Showing papers in "Anales De Psicologia in 2009"

Intervalos de confianza asimétricos para el índice la validez de contenido: Un programa Visual Basic para la V de Aiken

Abstract: The present document reporting a Visual Basic computer program for compute the Aiken’s V coefficient, this used for quantification of the content validity, and their confidence interval in specified levels of previously Type I error rate. The construction of confidence intervals is performed using the score method, and it was published in Penfield and Giacobbi (2004). The growing use of this method and of the confidence interval approach is fitted to the request of improving the results in infer-ential statistic procedures for the psychological research. It is discussed their use in applied context.

Conducta prosocial y rendimiento académico en estudiantes españoles de educación secundaria obligatoria

Abstract: Title: Prosocial behaviour and academic achievement in Spanish students of compulsory secondary education. Abstract: This study analyzed the prevelence of the prosocial behaviour and its relationship with two indexes of academic achievement, school records and repeating a school year, in a sample of 2022 Spanish students (51.1% boys) of compulsory secondary education. The prosocial behav- iour was measured with the Prosocial Behaviour scale of the Teenage Inventory of Social Skills (TISS). Results revealed that the proportion of prosocial students was 17.35%. The prosocial behaviour was significant and moder- ately more prevalent in girls than boys, finding a significant increase in grades 9 and 10 (d < .20). The proportion of prosocial students with all the approved subjects was significantly higher that the reported for the no-prosocial students group (d = .10). Likewise, the percentage of proso- cial students that repeat a school year was significantly smaller that the percentage found in the group of prosocial students that not repeat a school year (d = 2.43). Logistic regression analysis revealed that the proso- cial behaviour was a positive and statistically significant predictor of the academic success (OR = 1.01; 95% CI = 1.01-1.02), being the academic success, in turn, a positive and statistically significant predictor of the prosocial behaviour (OR = 1.44; 95% CI = 1.11-1.87).

Prevalencia de las dificultades específicas de aprendizaje: La dislexia en español

Abstract: The main purpose of this research has been to analyze the prevalence of specific learning disabilities in Spain. A first study was con-ducted in the Canary Islands region to demonstrate that “learning prob-lems” is one of the most identified areas in the Special Education field. This fact is a consequence of the lack of specific criteria to identify stu-dents with “Learning Disabilities”. Consequently, a second study was de-signed to test whether the identification of LD students should not be only based on curricular criteria but also on standardized specific criteria in each academic subject (i.e., reading, writing, arithmetic, etc.). We found that the greater proportion of individuals with special educational needs is identified as LD. Likewise, when used psychometric criteria for LD identi-fication, the percentage obtained is lower. By this way the counsellors could provide an educational response more appropriate to these children.

El desarrollo de la identidad en la adolescencia y adultez emergente: Una comparación de la identidad global frente a la identidad en dominios específicos

Abstract: Title: Identity development in the adolescence and emergent adulthood: a comparison of global identity versus identity in specific domains. Abstract: The aims of this study were to examine the development and structure of identity across adolescence and the influence of the main social support sources and self-esteem in this process. Measures were taken in a sample of 283 young people between 14 and 22 years, including two measures of identity development (global identity and domain-specific identity, relational and school identity), perceived social support and global self-esteem. Results pointed out a progressive development of the identity, especially at the late adolescence and in school domain. Sex dif- ferences highlighted faster identity development in girls, both in relational and school domain. The moderate, but consistent, contribution of self- esteem and social support to identity development is also discussed. Peer social support is a decisive factor in identity development, more than parental support.

El engagement en el trabajo. Cuando el trabajo se convierte en pasión

Abstract: The book discusses concerns about the engagement, which, according to the authors, occupational health and related human resource management from a positive approach. Derive from it two key concepts: the empowerment and employability. This review will leave from such conceptual basis for nuancing their impact on the field of occupational health from a preventive perspective. It will analyze how the engagement (including social contagion or collectivization) contribute to creating healthy organizations in the world of work, just at the opposite burnout syndrome, as evidenced by the classic demands-resources model. In this light, work organization, on the one hand, be decisive, and secondly, in terms of personal resources, the authors also remarked the decisive role of self-efficacy. A bet, in essence, for holistic health.

Factores de riesgo predictores del patrón de consumo de drogas durante la adolescencia

Abstract: The aim of this study was to estimate the relation between the pattern of alcohol, cannabis and tobacco use in adolescents and the so-cialization factors as predictors of consumption The sample consisted of 292 students from 1st to 4th grade of secondary school Several discrimi-nant models were defined as a function of different individual and sociali-zation variables Firs, the high level of tobacco consume were distin-guished among those adolescents with a family education without well established norms, the existence of cannabis consume and an early age of onset Secondly, the adolescents consumed more often when they had peers with favour attitudes to consume and they also used cannabis more often Finally, the more consume of cannabis, the higher consume of tobacco and alcohol as well, easier access to drugs and more peers with positive attitudes and behaviours through the drugs It is discussed the role of social, demographic and family variables as a risk factor for the transition from experimental to frequent use of substances in adolescence and the implications for the development of preventive programs

Identificación organizacional y conducta “intraemprendedora”

Abstract: Title: Organizational identification and "intrapreneurial" behavior. Abstract: This study aims to analyse the influence of Organizational Identification on employees' "Intrapreneurial" Behavior (IB). For this purpose, we tested a psychosocial model which explains the influence of organizational factors (management support, work discretion, rewards, time availability and task uncertainty) on IB through the mediation of organizational identification. The sample consists of 618 employees from several governmental and private organizations. They filled out an anony- mous questionnaire. Structural Equation Modeling (SEM) was used to ana- lyze the data. The results confirm the validity of the model proposed and the role of organizational identification as a mediator variable of organizational factors' effects. Therefore, if a person identifies him or her self with the organization where he or she works, it is more likely that he or she takes risks and pursues innovative actions that will be to the advantage of the whole organization.

Perfiles motivacionales de los usuarios en centros deportivos municipales

Abstract: Title: Motivational profiles in local sport centers Abstract: The purpose of this paper was to detect motvational profiles in local sport centres. Based on self-determination theory (Deci y Ryan, 1985, 1995, 2001) and the Vallerand's integrated proposals (1997, 2001), it was expected that at least two motivational profiles would emerge: a self- determined profile and a conditioned motivationally profile toward physi- cal activity. In order to reach the purpose of this study, questionnaires were administered to 727 users, aged between 14 and 78 years, from two local sport centers. A cluster analysis produced two motivational profiles which were rep- licated in the second sport center. The first cluster was named the 'self- determined profile' because the users reported higher level of self- determined motivation, perception of task-involving climate, incremental belief, perceived competence and perception of autotelic experience than the second of motivational profiles. The second cluster was named the 'conditioned motivationally profile', with a higher external motivation and desmotivation than the first one and also higher scores on perception of ego-involving climate and entity belief. Furthermore, a chi square analysis showed that the formation of both profiles were widely determined by the user's previous practice in physical activity. The results demonstrate the importance of developing competence, incremental belief and self- determination, as it was associated with high level of perceived autotelic experience and other adaptative patterns which empowerment the adher- ence to physical activity.

Factores asociados a la depresión en adolescentes: Rendimiento escolar y dinámica familiar

Abstract: The study of the connection between depression and academic achievement in adolescents has not been totally clarified because of the use of different tools for the evaluation of depression and several parame-ters for taking academic achievement into account. On the other hand, it is important to mention that, in spite of the influence of the family dynamics on depression and academic achievement have been analyzed, the analysis of either of these has been done individu-ally. 245 adolescents currently attending to school participated on the research in order to analyze a) the relationship between their academic achievement and their depression standards, they were evaluated through the Kovacks and Zung depression inventories, b) the connection between three tools that asses family relationships, and c) the relation between depression standards, academic achievement and family dynamics in ado-lescents Differential connections between academic achievement and depres-sion were found depending on the tool with which the latter was evalu-ated. The connection between depression, family dynamics and academic achievement is not set by the general average at school, but, in a particular way, by the average in some subjects and by an assessing family dynamics tools subscale.

Neurociencia social: el maridaje entre la psicología social y las neurociencias cognitivas. Revisión e introducción a un nueva disciplina

Abstract: Title: Social neuroscience: The marriage between social psychology and cognitive neurosciences. A review and an introduction to a new discipline. Abstract: Social neuroscience is a new discipline emerging from the com- bination of the research in social psychology and cognitive neurosciences whose aim is the study of the biological foundations (immune, endocrine, neural) of social cognition and behavior, combining the most advance tools of cognitive neuroscience as neuroimaging and neuropsychology, along with the research in cognitive sciences and social sciences as social psychology, economics and political sciences. This paper makes an histori- cal introduction and a review of the main subjects of social neuroscience: social perception (perception of faces, bodies and actions); theory of mind; understanding other's emotions; self-consciousness (self- recognition, sense of agency and sense of ownership, self-reflection, self- concept, autobiographical memory); self-regulation; attitudes and preju- dices; and social rejection.

Percepción de los estilos educativos parentales e inadaptación en menores pediátricos

Abstract: Title: Perceived parenting styles and maladjustment in pediatric children. Abstract: This paper presents the results of a study with a sample of 103 children between 8 and 12 years old who completed the Test Autoevaluativo Multifactorial de Adaptacion Infantil. The aim of this study was to examine the relationships among personal and social maladjustment and the perceived parenting styles, and also to determine child gender differences. Using four regression analyses we tried to examine the relationships between Personal and Social maladjustment scales and the Customized education (Authoritative style), Permissiveness (Permissive style) and Restriction (Authoritarian style). The results demonstrated that Authoritarian style has a positive relationship with personal and social maladjustment in boys and girls.

Consumo de sustancias y conductas sexuales de riesgo para la transmisión del VIH en una muestra de estudiantes universitarios

Abstract: Resumen es: Los nuevos casos de infeccion por VIH afectan principalmente a la poblacion joven, siendo las conductas sexuales de riesgo una de las principales vias de...

Análisis del burnout en profesores no universitarios de la región de murcia (españa) en función del tipo de centro docente: público versus concertado

Abstract: The burnout is an emotional and mental illness that appears in professions with human interactions. The objective of this study was to analyze the influence of the type of school at the onset of burnout. We de-signed a cross-sectional study by filling in questionnaires in a population of 200 teachers from non-university levels. As variables were measured, depending on the type of school: epidemiological data, stress level and consequences, and burnout by the Maslach Burnout Inventory. The epide-miological results have shown significant differences in age, seniority and job stress level (p < .05), being the sex, marital status, number of children and emotions similar in both groups. The level of burnout has been the same regardless of the type of center. Our study has shown that a profes-sor at a public shows less support in 5 areas: amount of support, valua-tion, motivation, emotional support and satisfaction. No differences in the area of support heard. Regarding collective, the support received from students makes the difference between teachers in both types of centers, remain a constant in each of the areas discussed. The support of groups of friends, family and parents is the same for all teachers, regardless of the center. In conclusion, the type of school affects the level of stress and so-cial support received by the teacher, although the level of burnout is the same. Preventive measures are needed to prevent this disease and bridge the gap between centres trabajo.

Afrontamiento ante exámenes: Desarrollos de los principales modelos teóricos para su definición y medición

Abstract: The transactional model of coping developed by Lazarus and Folkman (1984) has been the most accepted model in research on coping. Its contributions have enabled the study of exams as a specific stress situation characterized as a complex process with significant changes in the use of various strategies through different stages. Although, there are numerous studies and coping measures created from this model, their developments have been complemented by the contributions of the multi-axial and proactive coping model, which highlights the capacity of social networks to identify coping behaviors as well as the ability to anticipate stressful situations by cognitive and behavioral processes to find the best strategies, respectively. All these models have developed instruments for measuring both general and specific to exams situations, some of which are described in this article.

Las revistas españolas de Psicología: Cómo elegir la revista donde publicar

Abstract: The quality, prestige and influence of a psychological journal are not easy to determine. The most widespread and best known assessment criterion is the impact factor (IF) by the Institute for Scientific Informa-tion (ISI of Thomson-Reuters). Nevertheless, despite its undoubted quali-ties, the IF has many limitations and to use only IF to assess the Spanish psychology journals is confounding. From these considerations, our work is aimed at revising the criteria to assess Spanish psychology journals in order to help authors to choose the suitable journal and thus obtain the best dissemination, prestige and visibility for their work.

Voluntariado y tercera edad

Abstract: El objetivo de este articulo es presentar una revision de los trabajos llevados a cabo hasta el momento en torno al voluntariado y la tercera edad. La revision se organiza en tres temas: factores que explican el desarrollo del voluntariado en poblacion mayor, vinculacion entre volunta-riado y trabajo remunerado y beneficios que se derivan de la practica del voluntariado. Por ultimo, se presenta un apartado de conclusiones en el que, en funcion de los datos aportados previamente, se describen estrate-gias que pueden llevar a una mejor gestion de este tipo de voluntarios por parte de las entidades de voluntariado.

Estrés laboral y salud: Indicadores cardiovasculares y endocrinos

Abstract: Title: Work stress and health: Cardiovascular and endocrine indicators. Abstract: Nowadays, work stress affects to a great part of the working population. In consequence there was an increasing number of publica- tions using different methodologies and background. However, the psy- chobiological mechanism that is under work stress and disease relationship is not clear yet. The main objective of this work is to review the main aspects of the work stress investigation from an interdisciplinary point of view pointing out some of the biological variables that are implied. First, a brief introduction will be made, summing up the different methodologies employed. After this, we will describe the relationship between work stress and cardiovascular disease, and concretely the role of blood pressure. Furthermore, we will show the evidence between work stress and cortisol levels, concretely the cortisol awakening response as a marker of chronic stress. Finally, an explanation of the possible mechanisms involved in the work stress and disease relationship will be exposed.

Características psicosociales y psicopatológicas en una muestra de adolescentes españoles a partir del Youth Self-Report/11-18

Abstract: In this study we analyzed the psychosocial competences and psychopathological characteristics assessed by the YSR/11-18 in a sample of 961 Spanish adolescents from 13-18 years. The results indicated that men scored high in various social activities and externalized psychopa-thologies, while women have high scores for performance in different tasks and internalized symptoms. Younger adolescents showed higher scores than older ones in participation in groups and organizations, as well as in most of the YSR/11-18 syndromic scales, while older adolescent’s preferred no sports activities and works or tasks. Students at Compulsory Secondary Education and Non-Compulsory Secondary Education showed more activity than those in Vocational Training Cycles in all psychosocial competencies, but the latter overcame the first in most of the syndromic scales. Adolescents without romantic relation scored higher in the psycho-social competencies than those who enjoyed romantic relation, although the second ones showed more psychopathology than the first ones. Fi-nally, working (in addition to studying) did not seem to be relevant in determining differences regarding the psychosocial competencies and syndromic scales.

Inteligencia emocional como alternativa para la prevención del maltrato psicológico en la pareja

Abstract: Title: Emotional intelligence as alternative for the prevention of the psy- chological abuse in the couple. Abstract: The article emphasizes the need of the employment of the emotional intelligence as a constructive alternative for the prevention of the psychological abuse in the couple. Basing on the researches that affirm that habitually the manifestations of psychological abuse in the couple are before the physical (Follingstad, Rutledge, Berg, Hause & Polek, 1990; Loring, 1994; O'Leary, 1999) and that the impact in the victims is equal or superior to the caused one for the physical abuse (Henning & Klesges, 2003; Marshall, 1992; Sackett & Saunders, 1999; Street & Arias, 2001), we emphasize the need of a preventive primary intervention. It treats that victims and aggressors break with the stereotypes marked by the genre and learn across the emotional intelligence to establish relations of couple based on the empathy, the dialog, the negotiation, the cooperation and the constructive resolution of conflicts. The analysis of the emotional compe- titions carried out from the model multifactorial of Baron (1997) helps our thesis on the importance of an integral prevention that involves in his measures both women and males and avoids to incur the deceitful percep- tion of considering the violence to be a problem "women's patrimony" (Bonino, 2000).

Effectiveness of a program for early detection/intervention in children/adolescents with generalized social phobia

Abstract: The aim of this paper is to study the effects of the psychological treatment Intervencion en Adolescentes con Fobia Social / Intervention in Adoles-cents with Social Phobia (IAFS / IASP; Olivares, 2005) in the version for 10-14 year olds, analysing its effects without the cognitive restructuring com-ponent. The sample is composed of 82 children and adolescents (73% female; 27% male) with generalized social phobia and a mean age of 11.91 years (SD = 1.33; range: 10-14 years). Participants were randomly assigned to three experimental conditions: 25 to the wait list control group, 28 to the complete IAFS condition and 29 to the IAFS without cognitive restructuring condition. The results show significant changes (improvement) in all the de-pendent variables evaluated in the two treatment conditions.

Actividad estructurada vs. actividad desestructurada, realizadas en solitario vs. en compañía de otros y la experiencia óptima

Abstract: Title: Structured vs. unstructured activity, carried out alone vs. in the com- pany of others, and the optimal experience. Abstract: This is the presentation of the results of an empiric work, about the differences observed in the flow experience depending on the type of task (structured vs. unstructured) that is carried out, on the way in which it is carried out (alone vs. in the company of others) and on demographic variables (age and sex) in children and adolescents. The sample included 801 participants from 9 to 15 years of age, who attend either public or private schools of middle socioeconomic level. The flow experience was evaluated by means of the Questionnaire of Optimal Experience for chil- dren and adolescents (Mesurado, 2008). The results indicate that children and adolescents who choose structured tasks as intrinsically motivating activities, they reach a higher level of optimal experience that those who choose unstructured tasks. Also, it can be observed that when they carry out the tasks in the company of others, they go through higher optimal experience that when they do so alone. In the same way, there are differ- ences connected to age, but not to sex, since both females and males experience similar levels of satisfaction o gratification during the perform- ance of an intrinsically motivating task.

Hombres y trabajo doméstico: Variables demográficas, salud y satisfacción

Abstract: Title: Men and house-work: Demographic variables, health, and satisfac- tion. Abstract: The purpose is to analyze men's dedication to house-work and to child care, its relation to their health and satisfaction, and to determine the influence of sociodemographic variables (age, educational level, and type of family). The participants were 193 Spanish male workers (between 27 and 63 years of age), with children and diverse educational levels. The results show that men devote little time to house-work; age has an effect, but not the educational level or the number and age of the children. The fact that men do not perform house-work (which is done by the women) is related to higher satisfaction and better health. It seems that the role of men and women has not varied substantially with regard to previous generations.

Conciliación de la vida familiar y laboral: Estrategias de afrontamiento y reparto de las obligaciones familiares en parejas de doble ingreso

Abstract: Within research on the attempts to conciliate/balance the la-bour/familiar role demands, it studies the differential importance and structure that have a set of coping strategies and distribution of familiar obligations for members of dual-income couples. The multidimensional scaling (SSA) allows verifying the shared and individual structure of dis-tribute-coping strategies in the couple members. Means comparison shows similarities and differences between men and women in their preferences for diverse coping responses

Sintomatología asociada a agresores sexuales en prisión

Abstract: Title: Associated symptomathology with sexual offenders in prison. Abstract: In this investigation a study of the symptoms of psychological malaise of 20 internal punished men of the Prison of Pereiro de Aguiar (Ourense) who fulfilled sentence by crimes against the sexual freedom, with an age rank that oscillated between the 22 and 61 years old. Two sub- groups in function of the type of crime committed with object formed to compare their psychopathological profiles: those that fulfilled sentence by sexual crimes against adult victims and the suffered ones by sexual crimes against minors. To all the internal ones it was applied to the Clinical Interview and the Registry to them, the Listing of Symptoms (SCL-90-R), the State-Trait Anger Expression Inventory (STAXI), the Scale of Impul- sividad (BIS-II) and the Scale of Self-esteem, obtaining the sociodemo- graphical, penal and psychopathological profile in which, besides to find the global scores of the group of sexual delinquents in general, the scores of sub-group were compared both. The results indicate that the sexual delinquents of adult women present/display more symptoms of hostility, whereas in the child abusers more symptoms of phobic anxiety with a significant level of gravity are detected.

El análisis factorial confirmatorio y la validez de escalas en modelos causales

Abstract: This research discusses the role of structural equation models and, specifically, confirmatory factor analysis, regarding the validity of the measurement scales when a casual model is proposed The viewpoints of Hayduk (1996) and Borsboom, Mellenbergh and van Heerden (2004) are discussed, in order to provide a framework upon which researchers can decide how to proceed in applied research The divergences of these per-spectives with regard to the widespread use of the two-step procedure (Anderson and Gerbing, 1988) should encourage thinking about the suit-ability of the confirmatory factor analysis, and the adequacy of the empiri-cal procedures for studying criterion, convergent and discriminant validity

Trastornos de personalidad y edad: Estudio con personas sin hogar

Abstract: Title: Personality diseases and age: A study with homeless. Abstract: In this study, carried out a research on personality disorders in homeless people and their relationship with age. The objective was to analyze whether there is relationship between age and personality disorder suffered by the subject. To do this, a study ex post facto, future-oriented, with a sample of homeless people in a process of integration (N = 77) to which they applied a semi-structured interview and Inventory Millon Clinical Multiaxial (Millon, 1997). The results show how the disorder is the most antisocial present in the overall sample (35.06%), being most preva- lent in children under 30 years (52.63%), decreasing their presence disap- pear with the age of the subject and, there is a high incidence of the disor- der dependent between 30 and 49 years (38.46%) and the narcissistic disorder increases as does the subject's age, reaching 66% in people older than 50 years. Finally, discusses implications of the study in clinical prac- tice and future research.

Patrones de comunicación, diferenciación y satisfacción en la relación de pareja: Validación y análisis de estas escalas en muestras españolas

Abstract: Title: Communication pattern, differentiation and satisfaction in couple relationships: validation and anaysis of these scales in Spanish samples. Abstract: Studies about violence point out that there is a relationship between Communication Patterns, Differentiation in the Couple and with Satisfaction with the Partner, and the family violence research (Badcock, Waltz, Jacobson y Gottman, 1993; Bartle y Rosen, 1994; Cook and Frantz- Cook, 1984; Penn, 2002). However, the scales which measure these vari- ables are not available in Spanish. Hence, it was necessary to adapt and validate them. In the present work, we do it, focussing on their psycho- metric properties. Finally, we describe the correlations between these three variables, paying special attention to the relationships that emerged be- tween the different questionnaire's subscales and the satisfaction with the couple scale.

Late life depression: A literature review of late-life depression and contributing factors

Abstract: Literature provides a wide variety of information about food in- take, physical illness, and psychological disorders among the aging popula- tion. Late-onset of depression is one of the most common mental health problems in adults aged 60 or older. The primary purpose of this paper is to investigate the relationship between late-life depression and nutrition intake among older adults. Secondly, literature has indicated that late-life depression is influenced by genetic, situational, illness-related biological and psycho-social factors. However, late-life depression, relative to early- onset depression, appears to be less influenced by genetics and more in- fluenced by environmental factors. Psychological models postulate that late-life depression arises from the loss of self-esteem, loss of meaningful roles, loss of significant others, decline of social contacts, reduction of physical ability, financial difficulties and decline in coping skills. For these reasons, the contributing social, physical and psychological factors are briefly investigated in relation to nutritional aspects. Therefore, the scope of this paper will examine the social, physical, and psychological issues that directly or indirectly affect food intake and consequently depression in the elderly population.

Inventario de Obsesiones y Compulsiones-Revisado (OCI-R): Aplicabilidad a la población general

Abstract: The Obsessive-Compulsive Inventory - Revised (OCI-R; Foa et al., 2002) has became the measure of election for the assessment of obses-sive-compulsive behaviors, given its validity and the short time that its administration requires. Nevertheless, the OCI-R not yet has been studied on samples from the general population. In the present study the psycho-metric properties of the Spanish version of the OCI-R in two groups of subjects have been analyzed: university students (n = 247), which will allow comparing the results with those of previous studies, and general population (n = 395), which will allow generalizing these results to people without known clinical pathology or with subclinical symptoms. The factorial structure, the reliability and the convergent, divergent and crite-rion validity of the OCI-R were analyzed. The results show a factorial structure and psychometric properties of the Spanish version of the OCI-R similar to the ones found on the original version and, as expected, mod-erate relationship between the OCI-R scores and related variables: intru-sions, dysfunctional beliefs, worry, and perfectionism. It is concluded that the Spanish version of the OCI-R is applicable to the general population.

Aplicación de los modelos de ecuaciones estructurales a la identificación de las variables predictoras de la fidelidad a un centro comercial

Abstract: There is a vast literature about the attraction and choice of the commercial establishments, with different proposals about the involved variables and different models which try to explain both constructs. Even so, this has not brought about definitive conclusions from the point of view of the management. But there is an agreement in affirming that there are many factors influencing the attraction and choice of a shopping cen-tre. The classical approach point out the importance of several kinds of factors: personal characteristics of consumers (age, status, life style...), distance from the establishment to consumer, commercial and services offer and advertis-ing. The aim of this research is to test an integral model which contains elements from the four types, from a psychosocial perspective and incor-porating also consumer involvement. Thanks to the realization of a personal interview to 220 subjects and using structural equation modelling, we could check that Distance as well as the Advertising play a main role and, therefore, we must pay a special attention to both in the design and man-agement of modern shopping centres.