as resistant parents in a soybean breeding program and acts as a physical barrier in antixenosis resistance of soybean to the pod sucking bug.
Abstract: Factors involved in the mechanism of soybean resistance to pod sucking bug R. linearis were identified using resistant soybean genotypes, IAC-100, and IAC-80-596-2 and the susceptible variety, Wilis as a check. The role of trichomes in resistance was assayed removing trichomes from the pod shell, and seed coat and the resistance was determined based on the number of stylet punctures made by the bug. Seed of IAC-100 and IAC-596-2 that had longer, denser trichomes, higher crude fiber content and suffered fewer stylet punctures than Wilis. This suggested that denser and longer trichomes interfered with stylet piercing of the pod shell. When the trichomes of IAC-100 and IAC-596-2 were removed these genotypes were more susceptible to insect feeding. In further studies, replacement of IAC-100 and IAC-596-2 seed with seed of Wilis in the pods of resistant genotypes resulted less stylet punctures on the Wilis seed. It was concluded that denser and longer trichomes on pods along with harder pod shells acts as a physical barrier in antixenosis resistance of soybean to the pod sucking bug. Therefore, IAC-100, and IAC-596-2 genotypes have good potential for used as resistant parents in a soybean breeding program.
9 citations
TL;DR: It is concluded that the wide experimental characteristic of EPNs is also true for Steinernema sp.
Abstract: The pathogenicity, development and reproduction of Steinernema sp. , isolate Skpr-20/Str, were studied using Tenebrio molitor . Results revealed that pathogenicity, development and reproduction were significantly influenced by nematode doses. Although the number of invading IJs increased with increasing dose, percentage penetration declined. The IJs reached adulthood within 3 days. Females laid eggs from day 4-7. All eggs remaining inside uterus develop inside the maternal body. The first female bearing endotokia matricida was observed on day 5. In a sand-based assay, nematode was more pathogenic at lower dose instead of higher ones, where optimum dose was 80 nematodes per larva and average number of progeny per female was 5438. Under crowded conditions, development proceeds to IJ stage instead of the J3. The average length and width decreased with increasing of nematode doses. The IJ produced in cadavers infested with 640 nematodes per larva was significantly smaller (492 ± 6.4 µm) than offspring from other doses. The number of days which nematodes first emerged from the cadavers decreased with increasing dose. IJ first emerged at the average of 10-13 days at high IJ densities. It is concluded that the wide experimental characteristic of EPNs is also true for Steinernema sp. , isolate Skpr-20/Str. Keywords: development, emergence period, endotokia matricida , entomopathogenic nematode, isolation, pathogennicity, Steinernema sp. , isolate Skpr- 20/Str
9 citations
TL;DR: 'DNKW002' was a better donor for firmness and can be used as female parent in producing DN cultivar with high TSS and Correlation between Firmness and TSS was negative, hence the simultaneous selection was recommended.
Abstract: This study was conducted to evaluate the heritability, heterosis, and correlation among firmness, total soluble solid (TSS), and color in the F1 hybrids between two day-neutral (DN) and six short-day (SD) cultivars. The firmness of DN cultivars and the sweetness of SD cultivars were considered as a criterion in choosing parent cultivars. Parents and eleven F1 progenies were grown in completely randomized block design. Heritability of TSS, color (a*: opponent channel between red/magenta and green), and firmness was 0.67, 0.55, and 0.49, respectively. Most of the DN × SD hybrids had higher firmness and TSS than the crossing of SD × SD and DN × DN, respectively. In the DN × SD progenies, all heterosis values of TSS and most of heterosis of firmness were positive and negative, respectively. The genetic advance of TSS was higher than firmness. 'DNKW002' was a better donor for firmness and can be used as female parent in producing DN cultivar with high TSS. Correlation between firmness and TSS was negative, hence the simultaneous selection was recommended. Principle component analysis (PCA) based on characteristics indicated three groups: group of DN parents and hybrids of DN × DN, group of SD parents and SD × SD hybrids, and group of DN × SD and SD × DN hybrids.
9 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors select wheat genotypes that can adapt on the medium and low plains using a randomized complete block design repeated three times, with the objective of selecting wheat genotype x environment interaction significantly affecting yield.
Abstract: The research objective was to select wheat genotypes that can adapt on the medium and low plains. Twenty-seven genotypes and three varieties of wheat were grown in four locations in the medium and low plains since June-October 2009. The experiments were arranged using a randomized complete block design repeated three times. Analysis of variance performed at each location followed by a test of homogeneity of error range, the combined analysis of variance and yields stability analysis. Genotype x environment interaction significantly affecting yield. Stable genotypes and widely adaptable across locations were G-1 (1.94 t.ha -1 ), G-20 (1.24 t.ha -1
8 citations
TL;DR: The research showed that average life cycle of S. gilvifrons showed that the feeding capacity was greater in egglaying than that in non egg-laying females and males and the predator caught the preys from the front side, then chewed and sucked the body contents of adult preys or consumed the whole egg.
Abstract: The research aims to know the life cycle, feeding and mating behavior of predatory beetle S. gilvifrons, and was conducted at entomology laboratory of Assessment Institute for agricultural technology Malang East Java. The treatments involved feeding behavior and capacity of the various instars and imago of S. gilvifrons. The number of mites consumed within 24 hours by each stage of beetle was also recorded. The average voracity of five individual predators for each instar was determined. The result showed that average life cycle of S. gilvifrons feed on E. orientalis was 4.11 + 0.78; 8 + 1.10; 3.83 + 0.41, respectively for egg, larva and pupa. The predator caught the preys from the front side, then chewed and sucked the body contents of adult preys or consumed the whole egg. The feeding capacity was greater in egglaying than that in non egg-laying females and males. The smallest size of the cage (1.5 cm diameter x 5 cm long) and clear weather were the most preferred situation for S. gilvifrons mating, which usually occurs on the upper leaf surface. The male positioned itself over the female body and extended its aedeagus to reach the female.
7 citations
TL;DR: The results showed that storage root weight, storage root number, percentage dry matter and protein content could be used as the basis for a crop improvement program in sweet potato.
Abstract: A field experiment was conducted at the Research Station of Brawijaya University from April to August 2009. An augmented randomized complete block design with seven blocks was utilized, seven parental clones as standard treatments and seven half-sib families as augmented treatments. Each block consisted of seven parental clones plus one randomly assigned family of half-sibs. In addition, the first block contained 29 accessions, the 2 nd block had 120, the 3 rd block had 194, the 4 th block had 45, the 5 th block had 28, the 6 th block had 186, and the 7 th block had 108. Ten cuttings of each parental was planted in each block, along with a single plant of each accession. There were five improved clones identified with high protein content and high yield, ranging from 6.00-8.21% dwb and 1.95 to 2.73 kg/plant, respectively. Broad-sense heritability and genetic advance of storage root weight, storage root number, percentage dry matter and protein content were high, whereas vegetative biomass and harvest index were low. The results showed that storage root weight, storage root number, percentage dry matter and protein content could be used as the basis for a crop improvement program in sweet potato.
TL;DR: Correlation analysis shows that maximum temperature and relative humidity influenced flower and fruit production in Rubus spp and Rubus fraxinifolius had more economic value due to its ability to produce fruit throughout the year.
Abstract: Flowering and fruiting phenology were studied in five species of Rubus spp (Rubus ellipticus, Rubus fraxinifolius, Rubus lineatus, Rubus moluccanus, and Rubus pyrifolius) collected from Cibodas Botanical Garden from April 2009 to March 2010. Flowers and flower buds were produced every month by Rubus spp., in different amount except Rubus pyrifolius. Furthermore, each species had a different response to the environment factors. Correlation analysis shows that maximum temperature and relative humidity influenced flower and fruit production. Rubus fraxinifolius and Rubus lineatus had more economic value due to its ability to produce fruit throughout the year.
TL;DR: In this paper, the influence of addition of clay together with organic matter and intervals of irrigation to sandy soil on aggregate stability, bulk density, total soil porosity, water available content and plant growth of physic nut was investigated.
Abstract: Agricultural sandy soil in Situbondo, East Java province, Indonesia which is used as a center garden for physic nut seed production has poor physical properties of soil indicated by low capacity to retain water For plant growth of physic nut, the sandy soil physical properties need to be improved In this study, the influence of addition of clay together with organic matter and intervals of irrigation to sandy soil on aggregate stability, bulk density, total soil porosity, water available content and plant growth of physic nut was investigated The rates of clay and organic matter incorporated to top sandy soil were 5% clay + 08% organic matter and 1O% clay + 16% organic matter Two intervals of irrigation tested were 10 days and 20 days The results showed that incorporation of clay together with organic matter increased aggregate stability, total soil porosity, available water content and plant growth of physic nut Intervals of irrigation had no influence of soil physical properties and plant growth Keywords: agricultural, sandy soil, clay, organic matter, soil properties, physic nut
TL;DR: In this article, a study was conducted to test the effectiveness of a small pool of rainwater harvesting usually termed as a small farm reservoir (SFRs) as a complementary source of irrigation water in improving the productivity of farming on marginal land.
Abstract: Rainwater harvesting is a water conservation measures. Water is harvested in addition to reducing runoff, and erosion control can be used as a supplemental source of irrigation for crops on marginal land. A study was conducted to test the effectiveness of a small pool of rainwater harvesting usually termed as a small farm reservoir (SFRs) as a complementary source of irrigation water in improving the productivity of farming on marginal land. The experiment was conducted from December 2005 to August 2007 in Buanasakti, East Lampung, Indonesia. Three SFRs with a volume of 7 x 3 x 2.5 m (50 m 3 were made on upland at sloping area (8-15%) of 1.5 ha. Further rain was deposited to be used by farmers for crop watering, especially in the early dry season. Extensive planting of crops that can be irrigated with SFRs, based on consideration of the farmers themselves. Observation result indicated that the SFRs were used by the farmers to water the vegetables and tobacco plants with different extents. However, on average, the presence of SFRs increased the planting area of vegetables such as beans and cucumbers in the dry season to 650%. Increased intensity of cultivation of vegetables and tobacco cultivation also increase farmers' income of 1.5 ha of marginal land as much as 37.49%. Keywords: small farm reservoir, supplemental irrigation, vegetables, marginal land
TL;DR: In this article, the authors studied the effect of different types of rock phospahate on maize on Ultisol soil using randomized complete block design, 8 treatments and 5 replications.
Abstract: Rock phosphate is a slow release phosphate source which can be directly used on acid soils. There are some rock phospahate deposits in Indonesia. Total phosphate and calcium content in rock phosphate vary between 8.79 – 31.88% P2O5, and 0.60 – 57.50% Ca. The objective of these research is to study the Indonesian rock phosphate effectivity for maize on Ultisol soil. The research wasconducted at green house using randomized complete block design, 8 treatments and 5 replications. The treatments consist of 5 kinds of different Indonesian rock phosphate, control, supherphos fertilizer and Tunisia Rock Phosphate as a standard comparison of P fertilizer.Relative Agronomic Effectivenes Analyses was used to see the effectivity of each rock phosphate. The result of these study shows that the effectiveness of Rock Phosphate from Jampang Tengah Sukabumi (DE-1), Brati Kayen Pati (DE-9), Padaherang Ciamis (DE-3), and Karang Mulya Ciamis (DE-5) were aqually the same as Superphos. Indonesian Rock Phosphate's effectivenesswas almost the same as Tunisian Rock Phosphate. Phosphate fertilizing using rock phosphate obviously increased the soil content of phosphorus, both the available P and the reserved ones, and Superphos did better than the rock phosphate. Rock phosphate effectivity on Typic Plintudults was lower than thaton Typickanhapludults.
TL;DR: 10 variants have the potential to be developed as drought resistant genotypes, however, these ten potential genotypes need to be tested further in field trial to find out the yield adaptability and stability and their resistance to drought stress.
Abstract: This research was conducted to evaluate the yield potential of 19 somaclonal variants resulting from in vitro selection when planted under drought stress condition in the field. Field test was done by planting the variants, the parents, and checked varieties in the field during dry season, and was irrigated once a week for non-stress and once two weeks for drought stress treatment. Split-plot design arranged in a factorial (2 x 28) with three replications was used in this research. Observations were done on yield and yield components. Analysis of variance was used to see the difference between treatments and then it was continued with analysis using Honestly Significant Difference test to find out the best treatments. There was no interaction between genotype and drought stress on seed yield. Different genotypes showed a significant difference on this character. It indicated that the yield potential of selected variants was not affected by drought stress treatment. This research gave 10 variants having the potential to be developed as drought resistant genotypes. However, these ten potential genotypes need to be tested further in field trial to find out the yield adaptability and stability and their resistance to drought stress. Keywords: somaclonal variants, in vitro selection, drought stress, soybean, selection
TL;DR: In this article, the optimum shading level and type of fertilizer as sources of nutrition on the growth, yield, and andrographolide content of sambiloto was determined.
Abstract: Growth and biochemical content of medicinal crops are influenced by agroecosystems characteristics . The objective of this research was to determine the optimum shading level and type of fertilizer as sources of nutrition on the growth, yield, and andrographolide content of sambiloto. The experiment used Split Plot Design with basic design of Randomized Complete Block Design arranged with two treatment factors, with three replications. The first factor as the main plot was shading levels, namely without shading, 25% shading, 50% shading, and 75% shading. The second factor as the sub plot was sources of nutrition reprented by type of fertilizer, namely NPK fertilizer, cow stable fertilizer, and compost fertilizer. The result of research indicated that shading level and the kind of nutrition influenced some growth and yield variables such as number of leaves, number of branches, plant height, plant dry weight and simplisia weight, and andrographolide content. Interaction of shading level at 25% and straw compost fertilizer performed best in growth characteristics, while the highest andrographolide content resulted from the treatment combination of 50% shading level and straw compost fertilizer. Keywords: fertilizer,nutrition, shading, andrographolide, Andrographis paniculata
TL;DR: The objective of this study was to identify the adaptability of twelve artemisia mutant genotypes, which were planted in three locations with different altitude, as a result of gamma irradiation and the model used was AMMI2 which was able to explain up to 100% of interaction-influenced variation.
Abstract: The objective of this study was to identify the adaptability of twelve artemisia mutant genotypes, which were planted in three locations with different altitude, as a result of gamma irradiation. Randomized Complete Block Design (RCBD) was applied in this research with three replications as blocks. The genotypes 1B, 1C, 1D, 2, 3, 4, 5A, 6B, 7A, 8, 14, 15 and two control genotypes as parent genotype from seed and from in vitro were used. The genotypes were planted in three different locations such as Mount Putri, Cianjur (1450 m above sea level), Pacet, Cianjur (950 m above sea level) and Cicurug, Sukabumi (540 m above sea level). Based on the method of postdictive and predictive success, the model used was AMMI2 which was able to explain up to 100% of interaction-influenced variation. The genotypes which were found stabile and adaptive in these three locations were 1B, 1C, 1D, 6B and 15. Genotypes 3 and 7A were adaptive specifically in Pacet area, 5A was adaptive for Gunung Putri while genotype 4 was for Cicurug only. Keywords: AMMI, Artemisia annua , mutant genotype, adaptability
TL;DR: The objectives of this research were to find out inbred line diversities based on the phenotype characters and the molecular marker using SSR and showed significant difference among genotypes of maize on the entire of the observed phenotype characters.
Abstract: The objectives of this research were to find out inbred line diversities based on the phenotype characters and the molecular marker using SSR. The research was performed from February to June 2011, which was divided into field research and laboratory research for molecular analysis. The molecular analysis was conducted at the Biotecnology Laboratory, Faculty of Agriculture, Brawijaya University of Malang. The field trial was done in Kandat, Junrejo, Batu. Materials were used 35 genotypes of maize. Steps for molecular analysis at the laboratory were as followed: (1) DNA isolation, (2) DNA-quality test, (3) PCR SSR, (4) Visualization of the amplification result. The field trial was done by planting genotypes using a RCBD with 2 replications. Result of the dendogram analysis showed that 35 genotypes of maize were divided into 2 main clusters, A and B, that having 35% similarity level. Result for the analysis of variance showed significant difference among genotypes of maize on the entire of the observed phenotype characters. Heritability (H) ranged 61.8% - 98.1%. Coefficient of variance ranged 0.71 – 7.20%. Analysis on the genotypic correlation ranged 0.06 – 1.0. Numbers of rows ear -1 showed significant correlation, in which Jaccard’s similarity coefficient (r s ) = +0.43
TL;DR: In this paper, the effects of manure and P sources on soil physical properties and yield of foods crop that was arranged on intensive cropping systems of upland rice + maize -/- cassava- mungbean.
Abstract: Acid upland soil in Indonesia has a great potential for agricultural development but the soil physical properties have been degraded. The use of manure and direct application of Gresik phosphate rock (PR) was an alternative to improve land productivity and crop yields. The objective of the study was to evaluate the effects of manure and P sources on soil physical properties and yield of foods crop that was arranged on intensive cropping systems of upland rice + maize -/- cassava- mungbean. The experiment was carried out in Tamanbogo Station Farm, East Lampung since 2007 until 2009 using randomized complete block design with 3 replications. The treatments were (1) 10 t ha -1 manures+1 t ha -1 of PR, (2) Without manure+1 t ha -1 of PR, (3) 10 t ha -1 manures+100 kg ha -1 of SP 36, and (4) Without manure+100 kg ha -1 of SP 36. The results showed that the application of manure along with PR improved soil physical characteristics of ultisol soil and gave the highest yield of foods crops with B/C in year 3 th was 3.60.
TL;DR: This research employed DNA markers and morphological traits to identify CMV tolerant individuals in BC3 that were the most similar to their recurrent parents in order to shortcut the backcrossing cycle in chili pepper (Capsicum annuum L.).
Abstract: Superior hybrid and CMV tolerant cultivar development requires a pair of highly hetero- beltiosis parents and both of which are CMV tolerant Gene introgression has to be accom- plished if the tolerance does not exist in the parents The objective of this research was to employ DNA markers and morphological traits to identify CMV tolerant individuals in BC3 that were the most similar to their recurrent parents in order to shortcut the backcrossing cycle in chili pepper (Capsicum annuum L) This research used fifteen BC3 populations generated from crosses between PBC1354 and PBC378 hybrid parents and tolerant parents of C1024, C1042 and C1043 The BC3 populations were previously selected for their CMV tolerance and were characterized by RAPD technique as well as morphological traits Selection by means of both RAPD markers and morphological traits identified BC3 individuals with 999% similarity to their respective recurrent parent B3A24-20, B3A29- 13, B3A29-22, B3B12-13, B3B37-9, B3B12-25, B3C16-5, B3C16-16, B3C34-18 genotypes were 999% similar to PBC378; meanwhile, B3D11-8, B3D11-17, B3D38-5, B3E12-17, B3E20-22, B3E31-19 were 999% similar to PBC1354 Those genotypes were both similar to their recurrent parents and tolerant to CMV The employed strategy shortened CMV tolerance gene introgression through backcross breeding
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors analyzed the rainfall infiltration capacity of sago baruk palm grown at different altitudes and found that sago stem weight and pith weight were significantly influenced by the altitudes.
Abstract: The aim of this study was to analyze the production of sago, to analyze its chemical composition and nutrient content, and to analyze the rainfall infiltration capacity of sago baruk palm grown at different altitudes. The research was conducted from October 2010 to June 2011 in Gunung Village, Tabukan Tengah, district of Sangihe. The village is laid from the coast to the top of the hill with an altitude of ±600 m above sea level. The data analysis techniques used in this research were descriptive analyses and F test ANOVA. The results showed that sago stem weight and pith weight were significantly influenced by the altitudes. The heaviest stem weight was obtained at the bottom position, while the heaviest pith weight was obtained at the top position, and for the largest ratio of sago flour to palm stem was obtained at the top position. The chemical compositions were significantly different in the levels of protein, calcium, iron, magnesium, and pH at the three altitudes. The infiltration capacity near the cluster was higher than that of the outside cluster, both in dry and rainy seasons.
TL;DR: The results showed that the stability of the rhizome yield in each locations was achieved by UB3 and UB4 clones, while the constant high curcumin content was obtained byUB4.
Abstract: Interactions between genotype and environment is affect yield and curcumine content of temulawak (Curcuma xanthorrhiza Rox). The aims of the study was to determine stability of yield and curcumine content in diffrent enviromental condition. Field experiment was conducted during 12 month of year 2010, and Randomized block design with three replications was applied at four locations : Sragen, Malang, Pasuruan and Sumenep. The materials tested consists of five clones : UB1, UB2, UB3, UB4, UB5 included control ( Balitro clone). The results showed that the stability of the rhizome yield in each locations , achieved by UB3 and UB4 clones. The highest rhizome weight was obtained by UB2 at 34,63 t/ha, while the constant high curcumin content was obtained by UB4. Clones UB1 and UB5 suitable to be developed on marginal lands and clone UB2 adaptive on high fertility environment.
TL;DR: The dominant gene action observed on all yield-related characters suggests that the evaluated shallot genotypes are potential to be used in breeding for high yielding hybrid varieties.
Abstract: Low productivity of shallot in Indonesia can be improved through development of high yielding variety. The availability of genetic information related to the character being improved is inevitable for effective breeding program. In this study, seven shallot genotypes were evaluated for their combining ability for yield improvement using half diallel cross. Heterosis effect and heritability estimate was also investigated for yield-related characters. The results showed that there were significant differences in general combining ability (GCA) and specific combining ability (SCA) among the evaluated genotypes. Tiron and Timor had the greatest GCA. The greatest SCA and heterosis value was found in crosses of Kuning/Tiron, Timor/Bima Juna, Tiron/Timor and Kuning/Sibolangit. Heterosis effect varied from low to high. Broad sense heritability estimate for all characters was high, but narrow sense heritability was low for most charaters. The dominant gene action observed on all yield-related characters suggests that the evaluated genotypes are potential to be used in breeding for high yielding hybrid varieties. Keywords: GCA, SCA, heterosis, heritability, shallot
TL;DR: In this article, the effect of three nitrification inhibitors viz, 3.4dime-thylpyrazo-lephosphate (DMPP), 4-Chlormethylpyrazole (ClMP) and dicyandiamide (DCD) on mineral nitrogen dynamics of (NH 4 ) 2 SO 4 in soil incubated at 25 o C in soils.
Abstract: Experiments were conducted under laboratory conditions to elucidate the effect of three nitrification inhibitors viz, 3.4dime-thylpyrazo-lephosphate (DMPP), 4-Chlormethylpyrazole (ClMP) and dicyandiamide (DCD) on mineral nitrogen dynamics of (NH 4 ) 2 SO 4 in soil incubated at 25 o C in soils. The quantitative determination of ammonium, nitrite and nitrate were carried out spectrophotometrically, while potential denitrify-cation capacity (PDC) was measured gas chromatographically. DMPP, ClMP and DCD were used on recommended rates of 90kg N ha -1 corres-ponding to 0.36µg DMPP; 0.25µg ClMP and 10µg DCD g -1 dry soil. In all treatments, the influence of 1, 10, 50, 100, 250 and 500 times of the recommended-concentrations were examined. Results suggested that DMPP, ClMP and DCD applied at rates generally recommended for agricultural use may not be effective to inhibit nitrification. Thus even at the highest tested NIs-concentrations, nitrate and nitrite formation still occurred. Application of high concentrations of these chemicals up to 180µg DMPP, 125µg ClMP and 2500µg DCD were needed for inhibiting nitrification completely. The three NIs began to inhibit PDC at 10 to 50 times recommended concentration and were more effective in sandy than in loamy or clay soils. ClMP influenced PDC at much lower concentration as DMPP or DCD. Keywords: nitrification inhibitors, mineral nitrogen dynamics Normal 0 false false false EN-US X-NONE X-NONE
TL;DR: In this article, a wide range of analytical parameters were studied including physic-chemical viz., proximate composition, yield, pH, total solid, total acidity, solubility; minerals content (Ca, Fe, and Zn) and heavy metals (Cd, Hg, As, and Pb); total phenolic content (TPC), tannin content, gallic acid (GA) content, and free scavenging activity of DPPH (EC50).
Abstract: In this study, relationships between physic-chemical, mineral and antioxidant properties of water-soluble extracts of Labisia pumila var. alata are proposed. A wide range of analytical parameters were studied including physic-chemical viz., proximate composition, yield, pH, total solid, total acidity, solubility; minerals content (Ca, Fe, and Zn) and heavy metals (Cd, Hg, As, and Pb); total phenolic content (TPC), tannin content, gallic acid (GA) content, and free scavenging activity of DPPH (EC50). Data were analyzed by ANOVA and principal component analysis (PCA). Based on PCA analysis, TPC, GA content, moisture content, crude protein, and zinc content were found to have a significant positive correlation (r close to 1) to antioxidant activity. Cluster analysis (CA) resulted in four groups of L.pumila (LP). These results provide useful data about the relationships and chemical patterns in LP leaves.
TL;DR: It was suggested that for ex situ conservation on certain species of Dendrobium and Phalaenopsis in the category of rare germplasms, tissue culture could be applied effectively and efficiently by using explant from adventive shoot tip, floral stalk buds and seed derived protocorm-like body explant for vegetative seed multiplication.
Abstract: The studies were focused on developing an efficient and effective propagation protocol for orchid species from genera Dendrobioum and Phalaenopsis through tissue culture. The Materials used were explants from adventive shoot tip, floral stalk buds and PLBs derived from seeds. The results indicated growth and development of adventive shoot tip explants of Dendrobium: a high survival percentage for explant with green color was shown by D. racianum, followed by D. laxiflorum, D. pseudo- conantum, D. strebloceras, D. lineale, and D. veratrifolium. However, plantlets regeneration occurred only on D. pseudoconantum, and D. strebloceras. Explant regeneration from seed derived protocorm-like bodies on D. spectabile occurred 40 days after inoculation transfer and subculture. High survival percentage of explant from floral stalk shoot was shown by P. amabilis. There were several plantlets surviving in acclimatisation. Explant regeneration from seed derived from protocorm-like bodies on P. hieroglypha occurred 40 days after inoculation and subculture. It was suggested that for ex situ conservation on certain species of Dendrobium and Phalaenopsis in the category of rare germplasms, tissue culture could be applied effectively and efficiently by using explant from adventive shoot tip, floral stalk buds and seed derived protocorm-like body explant for vegetative seed multiplication.
TL;DR: The results showed that highest germination, simultaneity growth, seedling dry weight, and length of primary root, were priming treatment with distilled water for 12 hours, which gave higher germination percentage and synchronity growth.
Abstract: Priming is a process that controls the process of hydration of seeds for the ongoing metabolic processes before germination. Research on priming was conducted at ICERI seed laboratory from May to September 2009 to evaluate the effect of different priming methods on wheat seed vigor. Physical properties and chemical composition of seed were evaluated before seeds were treated. The priming treatment were conducted by soaking 250 g of seed in 500 mL of solution for hydropriming and halopriming. Two seed lots of Nias and Dewata variety were subjected to heated and unheated distilled water for 12hours and subjected to KCl and CaCl 2 at 10, 20, and 30 ppm and unprimed seed. The experiment were arranged in completely randomized design, replicated thrice. Vigor evaluation by observed seed germination, simultaneity growth, germination rate, seedling dry weight, electric conductivity of seed leakage and length of primary root. The results showed that highest germination, simultaneity growth, seedling dry weight, and length of primary root, were priming treatment with KCl 30 ppm and CaCl 2 20 and 30 ppm. Priming with distilled water for 12 hours gave higher germination percentage and simultaneity growth. Keywords : priming, wheat, seed, vigor
TL;DR: The result showed that B bassiana isolate managed to be isolated from the three natural habitats involving larva Spodoptera litura and Helicoverpa armigera, the soil, and surface of tomato leaves, and varied growth rate was indicated by isolate from each habitat.
Abstract: Virulence of fungus Beauveria bassiana as pathogen on insect can be predicted according to phenotypic character in colony morphology. First of all, isolates of three different habitats were taken. Furthermore, their phenotypic characters was further characterised in B. bassiana colony and the colony growth rate was also monitored. The three natural habitats comprised insects, soil in tomato plantation and the surface of tomato leaves. The result showed that B bassiana isolate managed to be isolated from the three natural habitats involving larva Spodoptera litura and Helicoverpa armigera , the soil, and surface of tomato leaves. B bassiana isolate of insect habitat represented phenotype in colony morphology with curved character, while isolate of the leaves’ surface and soil indicated phenotype in colony morphology with raised and bowl-shaped character. In addition to the colony characters, varied growth rate was also indicated by isolate from each habitat. Isolate of insect with curved colony character represented higher growth rate than that of the leaves’ surface or the soil with raised and bowl-shaped colony character. The colony with curved character represented phenotypic character of isolate B bassiana with high growth rate. Thus, B. bassiana isolate with the curved colony of insect served as an isolate which was expected to be virulent as controlling agent to biological elements. Keywords: B. bassiana isolate, phenotypic characters in colony morphology, colony growth rate, habitat of fungus Normal 0 false false false EN-US X-NONE X-NONE
TL;DR: In this paper, the spatial and temporal distribution of natural enemies of wild plants: Mimosa pudica, Vernonia cinera, Marsilea crenata, and Pistia startiotes on agricultural land was determined.
Abstract: Human activities in seeking agricultural lands, has change the traditional agricultural system into intensive cultivation system. One effort to minimize intensive agriculture system is the use of natural enemies to control pests. Habitat management should be implemented by creating habitat favored by natural enemies. This research aims to determine the spatial and temporal distribution of natural enemies of wild plants: Mimosa pudica, Vernonia cinera, Marsilea crenata, and Pistia startiotes on agricultural land. This research was conducted in March-April 2010 in Malang Sawojajar farmland. Plants placed in the corner field (refugia areas), visiting insects was observed starting from refugia areas and two meters away from the refugia area. Observations of insect use the "visual control" metode. The results showed that natural enemies visiting to the refugia areas were 6 orders (15 families): Coleoptera, Odonata, Aaraneae, Hymenoptera, Diptera, and Orthoptera. Not all natural enemies have spatial and temporal distribution, only 9 families who indicate a pattern spatial or and temporal distribution. Overall, natural enemies do not show any significant spatial pattern (F> 0.05), but indicate a temporal pattern (F