Showing papers in "Annual Review of Psychology in 1982"
TL;DR: In this paper, the scope and range of ethnocentrism in group behavior is discussed. But the focus is on the individual and not on the group as a whole, rather than the entire group.
Abstract: INDIVIDUAL PROCESSES IN INTERGROUP BEHAVIOR 3 From Individual to Group Impressions 3 GROUP MEMBERSHIP AND INTERGROUP BEHAVIOR 7 The Scope and Range of Ethnocentrism 8 The Development of Ethnocentrism 9 Intergroup Conflict and Competition 12 Interpersonal and intergroup behavior 13 Intergroup conflict and group cohesion 15 Power and status in intergroup behavior 16 Social Categorization a d Intergroup Behavior 20 Social categorization: cognitions, values, and groups 20 Social categorization a d intergroup discrimination 23 Social identity and social comparison 24 THE REDUCTION FINTERGROUP DISCRIMINATION 27 Intergroup Cooperation and Superordinate Goals " 28 Intergroup Contact. 28 Multigroup Membership and "lndividualizat~’on" of the Outgroup 29 SUMMARY 30
6,550 citations
581 citations
TL;DR: Affective Disorders 426 Affective Disorders 425 Schizoaffective Disorders 428 Schizophrenia 429 CONCLUSION 431.
Abstract: INTRODUCTION 403 Area of Coverage 403 Current Trends 404 PERCEPTION AND RELATED PROCESSES 406 Visual Perception 406 Reading Disability 407 COGNITION 407 New Designs, New Data 407 Analysis of Multiple Kinships 411 General Intelligence vs Specific Ahilities 414 Group Differences 416 PERSONALITY AND TEMPERAMENT 416 Early Behavior Patterns 416 Family Influences 417 The Nature of Environmental Influences .... _ 421 Diff erential G and E Influences Across Traits 422 LONGITUDINAL STUDIES 423 New Methods of Analysis 423 Current Research Emphasis 424 PSYCHOPATHOLOGY 426 Affective Disorders 426 Schizoaffective Disorders 428 Schizophrenia 429 CONCLUSION 431
233 citations
TL;DR: The role of Contiguity in education is studied in the context of major subjects such as science, literature, art, and philosophy.
Abstract: Role of Contiguity . Other issues • • CONTENTS OF LEARNING .... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ..... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .... . . . . . . . . . . Pavlovian Conditioning .
172 citations
TL;DR: The aim of this monograph is to demonstrate the efforts towards in-situ applicability of EMMARM, as to provide a uniform standard for this procedure to be applied in the context of clinical practice.
Abstract: INTRODUCTION History . Taxonomy .. Chapter Organization .. SOURCES OF ELEMENTARY MENTAL OPERATIONS ... . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ...... .. Methodology .. Reading and Listening .. Analog Processing .. Motor Control .. Problem Solving .. Summary .. THE COORDINATION OF ELEMENTARY MENTAL OPERATIONS .. Competition for a Common Resource . MUltiple Sources of Processing Capacity . INDIVIDUAL AND DEVELOPMENTAL DIFFERENCES IN MENTAL OPERATIONS .... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. Infancy .. Individual Differences . Personality . 478 478 479 481 482 482 484 489 492 494 495 496 496 498
142 citations
TL;DR: This chapter discusses the effects of Fear-Motivated Behavior on Analgesia, as well as other factors, such as memory effects, Hedonic effects, and so on.
Abstract: INTRODUCTION 87 A NALGESIC EFFECTS 89 The Experimental Paradigm 89 Testing Analgesia 89 Tail .flick . . .. ... 89 Hot plate 90 Chemically induced pain 90 TRIGGERING THE ENDORPHINS 91 Shock-Induced Analgesia 91 Fear-Induced Analgesia .... .. 92 Unsettled Problems . 93 OTHER BEHAVIORAL EFFECTS 94 Effects on Fear-Motivated Behavior .. 94 Memory Effects 95 Hedonic Effects 96 Metabolic Effects 96 Efficts and Functions 97
135 citations
134 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors discuss the relationship between criminal justice and mental health, and discuss the role of role components, evidence components, role components and role components in the legal process.
Abstract: INTRODUCTION 442 SUBSTANTIVE LAW 443 Competence 443 To consent to treatment ........ ........ ...... 444 To waive rights 445 The Criminal Sanction ... ....... 445 Deterrence ....... ..... ... ........ ... ......... .... ....... ..... ..... ..... 446 Rehabilitation ......... ... ....... ..... ....... ..... ..... ..... 447 THE LEGAL PROCESS 447 Role Components 448 Jurors 448 Defendants. .•.••.•.•.•.• .•.•.•. ..••........ ..... .•.•. .•.•. ........ ... ......•. ...•. .•.•.•. ..... 449 Process Components 449 Evidence. . 449 Procedure ......... ..... ........ ..... ....... 450 Dec ision-rules 451 THE LEGAL SySTEM 452 Criminal Justice System 452 Mental Health System 453 Interactions Between Criminal Justice and Mental Health 455 RECURRING ISSUES 456 Questions 0/ Theory 456 Questions 0/ Method 459 Questions 0/ Influence 463 CONCLUSION 466
93 citations
84 citations
38 citations
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TL;DR: Somatic deficits resulting from localized lesions in posterior parietal cortex resulting from Somatosensory area II lesions and response characteristics of neurons in area 7b and in retroinsular cortex 185 Somesthetic deficits due to localized lesion resulting from SII lesions.
Abstract: PERIPHERAL NEURAL PROCESSING 157 Taxonomy of Afferent Fibers Innervating the Primate Hand 158 Mechanoreceptors • •.......• •....... 159 Thermoreceptors .. ....... .•....... .•......... ......... 161 Nociceptors ... ......... ....... ..... .... ..... ........ ..... 162 R !:;u��?';s����::.������� .. ��.���.��:.:.���� .. ��.�������.��r:.� .. ����� 162 Texture DlScrlm matlOn 162 Spatial gratings .. ••.•••• ••••••••• ..... ........ ..... .•. 162 Two-dimensioned spatial patterns ..... ... .• ..... 165 Sensing Changes in Skin Temperature • 167 CENTRAL NEURAL PROCESSING 169 TOUCH AND THE PRIMATE CEREBRAL CORTEX 170 Postcentral Gyrus 171 Connections of postcentral gyrus •••••••••••. 172 Representation of body surface in postcentral gyrus 173 Representation of other stimulus features in postcentral gyrus.... ........ 176 Sensory loss following localized lesions of the postcentral gyrus.. ........ 177 Somatosensory A rea II .... 178 Connections of somatosensory area II (SII) ...... ...... .... ...... 179 Response characteristics of neurons in SII ........ ...... ....... 179 Behavioral deficits resulting from SII lesions .. ........ 181 Oth er R egions of Neocortex R esponding to Somatic Stimulation 183 Bradmann Areas 5 and 7b and R etroinsular Cortex 184 Connections........ ....... ....... ....... ..... ........ ..... 184 Response characteristics of neurons in area 5 ...... ........ 184 Response characteristics of neurons in area 7b and in retroinsular cortex 185 Somesthetic deficits resulting from localized lesions in posterior parietal cortex 185
TL;DR: The author revealed that race, religion, social class, stress, COPing, and ABNORMALITy had changed significantly since the publication of the original book in 2012.
Abstract: INTRODUCTION .. . . . . . . .. ..... ........ . . . 232 SOCIAL CLASS AND ABNORMAL BEHA V[OR ........ ..... . .. ..... ... 233 Social Class and Prevalence 234 Social Class and Treatment 235 Social Class and Programs 237 RACE AND ABNORMAL BEHAVIOR .... . . . .... ...... . . . .... 238 Use of Standardized Tests .. 239 RELIGION AND ABNORMAL BEHAVIOR . ..... ...... . ... . . . ...... . . . . 240 CULTURE AND ABNORMAL BEHAVIOR ........ . . ........ ......... . . ..... . . ..... . .. 241 Culture and Prevalence 241 Culture and Prognosis 244 Culture and Treatment 244 Culture and Attitudes 245 LABELING VS THE MEDICAL MODEL ..... ........ . . ....... ..... 245 SOCIAL CLASS, STRESS, COPING, AND ABNORMALITy . . . . ....... 247 Stress and Coping 247 Social Class 248 SOCIAL CLASS AND CHILD DEVELOPMENT 252 CONCLUSION . . .... . . ..... ......... ...... .... ... ....... . . .... ..... 259
TL;DR: In this paper, a detailed description of trainee's training is given and an outcome of the training is discussed, as well as the psychological change in the gradients of the course.
Abstract: INTRODUCfION 515 DEMOGRAPHIC DATA ON EST ........ ....... . . . . . . . 518 A DESCRIPTION OF EST TRAINING 518 OUTCOME OF EST TRAINING 523 Testimony of est Graduates 523 Psychological Change in est Graduates 524 Psychiatric Casualties Among est Trainees 528 EST AS PSyCHOTHERAPy . . .. . . . . . . ..... . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . 531 est as Behavior Therapy 531 est as Group Psychotherapy 533 est as Existential Psychotherapy 534 SUMMARY 538