Showing papers in "Asian Journal of Applied Sciences in 2020"

Improving the Socio-Economic Wellbeing of Rural People: Analysis of the Impact of the Community and Social Development Project (CSDP) tn Odukpani Local Government Area of Cross River State, Nigeria

Abstract: The objective of the study is to examine the impact of Cross River Community and Social Development Project (CSDP) on the socio-economic wellbeing of the rural poor of Odukpani Local Government Area of Cross River State, Nigeria.the study specifically examine the extent to which the Cross River Community and Social Development Project (CSDP)in terms of the provision of socio-economic facilities and provision of basic health care facilities relates to the socio-economic wellbeing of the rural poor of Odukpani Local Government Area of Cross River State, Nigeria. the study adopted The Expost Facto research method. The sample size for the study is three hundred and eighty four (384) derive from 13 wards in Odukpani Local Government Area drawn using the purposive sampling technique, the simple random technique, and the systematic technique. The instrument of data collection was the questionnaire. Data collected from the field was analysed hypothesis by hypothesis, each was testing using Pearson Product Moment Correlation statistical tool at 0.05 level of significance. Result from the analysis of data revealed that Cross River Community and Social Development Project (CSDP)in terms of the provision of socio-economic facilities and the provision of basic health care facilities significant relates to the socio-economic wellbeing of the rural poor of Odukpani Local Government Area of Cross River State, Nigeria. The study therefore recommends that Socio economic activities/programmes such as skill acquisition should be extended to other local government areas of the state as this will avail other community to benefit positively from same.

Changes Of Some Engineering Properties Of Coffee Beans Due To Roasting Process

Abstract: The changes in physical, mechanical, and colours after roasting in two-level were investigated. Aims of this study were to evaluate changes in the physical, mechanical, and colours due to the roasting process of the Arabica and Robusta coffee bean grown in Cisalak Sub-District, Subang District-West Java. Results of analysis determined that the roasting process resulted in decreasing the moisture content of green coffee bean from 13.8% to 6,54% of first-level roasted bean and 6.24 of the second-level roasted bean, while that of robusta decreased from 11.22% to 7.56 and 6.12%. First-level roasting was categorised as a light roast, while the second-level was a medium roast. The Roast Weight Loss of arabica and robusta from green to light roast bean were 19.45 % and 16,24%, respectively, and that to medium roast bean was 26.20% and 22.37%, respectively. The roast volume change of arabica and robusta from green to light roast bean were 50.55% and 44.30 % respectively, and that to medium roast bean were 54.65% and 55.92 % respectively. The total colour differences between green with light and medium roast bean of arabica were 6.39 and 2.52, while that of robusta were 6.19 and 2.49, respectively.

Evaluation of Drug-Related Problems in Ischemic Stroke Patients Undergoing Inpatients at the National Brain Center Hospital (RSPON) in 2018

Abstract: Stroke is a cerebrovascular disease that is increasingly found. Stroke carries a high risk of death. Victims can reverse vision and /or talk, paralysis, and confusion. In Indonesia, around 550,000 new stroke patients every year. This figure is considered to be very high and ranks third as the cause of death in Indonesia, after cardiovascular and cancer. Many factors can cause stroke, diabetes, hypertension, and high cholesterol levels, so treatment is needed for more complicated drug therapy to deal with stroke and its associated diseases. The more complex the drug, the more challenging the doctor to receive the right drug therapy. Therefore, in clinical practice, various drug-related problems can increase. Therefore, identifying DRP is an important priority for health professionals to improve health-related quality of life in stroke patients. OBJECTIVE—Evaluating drug-related problems in ischemic stroke patients undergoing hospitalization at the National Brain Center Hospital (PON) in 2018 METHOD—Non-experimental research with quantitative descriptive analysis using medical records of inpatient ischemic stroke patients. RESULTS AND CONCLUSIONS—174 male ischemic stroke patients (69.32%); 77 female patients (30.68%); The age of most ischemic stroke patients was in the range of 50 -59 years 85 patients (33.86%); and the least was at the age of <40 years; 7 people (2.79%); Most types of JKN insurance financing were used by 220 people (87.64%) at least 1 patient was guaranteed by the company (0.40%); The longest stay in the hospital was 60 days for a maximum of 1 person (0.40%) and the shortest was 3-10 days for 225 people (89.64%); The most prescribed number of drug items was 70-80 items per person (0,40%) and the least was 5 to 10 drug items received by 60 patients (23,90%); Most comorbidities were hypertension + dyslipidemia 83 patients (33.03%) and the least was hypertension 5 people (1.98%); The most prescribed group of drugs was 468 prescribing (13.81%) drugs which affecting the blood clotting process, and the least prescription antibiotic medications was 122 times (3.63%); Medication errors, were the most given drugs, with a very large dose of 13 times (43.33%) and the least wrong drug; wrong dose; wrong dosage form; and the wrong frequency for each was 1 case (3.3%); Drug interactions which had the most moderate criteria were 1313 cases. Keywords— Ischemic Stroke, PON Hospital, Drugrelated Problems _________________________________________________________________________________

Biocontrol Potential of Rhizospheric Fungi from Moringa Oleifera, their Phytochemicals and Secondary Metabolite Assessment Against Spoilage Fungi of Sweet Orange (Citrus Sinensis)

Abstract: This investigative study aimed to assess the antifungal potential of Trichoderma viride and Penicillium chrysogenum isolated from Moringa oleifera rhizosphere against spoilage fungi of Citrus sinensis, as well as evaluate their phytochemical profile. The bio-agents (T. viride and P. chrysogenum) and the Citrus sinensis spoilage fungi were isolated following standard microbiological protocols. Initial in-vitro screening of the isolated bio-agents against the citrus pathogens in the confrontational assay was done. Phytochemical screening and antifungal activity of metabolites produced by the bioagents against the pathogens were also investigated. The inhibitory concentration (minimum/maximum: MIC and MFC) of the bioagent metabolites on the citrus pathogens was also assessed. The isolation screening investigation indicated that citrus pathogens isolated were P. digitatum, A. wenti, C. tropicalis and F. oxysporum and that P. digitatum had the highest frequency (43 %) of occurrence. The results also revealed that T. viride and P. chrysogenum significantly inhibited the pathogens on petri-plates using dual-confrontational assay. The phytochemical profile of the bioagents indicated there were flavonoids, cardiac glycosides, phenols, alkaloids, tannins, saponins and steroids present. Metabolites of the bioagents against the pathogens indicated that T. viride recorded the highest MIC against Fusarium oxysporum77±1.0and the highest MFC against Aspergillus wentti 97±1.0. Also, P. chrysogenum recorded the highest MIC against Fusarium oxysporum 59±1.0 and the highest MFC against Fusarium oxysporum74.33±1.52. This study indicated the antagonistic potentials of using Trichoderma viride and Penicillium chrysogenum in controlling pathogens of citrus sinensis and this could be exploited further in formulating biopesticides to improve post-harvest qualities of Citrus.

On the Available Work Limits at Constant Heat and Entropy Production

Abstract: In this paper, using the combination of the first and second laws of thermodynamics, the work bounds in thermodynamic cycles are investigated generally and, to show the application, the results are extracted for some physical systems. Also, a new concept on the available work limits is extracted. To provide information on the maximum or minimum amount of work to be done during a thermodynamic cycle, energy balance, as well as irreversibility, should be considered. Entropy production during a thermodynamic cycle as a limiting criterion for work to be done is expressed as Clausius inequality. Therefore an inequality extracted from the first and second laws of thermodynamic to obtain lower and upper bounds of available work. The obtained upper bound of the work to be done is in agreement with Carnot’s rule. The lower bound is obtained at the maximum possible irreversibility during the respective cycle.

Utilization of Liquid Smoke from Cocoa pod husk (Theobroma cocoa L) for Germination of Red Seed (Capsicum annum L)

Abstract: Research has been carried out on the use of cocoa pod husks for making liquid smoke. Liquid smoke is the result of condensation from direct or indirect combustion vapors from materials that contain lignin, cellulose, hemicellulose and other carbon compounds. This research was conducted to determine the effect of liquid smoke from cocoa pod husk on the germination of red chilli seeds (Capsicum annuum L). The first stage of this research is the manufacture of liquid smoke from the cocoa pod husk using pyrolyzer. The resulting liquid smoke is subjected to chemical and physical quality testing, and is applied as a liquid fertilizer for red chilli seeds (Capsicum annuum L). The test results of making liquid smoke from the cocoa pod husk showed that the yield of liquid smoke produced was 19%. The results of the analysis of the chemical quality of liquid smoke in the third grade by using GCMS detected 30 chemical components, the main component as a liquid smoke characteristic is acetic acid, phenol, carbamic acid compounds. The results of the physical quality analysis of liquid smoke show a very strong smell, reddish brown, and black sediment in the form of tar. The results of the testing of liquid smoke on the germination of red chilli seeds showed that the concentration of liquid smoke (0%, 0.5%, 1%, 1.5%, 2%, 2.5%, 3%, 3.5%, 4% , 4.5% and 5%) have a very significant effect on the maximum growth potential and germination of red chili seeds (Capsicum annum L).

Brazilian Perspectives: Society, Stratification and Income Distribution

Abstract: This paper aims to present a general evaluation on the inequality, income distribution and social mobility in Brazil between 2002 and 2014, under the governments of the Workers' Party. In this way, from the methodological point view, it is based on both a review of the literature about that subject and an investigation of the primary sources of the Brazilian social policies. Among the results found out, it can be highlighting the following sample: 1) historically, Brazilian society has been marked by inequality in several ways, and this is probably a consequence of his colonial legacy; 2) In the period between 2002 and 2014, Brazilian social inequality declined; 3) the decline of inequality can be explained by income growth, higher schooling levels and labor formalization, but the targeted social program, Bolsa Familia, also contributed to income convergence; 4) Brazil slashed poverty from 25 percent of the population in 2004 to 8.5 percent in 2014, and extreme poverty declined from 12 to 4 percent over the same period. Conclusively, it’s affirmed, for example, that the reduction of inequality in Brazil was the result of firm political decisions, as well as of the quality in management and implementation of the public policies by the technical teams.

Why brain drain in the Nigerian health sector

Abstract: One prime problem facing developing countries is the exodus of its skilled labour to advanced nations for greener pasture. This study therefore examines whether remuneration, workers’ safety and working equipment accounts for brain flight among health practitioners in Nigeria. Survey research design was used. The research approach was predominantly quantitative with less qualitative components incorporated for participants to give recommendations. The study statistically analyzed data using linear regression, and the results showed that remuneration, workers’ safety and working tools significantly elicited brain drain among health personnel. We suggested among others critical policy reforms that would address inadequacies in working environments in public and private hospitals.

The First Isomorphism Theorem on QI-algebras

Abstract: The aim of this paper is to construct the first isomorphism theorem of QI-homomorphism of QI-algebras. The concepts of normal QI-subalgebras and quotient QI-algebras are also investigated.

The Effect of Residues of Plant Rotation Patterns with Cover Crop Legums on Soil Organic Carbon Dynamics and Corn Products During Two Seasons of Planting

Abstract: This study aimed to estimate wherewith the residual effect of the crop rotation pattern with the cover crop lagoon on the dynamics of soil organic carbon and maize yield during the two growing seasons in the Kupang region of Indonesia. The treatments evaluated were: maize rotation pattern with several types of seasonal legume cover crops and how to return the legume biomass. The results showed a very significant increase in soil organic carbon and maize yield. The rotation pattern with legumes P. lunatus, M. pririens and C. juncea had a statistically significant effect on increasing soil organic carbon storage and maize yield during the two growing seasons. These three types of legumes still have a positive effect until the second planting season where there is an increase in soil organic carbon storage (at a depth of 0-30 cm) of 0.75-1.19 % C-organic (82.08 to 84.38 t.ha soil carbon storage) compared to C.chayan and control treatment which decreased soil organic carbon storage was greater. About maize yields, up to PS2 still showed relatively stable results, namely only a decrease in maize yield (kg.ha) of 3.14% -4.19% compared to C. chayan which decreased yields of 15% and without control rotation ) with a reduction in yield of up to 30% . The method of restoring the cover crop legume biomass with the mulching technique was able to increase soil organic carbon storage by 0.71%, and the yield of dry shelled maize (kg.ha) on PS-2 only decreased yield by 2.48% compared to the immersion method which reduced the yield up to 11, 02%. This study found that the rotation pattern does not need to be done every planting season. Still, it is sufficient to do it in intervals of two to three growing seasons. The residual effect can significantly guarantee the maintenance of organic carbon stocks in the soil. With the assurance of soil organic carbon stores coupled with proper management, soil productivity is maintained and sustainable. When soil organic carbon increases, it can benefit maize and other food crops. Keywords--Rotation pattern, residual effect, Legumes cover crop, soil organic carbon, Corn Results _________________________________________________________________________________________________

Geometric Modeling of Medical Filtered Back-Projection Images

Abstract: ABSTRACT— This paper deals with the geometric concepts of medical imaging. The main result is proving this novel achievement that the time-frequency projections from some angles in the filtered back-projection image can be calculated by the surface area of the convex body and symplectic Holmes-Thompson volume. For this purpose, the necessary notions are introduced by the surface area of a convex body of the corresponding projective spaces, Radon and Fourier transform in integral geometry, Holmes-Thompson measure in Finsler-Minkowsi-symplectic geometry. This result leads to the other correspondence between basic notions of medical imaging such as the projections from some angles which are equally spaced, the image-frequency of these projections, the low image correctness, and the corresponding notions of Finsler geometry.

The Biomechanical Properties of Rattan Cane in the Design and Fabrication of Prosthetic Foot

Abstract: --In designing prosthetics for amputees, quality and quantity of materials determine device tensile, flexural, extension and compression strength as well as energy distribution when load is applied. Biomechanical properties contribute in combination to any device longevity and resolution force effect to gait expression. Four different dry rattan canes were sampled and subjected to biomechanical analysis, and sample 3 had highest tensile strength with ultimate tensile strength of 11.5N/mm revealed when load at break of 668.18N applied, and modulus 1033.90MPa with ductility of 7.33mm were resultant. While average ultimate tensile strength of 8.68N/mm was sustained by load at break of 396.66N, modulus of 1119MPa and ductility of 9.5mm was confirmed of rattan cane. Highest flexural strength of 34.43N/mm resulted from load at break of 32.82N, modulus 255.65MPa and elongation of 66.81mm was dictated of sample 3, and an average Flexural strength of 26.4 N/mm occurred when load at break of 16.04N, modulus 229.16MPa produced elongation (ductility) of 55.1mm on rattan cane. The highest load resistance was shown by sample 3 at compressive strength of 8.79MPa when on load at break of 330N, modulus 622.53MPa resulted. While sample 4 had the highest compressive strength of 9.94MPa when load break at 309N exerted modulus 283.14MPa. Gait analysis revealed terminal swing and heel strike of chosen height 8cm and deformity 0cm while early and mid stance of 0.3cm and 7.7cm were respectively for deformity and height. Keywords---Rattan Cane, Biomechanical Properties, Fabrication, Prosthetic Foot _________________________________________________________________________________________________

Tridiagonal Matrices with Permanent Values Equal to k-Jacobsthal Sequence

Abstract: We provide a proof that the permanents of certain tridiagonal matrices are natural numbers in a k-Jacobsthal sequence. As a consequence, such matrices are convertible.

Variability between socio-cultural groups and generations of traditional knowledge of the use of Euphorbia poissonii Pax in Benin

Abstract: This study was conducted in the Municipality of Savalou to assess endogenous knowledge related to the use of Euphorbia poissonii in the Mahi and Nago ethnic groups. The survey was conducted through individual interviews with 112 people. The Relative Frequency, the Use Value, Fidelity and Cultural Importance index were used to assess the importance of each use. Correspondence analysis (CA) was used to describe the relationship between the categories of use and ethnicities and between the parts used of the plant and the ethnics groups. The analysis showed that the plant, Euphorbia poissonii, falls under three levels of major medicinal use, including: medicinal use of the stem, sap and leaf, which is the most common practice of the Mahi sociocultural group (UV=1.58) like Nago (UV=1.35). It helps to effectively treat measles (FL=23.08), incurable wounds (FL=22.30) and scorpion sting (FL=22.30). Powder, infusion and decoction are the forms of preparation of the products most used by the skin. The two socio-cultural groups all hold and effectively various knowledge of the use of different derivatives of the plant. The importance and increasing use of Euphorbia poissonii puts this plant under various pressures and threats from the population and it has no conservation measures to this day. Finally, this study not only alerts but also provides a scientific basis to define strategies for the conservation and protection of this neglected species.

Essentially Compressible Modules Relative to A Submodule

Abstract: In this work, the new notion is defined namely essentially compressible relative to a submodule, as a new generalization of the compressible module relative to a submodule where a module is called compressible module relative to a submodule N of M if for all non-zero submodule of such that contains N, there exists a monomorphism f Hom( ). We study some basic properties of this class and many relationships between these classes and other related concepts are presented and studied.

Investigation Effects of Different Wind Turbine Designs on Air Flow and Generated Power

Abstract: This paper describes a study of different designs for the wind turbine. The basic wind turbine configuration with a second smaller rotor mounted in the front of the main rotor to extract as much force as possible from the flow. The wind turbine used in all the simulations was an upwind turbine with a 3 MW horizontal axis. The behaviors of pressures, velocities, and power generated were simulated and discussed. Three different configurations have been designed and simulated in SolidWorks at four different wind velocities ranging from 10 to 40 mph with an increment of 10 mph. The results revealed that the power generated by the rotor of the dual turbine to the rotor of the conventional turbine, the power created by the conventional turbine’s rotor is higher even though the size is the same. Furthermore, adding a diffuser equipped with a plat-type circular frame achieved the best performance. Finally, some numbers and figures are highlighted, and a conclusion is stated to summarize the results. Keywords— Wind Turbine; Dual Wind Turbine; Air Flow; Power; Shroud. _________________________________________________________________________________

The Statistical Distributions of PM2.5 in Rayong and Chonburi Provinces, Thailand

Abstract: ABSTRACT—The fine particulate matter (PM2.5) concentrations is one of the most important issues that are often discussed since it has a greater impact on human health. Statistical distribution modeling plays an important role in predicting PM2.5 concentrations. This research aims to find the optimum statistical distribution model of PM2.5 in Rayong Province and Chonburi Province. The daily average data from 2014 – 2019 for Rayong and from 2015 – 2019 for Chonburi were using. Five statistical distributions were compared. A proper statistical distribution that represents PM2.5 concentrations has been chosen based on three criteria include Anderson-Darling statistic and RMSE. The results show that Pearson type VI distribution performs better compared to other distributions for PM2.5 concentrations in Rayong. For Chonburi, the proper statistical distribution is Log normal distribution.

Comparative Evaluation of Metals and Heavy Metals in Some Yemeni Crude and Fuel Oil

Abstract: --Due to high importance of the crude oil to the modern society as a source of energy and as raw material for a wide chemical and petro chemical industries. In this study we made assessment of metals and heavy metals in some Yemeni crude, and fuel oils namely Mareb crude oil blend, Masila crude oil blend plus two samples from Sounah and Hijah oil fields in Masila basin. Fifteen metals and heavy metals were determined in above samples, but the most indicated were ( Na, K, Mg, ) and ( V, Co, Ni ) using ICP technique and atomic absorption spectroscopy . The order of concentration of metals in Yemeni crude oils were as shown in figures: Na < K < Co < Mg < V < Ni < Ca< Fe < Cd < Al< Zn < Cr < Cu < Pb < Mn. In Fuel oil: Na < Co < V < Mg < K < Ni < Ca < Fe < Al < Cd < Zn < Cr< Pb < Mn < Cu. Comparing concentrations of metals in studied sample, in general were less than in crude oil and fuel oil in many countries. That mean Yemeni crude and fuel oil are the best in quality. The order of concentration of metals in Yemeni crude oils were as shown in figures: Na < K < Co < Mg < V < Ni < Ca< Fe < Cd < Al< Zn < Cr < Cu < Pb < Mn. In Fuel oil: Na < Co < V < Mg < K < Ni < Ca < Fe < Al < Cd < Zn < Cr< Pb < Mn < Cu. Comparing concentrations of metals in studied sample, in general were less than in crude oil and fuel oil in many countries. That mean Yemeni crude and fuel oil are the best in quality. Keywords---crude, fuel oil, Mareb, Masila oil Sounah, Hijah, heavy metals _________________________________________________________________________________________________

Compact Circularly Polarized Slotted Symmetric V slits Microstrip Patch Antenna for ISM Band Applications

Abstract: This paper presents a short microstrip patch antenna and analyzes its characteristics in simulation and measured ways. The proposed antenna is meant to be used from 2.4 to 2.5 GHz at the resonant frequency of 2.45 GHz Industrial, Science, and Medical (ISM) spectrum. Besides, insert a diagonal slot in the main patch, and two cutting edges with V-slit gives the antenna to propagate a circular polarization pattern. The paper aims to start learning a simple C.P. patch antenna supported the basic concept of microstrip antenna theory. A single-feed C.P., truncated corners, and slit and slot methods are employed to model the antenna apart from its parametric study. The substrate material of the developed antenna is FR-4, and it's a relative permittivity of 4.4. The antenna incorporates a compact overall size of 0.389λ0 × 0.389λ0 × 0.013λ0, where λ0 is that the corresponding free-space wavelength at 2.45 GHz. FEKO has been used for not only designing the antenna model but also analyzing its performances. Simulated and measured results have reported that the antenna can work in ISM bands (2.42-2.5 GHz) with VSWR< 2, low realized gain, and the limited 3-dB axial ratio at 2.45 GHz.

Understanding the Relationship between Talent Mindset and Organizational Commitment of Employees in Pakistan

Abstract: Purpose:- Talented employees are one of the sources that enable the organizations to achieve competitive advantage. However, considering the globalization and hyper-competition in today’s business environment, organizations are facing many challenges including engaging and sustaining talented and skilled employees. Thus, the purpose of this - quantitative, correlational, descriptive and cross-sectional study is to understand the relationship between talent mindset (TM) and organizational commitment components (i.e., affective, normative and continuance) of employees in Pakistan. Design/methodology/approach: The researcher used the quantitative research approach and employed survey based method, using structured verified questionnaires, to collect data from 300 employees (i.e., principals, vice-principals, the chairman, head of the departments and administrative staff) in educational institutions (i.e., privates sector colleges) in two cities (Bahawalpur and Haroonabad) of the Punjab province of Pakistan. Findings: Results confirmed that there is a positive and significant relationship between talent mindset and components of organizational commitment. Practical Implications/Limitations: This study has considerable importance, because it provided insights regarding the relationship between dimensions of OC with talent mindset by focusing on employees in the services sector of Pakistan. It is also useful as it provided guidelines regarding how the commitment of employees in educational institutions can be enhanced through designing appropriate strategies and frameworks accordingly. In terms of limitations, the present study had small sample size, and focused on employees in services sector in a specific region. Originality/value: Most of the studies investigating the relationship between TM and dimensions of OC were conducted in the western context and focused on non-services sector. While, this study focused on services sector in non-western context to further the understanding of relationship between talent mindset and components of organizational commitment of employees in educational institutions in Pakistan.

The Modifying Factor of Lead Exposure Time with Blood Lead Levels on Adulterated Paint Worker

Abstract: The modifying factor for exposure time for paint workers who work more than 8 hours / day have abnormal blood lead levels> 10 μg / dl. Lead exposure to paint workers occurs when mixing paints, mostly through air, skin, through food and drinks. The longer the work, the more the amount of lead exposure received, although the amount of lead absorbed by the body is only small, this metal turns out to be very dangerous and can cause health problems due to the buildup of lead in the body. The presence of lead (Pb) in the blood can cause severe and dangerous effects including interfering with the hematopoietic system, a long exposure can disrupt the gastrointestinal system, central nervous system, immune system, kidneys. The purpose of this research was to determine the relationship and closeness of the relationship between the modification factors of exposure time with blood lead levels of adulterated paint workers in the area of East Jakarta. The research method uses primary data through an analytic observational cross-sectional design approach. Sampling is done by non-probability sampling with consecutive sampling techniques. The correlation test used was the Spearman test with a confidence level of 95%. The results of the research found that the average exposure time of adulterated paint workers was 48.9 hours/week exceeding the permissible work time, and the exposure time >40 hours/week was 77.5% of the number of respondents. The average blood lead level was 0.15 mg/L, with the highest blood lead level 0.45 mg/L and workers with exposure times> 40 hours/week obtained blood lead levels exceeding the safe reference limit (40 mg/L) of 19.4%. The conclusion is that there is a significant relationship between duration of exposure and lead level of adulterated paint workers (p-value = 0.029) and shows the moderate closeness of the relationship with the direction of a positive relationship. The value of r = 0.346, means that the longer the person is exposed to lead, the higher the level of lead in the blood of adulterated paint workers. The discussion of modification factors of exposure time in adulterated paint workers can influence lead exposure continuously, in the long term, absorption of lead in the body 99% which is bound to erythrocytes will accumulate in the blood, then it is distributed into the blood which is 90% binding to cells red blood cells (erythrocytes), and the rest are bound to blood plasma. Once absorbed, the lead will be stored in the blood for 35 days. For 8 hours, a worker can absorb up to 400 μg and add 20 - 30 μg / day from food, drinks, and air. The presence of lead in blood represents a reflection of the dynamic continuity between exposure, absorption, distribution, and excretion, so that it is one indicator to know and follow ongoing exposure. Keywords : Modifying Effect, Exposure Time, Relationship Strength, Blood Lead Levels

Effect of Education on Behavior About Head Lice on Students In East Jakarta

Abstract: Pediculosis Capitis is a skin and head hair infestation caused by Pediculus humanus var. capitis which belongs to the family Pediculidae. This parasite lives on the scalp, predilection mainly on the back of the head (occipital) and behind the ear (retroauricular). The eggs (nits) are attached to the base of the head hair shaft. Usually these parasites attack children and women with long hair. This parasite is an obligate parasite, meaning that it must suck human blood in order to maintain its life (Djuanda et al, 2013; Irianto, 2009). This study was to determine the effect of providing education on prevention and eradication of pediculosis capitis on changes in student behavior. The study was conducted at the Al Hamid Islamic boarding school in East Jakarta on 60 students infected with Pediculosis Capitis in March to August 2019. The type of research used was a quasi experiment with one group post-test and pre-test design to see whether or not the influence of education and treatment of behavior with the incidence of Pediculosis Capitis. Data analysis was performed by t-test which aims to analyze the differences in behavior before and after with a degree of significance (alpha) = 0.05. The results showed that there were differences in the average value of behavior (knowledge, attitudes and actions) of students before and after the intervention of 3.33. There was a significant difference between students' behavior (knowledge, attitudes and actions) before and after the intervention with a p value <0.05. It is recommended that routine checks (skrenning) of the presence of Pediculosis capitis occur in students living in the dormitory to prevent wider transmission. Keywords: Pediculosis capitis, education, behavior

Strengthening the Existence of Islamic Education in the Industrial Revolution Era 4.0

Abstract: --Purpose: This study provides an overview of the importance of massive reform in the Curriculum of Islamic Education at the Faculty of Islam, University of Muhammadiyah Gresik. This reform is needed so that the Islamic education curriculum can answer the challenges and demands of the times that continue to change globally. Besides, this deafness also poured out the results of a solution to Islamic religious education in the face of the Era of Industrial Revolution 4.0. Method: this type of research is a type of field research. To obtain the data of this study used the observation method, interviews, and documentation. The research was analyzed with descriptive qualitative. To analyze the factors that influence the internalization of Islamic values, reduction analysis, data presentation and verification are used. Findings: The era of the Industrial Revolution 4.0 had a broad impact on all lines of life, including in the field of education, especially Islamic education. The era that gave birth to this disruption phenomenon demanded the world of Islamic religious education to participate in adjusting. Graduates of Islamic education are now faced with new challenges, demands, and needs that have never existed before. So it is necessary to update and innovate the system, governance, curriculum, human resource competencies, facilities and infrastructure, culture, work ethic, and others. Implications for Researh and practice: Islamic religious education will be increasingly left behind and outdated. Therefore, it is necessary to look for concrete steps for Islamic religious education in order to be able to remain competitive in this disruption era. Keywords--Islamic education, industrial revolution 4.0, disruption _________________________________________________________________________________________________