Showing papers in "Australian and New Zealand Journal of Ophthalmology in 1985"
TL;DR: Of the pterygia group 38% had one or more relatives with pteryGia, compared with 8% (? 12%) of the control group, which was considered to be similar in both groups.
Abstract: One hundred consecutive patients admitted to hospital for excision of pterygia were compared with 100 control patients without pterygia. Of the pterygia group 38% had one or more relatives with pterygia, compared with 8% (? 12%) of the control group. Exposure to solar radiation was considered to be similar in both groups.
42 citations
TL;DR: A prevalence study of diabetic eye disease was conducted in Newcastle during 1977-1978, finding that diabetics with no retinopathy developed this at a rate of 8%, while only 0.4% per year progressed to VTR, and certain parameters were found to influence the progression in individual patients.
Abstract: A prevalence study of diabetic eye disease was conducted in Newcastle during 1977-1978. Ophthalmoscopic retinopathy was found in 49% of 1210 clinic diabetics, while vision-threatening retinopathy (VTR) (proliferative signs of maculopathy) occurred in 13%. Maculopathy was the commonest cause of visual loss, occurring frequently in subjects with non-insulin-dependent diabetes. This group has now been followed for up to seven years (including 70% at four years); incidence rates for the development of retinopathy and for progression to a vision-threatening stage can now be estimated. The study found that diabetics with no retinopathy developed this at a rate of 8% per year, while only 0.4% per year progressed to VTR. However, once any retinopathy was present, progression to VTR occurred in 6% per year (2% proliferative and 4% maculopathy); and if any retinal signs indicating the presence of capillary closure were noted the rate was 13% per year. These rates are for the group overall: however, certain parameters were found to influence the progression in individual patients. Included were the age at onset and the duration of diabetes, the presence of poor control (particularly in older diabetics on oral agents) or associated nephropathy. An analysis of these data and their implications for routine eye screening of diabetics is presented.
38 citations
TL;DR: A transconjunctival cryotechnique for the management of retrobulbar tumours is described and patient's recovery is prompt and uneventful.
Abstract: A transconjunctival cryotechnique for the management of retrobulbar tumours is described. Fourteen retrobulbar tumours, evaluated by CT scan, were treated by this simple and minimally invasive operation. Patient's recovery is prompt and uneventful.
23 citations
TL;DR: Results indicated that early in the fetal period the distribution of cells in the ganglion cell layer is almost uniform, but by the end of gestation there is a gradient in cell density of about 10:1 (central:peripheral).
Abstract: The distribution of ganglion cells throughout the retinal ganglion cell layer is non-uniform in adult mammals. This paper reviews some of our data describing the development of retinal ganglion cell topography in the human fetus. Results indicated that early in the fetal period the distribution of cells in the ganglion cell layer is almost uniform, but by the end of gestation there is a gradient in cell density of about 10:1 (central:peripheral). Peripheral retina grows more rapidly than the central retina prior to about 23 weeks gestation, but this differential growth rate apparently has little effect on the development of a centro-peripheral density gradient. The gradient appears between about 18 and 30 weeks gestation, and during this period there appears to be a greater rate of cell death in the ganglion cell layer of the peripheral retina. Cell density at the developing fovea is less than the perifoveal cell density at all ages, suggesting that ganglion cells migrate from foveal into perifoveal regions throughout the fetal period.
23 citations
TL;DR: Algon laser trabeculoplasty was used to treat 237 eyes of 156 presurgical patients with various open-angle glaucomas, demonstrating an excellent benefit-to-risk ratio and treatment failures were frequent in eyes with angle recession and uveitis.
Abstract: Argon laser trabeculoplasty (ALT) was used to treat 237 eyes of 156 presurgical patients with various open-angle glaucomas. Patients with primary open-angle glaucoma formed the largest group; intraocular pressure (IOP) control judged clinically to be adequate was achieved in 77.3% of eyes. Eyes with pseudoexfoliative glaucoma demonstrated the greatest IOP reduction achieving control in 90.7%. Eyes with combined-mechanism glaucoma underwent argon laser iridectomy prior to ALT. One month after ALT the IOP was considered adequate in 70% of eyes. ALT may benefit eyes with low-tension glaucoma, pigmentary glaucoma and aphakic open-angle glaucoma. Treatment failures were frequent in eyes with angle recession and uveitis. Complications included IOP elevation (7.8%) and mild iritis; technique modifications minimized their frequency and intensity. ALT demonstrated an excellent benefit-to-risk ratio. Its effect additive to medications, ALT often permitted a reduction in the medical regimen, but rarely cessation of drug therapy. ALT is recommended as an alternative to drainage surgery.
22 citations
TL;DR: It is suggested that the sequence in which axons enter the stalk (central before peripheral) and their prominent fasciculation impose some retinotopic order amongst the emerging optic nerve fibres.
Abstract: In mammals, normal visual function depends upon both the retinotopic organization of visual nuclei and their interconnections. We have investigated in rodents some developmental mechanisms contributing to this organization. On embryonic day 14, in the rat, retinal ganglion cells first project axons through glial channels on the retinal surface before reaching the optic stalk. We suggest that the sequence in which axons enter the stalk (central before peripheral) and their prominent fasciculation impose some retinotopic order amongst the emerging optic nerve fibres. At birth (embryonic day 21) there are over 240 000 axons in the optic nerve, all non-myelinated. However, within one week, the number falls to the adult value (100 000) and myelination, complete in the adult, commences. Axons lost include some which misproject--to the opposite eye or to inappropriate parts of central visual regions. The number of surviving retinal ganglion cells depends on the amount of appropriate target tissue available. It is well established that removal of one eye early in development increases the survival of axons in the remaining optic nerve. However, in a group of adult mice with congenital unilateral anophthalmia, we counted only 21 000 optic axons in the remaining nerve compared with the 31 000 in normal mice of the same strain. Degenerating axons were observed, suggesting that the defect is not a simple developmental failure, but is associated with active degenerative processes throughout life.
21 citations
TL;DR: A patient followed for 18 years who had bilateral congenital ectropion uveae, bilateral ptosis, asthma and late onset of a dental defect is described.
Abstract: Congenital ectropion uveae is a rare condition which may be present in one or both eyes. If the patient is followed glaucoma will always be found to be present. Associated features which have been described are ptosis, Rieger's anomaly, Prader Willi syndrome, facial hemiatrophy and neurofibromatosis. This paper describes a patient followed for 18 years who had bilateral congenital ectropion uveae, bilateral ptosis, asthma and late onset of a dental defect.
20 citations
TL;DR: The Müllers muscle-conjunctival resection procedure is a relatively simple means of relieving upper eyelid ptosis and has advantages over the Fasanella procedure, because tarsus is preserved, and over the levator aponeurosis advancement and tuck procedures, because the results are much more predictable.
Abstract: The Mullers muscle-conjunctival resection procedure is a relatively simple means of relieving upper eyelid ptosis. Candidates for the operation are chosen by placing several drops of 10% phenylephrine hydrochloride into the upper ocular fornix. If the upper lid elevates close to a norma! level after five minutes, the patient is selected for the operation. A specially designed clamp is applied to 6.5 to 9.5 mm of conjunctiva and mullers muscle above the superior tarsal border. A suture is run distal to the clamp, connecting conjunctiva and mullers muscle to the superior tarsal border, and then the tissues held in the clamp are resected.
The mullers muscle-conjunctival resection has advantages over the Fasanella procedure, because tarsus is preserved, and over the levator aponeurosis advancement and tuck procedures, because the results are much more predictable.
20 citations
TL;DR: Cytogenesis in the cat retina was studied using tritiated (3H) thymidine autoradiography and nuclear stains to identify zones of cell division and give rise to vascular endothelial cells in the nerve fibre/ganglion cell layers.
Abstract: Cytogenesis in the cat retina was studied using tritiated (3H) thymidine autoradiography and nuclear stains. Three zones of cell division were recognized. In the first zone cell cleavage occurs at the outer limiting membrane. The distribution of these mitotic figures is uniform as early as an embryonic age of 29 days (E29) until E50. At about E50 a "cold spot", made apparent by the absence of mitotic figures, is evident at the site of the developing area centralis. This spreads to encompass the whole retina by postnatal day 10 (P10). A second zone of cell division was recognized by the presence in the developing inner nuclear layer of 3H-thymidine labelled nuclei which do not migrate to the outer limiting membrane (ventricular surface) to divide. Some of these labelled nuclei are located in regions of the retina where cytogenesis at the ventricular surface has ceased. A third zone was observed in the optic nerve fibre/ganglion cell layers from about E54 until beyond the first postnatal month. This activity gives rise to vascular endothelial cells in the nerve fibre/ganglion cell layers. Once established, the developing vascular cells invade the inner plexiform and inner nuclear layers to form the deeper capillary net.
19 citations
TL;DR: Electron microscopic examination of the capsule confirmed capsular delamination and the remaining protein components detected were of identical molecular weight and abundance compared with the normal lens capsule.
Abstract: A case of true senile exfoliation of the lens capsule is reported. Electron microscopic examination of the capsule confirmed capsular delamination. The proteins in the remaining sample of exfoliated capsule and in normal capsules were analysed by polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis in the presence of the dissociating agent, sodium dodecyl sulphate, and under reducing conditions (SDS--PAGE). Densitometric scans of electrophoretograms indicated the virtual absence of a 58 kilodalton (kDa) component and approximately half the level of a 74 kDa component in the exfoliated capsule relative to normal capsule. The remaining protein components detected were of identical molecular weight and abundance compared with the normal lens capsule.
18 citations
TL;DR: In the periphery migration of retinal pigment cells into the retina occasionally resulted in the formation of bone corpuscles around occluded vessels, as occurs in retinitis pigmentosa; but more often the clumps were coarser and surrounded basement membrane material.
Abstract: This report appears to be the first ultrastructural study of the maculopathy and peripheral pigmentary retinopathy in myotonic dystrophy. Nine eyes from five patients observed during life are described. The findings were similar in all eyes, the retinal pigment epithelium in the macular region containing an accumulation of lipofuscin in large hyperpigmented cells. Pigment-laden profiles found in the subpigment epithelial space or subretinal space were interpreted as an attempt to discharge the pigment. Stress fibres of actin microfilaments were thrown into prominence by the irregularity of the pigment epithelium. In the periphery migration of retinal pigment cells into the retina occasionally resulted in the formation of bone corpuscles around occluded vessels, as occurs in retinitis pigmentosa; but more often the clumps were coarser and surrounded basement membrane material. Central and peripheral epiretinal membranes were also observed.
TL;DR: Based on the biochemical findings on inflammation after tissue injury, a protocol for the preoperative and postoperative use of corticosteroid and non-steroidal anti-inflammatory agents is proposed for anterior segment surgery.
Abstract: Meticulous studies of the pathophysiology of postoperative eyes are mandatory to find the means of reducing the risks of intraocular surgery. Various methods of examination developed for this purpose are described and their clinical significance discussed. The corneal endothelium shows no proliferative capacity even after injury and great care must be taken to protect this vulnerable cell layer. Drugs may be toxic to the corneal endothelium and their use during surgery must be exercised with caution. The intraocular irrigating solutions must contain calcium and have an appropriate salt composition. Pupillary constriction that occurs during extracapsular cataract extraction is due mainly to prostaglandins synthesized as a result of surgical trauma; this can be prevented by the preoperative use of topical indomethacin. Breakdown of the blood-aqueous barrier after intraocular surgery may also be due to a similar mechanism, and preoperative topical non-steroidal anti-inflammatory agents (indomethacin, flurbiprofen and diclofenac) can prevent this phenomenon, as studied by fluorophotometry. Topical indomethacin also prevents cystoid macular oedema after cataract surgery. Based on the biochemical findings on inflammation after tissue injury, a protocol for the preoperative and postoperative use of corticosteroid and non-steroidal anti-inflammatory agents is proposed for anterior segment surgery.
TL;DR: Iris angiography showed evidence of vascular hypoperfusion of the iris which probably precedes pigment dispersal and suggests that the ultimate aetiology may be a congenital deficiency of the mesodermal support tissues of the Iris.
Abstract: Sixty-eight cases (44 males, 24 females) of anterior segment pigment dispersal syndrome are reviewed. Five patients had no rise in intraocular pressure, 38 had ocular hypertension and 25 had glaucoma as shown by optic disc cupping and field loss. All cases had heavy deposition of pigment in the drainage angle together with Krukenberg spindles and/or light reflux through the iris. Other evidence of anterior segment pigment dispersal was common. The condition was commonest in young adult males, but could present at any age and in women. Medical treatment was often successful initially, but continued to control pressure in only 17 of 42 patients. Laser trabeculoplasty helped some patients. Drainage operations of various types were successful in 19 of 23 cases. Iris angiography showed evidence of vascular hypoperfusion of the iris which probably precedes pigment dispersal and suggests that the ultimate aetiology may be a congenital deficiency of the mesodermal support tissues of the iris. Some degree of iris stromal atrophy is also common and may become marked. Pigment dispersal from the pigment epithelium of the iris occurs in susceptible individuals and may be associated with the insertion of the dilator muscle. The term anterior segment pigment dispersal seems appropriate as the condition is limited to the anterior segment.
TL;DR: It is believed that understanding the mechanism(s) underlying the development of connections of the rat visual cortex might be of general importance in understanding developmental abnormalities in the pattern of interconnections of the visual cortices of other mammalian orders.
Abstract: At the time when the fibres from the striate cortex (area 17) begin to innervate the superficial layers of the superior colliculus of the young rat (postnatal days 4 and 5) a high degree of specificity in the organization of this newly formed cortico-tectal projection is already apparent. Thus, in young rats, as in adult mammals of virtually all species studied so far, the somata of cortico-tectal neurones are confined to lamina V of the ipsilateral cortex. However, this high degree of laminar (radial) specificity in young animals is accompanied by a substantial degree of exuberance as indicated by a tangential distribution of the cortico-tectal cells which is wider than that in the adult. The exuberant projections are pruned during the second postnatal week. The cortico-cortical associational and commissural fibres start to enter the grey matter of the rat striate cortex after postnatal day 7. Again a high degree of specificity in the laminar distribution of those newly established projections is apparent. However, the cortico-cortical projection, at the time when cortico-cortical fibres enter the cortical laminae, is clearly exuberant since the tangential spread of cortical cells projecting to the striate cortex is wider than that in the adult. Pruning of these excessive projections takes place some time after postnatal day 14. It is believed that understanding the mechanism(s) underlying the development of connections of the rat visual cortex might be of general importance in understanding developmental abnormalities in the pattern of interconnections of the visual cortices of other mammalian orders.
TL;DR: Results indicate that a critically sensitive period in visual development occurs between approximately four months and three years of age, and a period of plasticity, when the effects of deprivation are more responsive to therapy, follows.
Abstract: The effects of visual deprivation in 15 patients (14 children and one adult) were studied. The age of onset of deprivation and the significance of final visual outcome are discussed. Results indicate that a critically sensitive period in visual development occurs between approximately four months and three years of age. A period of plasticity, when the effects of deprivation are more responsive to therapy, follows. Age of onset of deprivation was found to be most important, but in addition loss of accommodation in association with deprivation may be a significant factor in the development of amblyopia.
TL;DR: Six patients with severe, refractory anterior uveitis were treated with intermittent, intravenous pulses of methylprednisolone (MP), which produced a rapid resolution of the signs of uveal inflammation and improved visual acuity.
Abstract: Six patients with severe, refractory anterior uveitis (AU) were treated with intermittent, intravenous pulses of methylprednisolone (MP). Five patients had bilateral AU and all had decreased visual acuities. AU was idiopathic in four subjects, one male had ankylosing spondylitis (HLA-B27 +) and one female had juvenile polyarthritis. All patients were initially treated with 1 g of MP intravenously (IV) on alternate days during the first week. Subsequently, patients received weekly injections of MP on a reducing dosage regime to a maintenance dose of 125 mg IV weekly. This therapy produced a rapid resolution of the signs of uveal inflammation and improved visual acuity. Two patients have been maintained on this treatment regime for over 12 months without evidence of disease relapse or serious drug side effect. Pulse MP is effective in the treatment of severe anterior uveitis and may be a useful adjunct in the management of patients with uveitis.
TL;DR: The visual outcome of cases of neovascular glaucoma treated by draining implants has improved and the importance of early treatment by a combination of photocoagulation, insertion of a draining implant and medical measures to improve the circulation where possible is emphasized.
Abstract: The visual outcome of cases of neovascular glaucoma treated by draining implants has improved from 12% to 32% of eyes achieving a vision of 6/60 or better. The main factor responsible for this improvement has been the recognition that, in neovascular glaucoma, the retinal blood vessels are not capable of autoregulation of calibre in response to changes in intraocular pressure and ophthalmic artery perfusion pressure. The consequences of this situation are discussed and the importance of early treatment of neovascular glaucoma by a combination of photocoagulation, insertion of a draining implant and medical measures to improve the circulation where possible is emphasized.
TL;DR: This paper contains abstracts from publications of the late Sir Norman McAlister Gregg, published in 1941 and 1944, in which he demonstrated the association between rubella in pregnancy and defects in the baby.
Abstract: This paper contains abstracts from publications of the late Sir Norman McAlister Gregg, published in 1941 and 1944, in which he demonstrated the association between rubella in pregnancy and defects in the baby. Besides cataract and retinopathy with which ophthalmologists are familiar, there occur deafness, deafmutism, cardiac defects, mental retardation, pulmonary and renal abnormalities and diabetes.
TL;DR: A granulomatous reaction was identified in six corneal buttons obtained from patients with herpetic stromal keratitis, suggesting that the reaction at Descemet's membrane may be due to a poorly understood alteration in the antigenicity of Desceet's membrane.
Abstract: A granulomatous reaction was identified in six corneal buttons obtained from patients with herpetic stromal keratitis. The inflammation, characterized by lymphocytes, plasma cells, macrophages and multinucleate giant cells, was associated with Descemet's membrane in five cases and with a break in Bowman's membrane in one case. The ultrastructural changes were documented by scanning electron microscopy in all cases. Transmission electron microscopy, performed in four cases, failed to disclose the presence of viral inclusions. Immunoperoxidase stains utilizing antibodies to the herpes simplex virus were done on all cases. Positivity (the presence of herpes simplex virus antigen or herpes simplex-like antigen) was detected within epithelium (three cases), within stroma (three cases), and within some inflammatory cells of the granulomatous reaction at Bowman's membrane. Positive staining was not detected in cells of the granulomatous reaction at Descemet's membrane. These results suggest that the reaction at Descemet's membrane, which has been found in a variety of corneal conditions, may be due to a poorly understood alteration in the antigenicity of Descemet's membrane.
TL;DR: This is the first well documented case in the ophthalmic literature of external ophthalmomyiasis caused by Gasterophilus spp.
Abstract: We report the case of a 20-year-old woman who presented with a subconjunctival maggot. The maggot was removed and identified as the larval form of the horse bot fly (Gasterophilus spp.). The patient had been grooming infected horses in a stable prior to presentation. To our knowledge, this is the first well documented case in the ophthalmic literature of external ophthalmomyiasis caused by Gasterophilus spp.
TL;DR: The patient had no history of antecedent eye disease of any kind and the patient had not been on any ocular therapy and the condition resolved completely with conservative treatment.
Abstract: A case of spontaneous bilateral malignant glaucoma is described. There was no history of antecedent eye disease of any kind and the patient had not been on any ocular therapy. The condition resolved completely with conservative treatment.
TL;DR: Fifteen cases of confirmed and clinically suspected bacterial endophthalmitis seen at the Vitreous Clinic of Sydney Eye Hospital in the three-year period from July 1981 to July 1984 are reviewed and delay of more than 36 hours between the onset of severe symptoms and intravitreal antibiotic treatment was associated with a poor visual outcome.
Abstract: Fifteen cases of confirmed and clinically suspected bacterial endophthalmitis seen at the Vitreous Clinic of Sydney Eye Hospital in the three-year period from July 1981 to July 1984 are reviewed.
The predisposing factors are summarized; two cases followed secondary implantation of an intraocular lens and one case followed removal of sutures from a cataract section. All but one of the patients had been given topical, subconjunctival or systemic antibiotics prior to surgery. All but two of the patients had vitreous biopsies performed, and all of these patients in turn received intravitreal antibiotics, usually gentamicin and cephalothin.
Positive cultures were obtained in nine cases (69%), including the two cases who had not received antibiotics prior to vitreous biopsy.
Final visual acuities ranged from 6/6 to no perception of light (NPL). Delay of more than 36 hours between the onset of severe symptoms and intravitreal antibiotic treatment was associated with a poor visual outcome.
TL;DR: A 59-year-old man presented with double vision due to vertical displacement of one eye by an infraorbital mass that indented the globe and an orbital cyst with a histological appearance suggestive of a mucocele was excised via an anterior inferior orbitotomy.
Abstract: A 59-year-old man presented with double vision due to vertical displacement of one eye by an infraorbital mass that indented the globe. Some 10 years previously he had had a Caldwell-Luc antrostomy for chronic sinusitis. Following investigation, the antrostomy was revised and an orbital cyst with a histological appearance suggestive of a mucocele was excised via an anterior inferior orbitotomy. The orbital mass recurred with identical symptoms some 18 months later with a second mass confluent with the first, presenting subcutaneously through his zygoma. A further radical antrostomy was performed enabling a diagnosis of a hydatid cyst of the antrum to be made. The unusual features of this rare cause of diplopia are discussed and illustrated. The literature on orbital hydatid cysts is reviewed and recommendations made as regards adequate surgical exposure and not irrigating orbital cysts with noxious agents.
TL;DR: The Otago Photoscreener provides a sensitive indication of whether or not an infant is able to fix and focus binocularly on nearby objects in the diagnosis and treatment of strabismus and amblyopia.
Abstract: The Otago Photoscreener provides a sensitive indication of whether or not an infant is able to fix and focus binocularly on nearby objects. This instrument was designed for mass screening to identify infants with strabismus and/or amblyopia who do not fix and focus binocularly. This communication reports the authors' experience with the machine in the diagnosis and treatment of strabismus and amblyopia.
TL;DR: Three interesting cases in which unconventional treatment has been very successful are presented.
Abstract: Three interesting cases in which unconventional treatment has been very successful are presented. The first was a fibrous histiocytoma of the conjunctiva which recurred twice after apparently complete surgical excision, but which responded to immunotherapy using dinitrochlorobenzene. The second was a squamous cell carcinoma of the lower eyelid treated by total surgical excision of the lid; the wound was allowed to heal by granulation with an excellent cosmetic result. The third was a squamous cell carcinoma of the limbus treated by lamellar excision with the Crock Contact-lens Corneal Cutter; the wound was allowed to granulate, and in so doing, caused negligible astigmatism.
TL;DR: Scleritis, episcleritis and Mooren's ulcer form a poorly understood spectrum of inflammatory syndromes involving the ocular surface that require aggressive investigation and management, often including systemic anti-inflammatory therapy.
Abstract: Scleritis, episcleritis and Mooren's ulcer form a poorly understood spectrum of inflammatory syndromes involving the ocular surface. Their pathogenesis is thought to be a vasculitis and may be related to immune complex deposition, as these syndromes are often associated with systemic diseases which are assumed to be vasculitic in aetiology. Scleritis and Mooren's ulcer are amongst the most severe external inflammatory diseases, often causing extensive damage to the sclera and cornea. They require aggressive investigation and management, often including systemic anti-inflammatory therapy. Systemic immunosuppression may be necessary to control severe disease.
TL;DR: Nd-YAG laser irradiation can separate dysgenetic iris insertion from the trabecular band in developmental glaucoma without serious complications and may be useful for the treatment of juvenile primary developmental glAUcoma.
Abstract: Three laser techniques for the treatment of glaucoma are described. The short-burn technique of argon laser iridotomy permitted perforation of the peripheral iris in one session without serious complications, thereby alleviating pupillary block in angle-closure glaucoma. The rates of successful intraocular pressure (IOP) control and visual acuity loss due to cataract progression were similar in laser iridotomy and surgical iridectomy. The tonographic outflow facility remained unchanged after argon laser iridotomy. Techniques of argon laser trabeculoplasty (ALT) to the anterior and posterior aspects of the trabecular band were evaluated. The anterior ALT gave fewer complications, but a lower IOP control rate than the posterior ALT. Posterior ALT over 180 degrees with about 50 burns gave fewer complications than treatment over 360 degrees with about 100 burns, yet the final effects in IOP control were better after the 180 degrees than after the 360 degrees treatment. Nd-YAG laser irradiation can separate dysgenetic iris insertion from the trabecular band in developmental glaucoma without serious complications. This Nd-YAG laser goniotomy may be useful for the treatment of juvenile primary developmental glaucoma.
TL;DR: One hundred cases of histologically proven corneal and conjunctival tumours were extracted from the records at the Princess Alexandra Hospital and from the senior author's private practice in the last ten years and analysed according to Duke-Elder's classification.
Abstract: One hundred cases of histologically proven corneal and conjunctival tumours were extracted from the records at the Princess Alexandra Hospital and from the senior author's private practice in the last ten years. The tumours were analysed according to Duke-Elder's classification. There were 78 epithelial tumours, 15 pigmented naevi, four melanomas, two dermolipomas and one limbal dermoid. Fourteen of the 41 epithelial carcinomas were followed for three years or more. None of the 14 recurred.
TL;DR: The first Australian report of a patient with AIDS presenting with ocular involvement is presented, and the case is discussed in relation to current concepts of AIDS.
Abstract: The acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS) has reached epidemic proportions in the USA and the incidence of this potentially fatal viral infection is increasing rapidly in Australia. The loss of normal cellular immunity in affected individuals predisposes them to severe opportunistic infections and neoplasms, especially Kaposi's sarcoma. Both of these pathological processes may affect the eye, and ocular involvement with an opportunistic infection or malignancy may be the first clue to the presence of AIDS. We present here the first Australian report of a patient with AIDS presenting with ocular involvement. The case is discussed in relation to current concepts of AIDS.
TL;DR: The results indicated that two drugs applied at the "same time" had an equal effect to drugs applied 10 minutes apart.
Abstract: The significance of the time interval between topical instillation of two different ocular preparations in 63 normal subjects was investigated. The experimental model selected was pupillary dilatation by mydriatic agents. The results indicated that two drugs applied at the "same time" had an equal effect to drugs applied 10 minutes apart. The implications of the study to clinical practice are discussed.