Bayero Journal of Pure and Applied Sciences 

About: Bayero Journal of Pure and Applied Sciences is an academic journal published by African Journals OnLine. The journal publishes majorly in the area(s): Phytochemical & Chemistry. It has an ISSN identifier of 2006-6996. It is also open access. Over the lifetime, 1057 publications have been published receiving 4705 citations.

Antimicrobial profile of moringa oleifera lam. Extracts against some food – borne microorganisms

Abstract: The chloroform and ethanol extracts of seeds and leaf of Moringa oleifera were investigated for antimicrobial activity against some selected food – borne microorganisms as a first step in the screening of the extracts for preliminary sanitizing/preservative properties on foods. The preliminary phytochemical screening and antimicrobial assay were carried out using standard procedures. The results of the phytochemical analysis revealed differences in the presence of the phytochemicals among the extracts. Saponins were detected in all the extracts while tannins were only detected in Moringa oleifera leaf chloroform extract. The antibacterial assay results show that M. oleifera leaf ethanol extract exhibited broad spectrum activity against the test organisms with Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Staphylococcus aureus and Enterobacter aerogenes susceptible. The MIC values ranged between 2.0 and >4.0mg/ml for all the organisms. M. oleifera seed chloroform extract was only active against E. coli and Salmonella typhimurium. The MIC values ranged between 1.0 and >4.0mg/ml for the tested organisms respectively. Antifungal activity result revealed 100% inhibition in growth of Mucor and Rhizopus species by M. oleifera seed chloroform extract at concentration of 1mg/ml. Standard Ketoconazole (control) inhibited the test organisms by 100% at 0.5mg/ml concertration. The result of this study have shown the potentials of M. oleifera extracts as sanitizers/preservatives by inhibiting the growth of the test organisms, which range from food – borne pathogens to spoilage causing organisms in foods.

Nutritional Value and Utilization of Amaranthus ( Amaranthus spp.) – A Review

Abstract: Amaranth consists of 60-70 species, 40 of which are considered native to the Americas. They are grown in the temperate and tropical climates, and are used as grain or vegetable. They are highly nutritious, contain vitamins and minerals. The leaves, shoots, tender stems and grains are eaten as pot herb in sauces or soups, cooked with other vegetables, with a main dish or by itself. The plants are used as forage for livestock. Traditionally, the boiled leaves and roots are used as: laxative, diuretic, anti-diabetic, antipyretic, anti-snake venom, antileprotic, anti-gonorrheal, expectorant, to relieve breathing in acute bronchitis. It also has anti-inflammatory properties, immunomodulatory activity, anti-androgenic activity and anthelmintic properties. Keywords : Amaranth, species, nutritional value, anti- nutritional factors, nitrates

Tiger Nut ( Cyperus Esculentus ): Composition, Products, Uses and Health Benefits - A Review

Abstract: This paper is a review on little history and the composition of Tigernut ranging from proximate, mineral and amino acid content. The paper further explains the kind of phytochemicals and antinutrients that can be found in tigernut .The kind of microorganisms which could be found on tigernut was also explained based on the previous works of researchers. Tigernut can also be eaten raw, processed in to flour and be used for different purposes such as bread and substitute in animal feed manufacture. Oil can also be obtained from tigernut, which is highly unsaturated and good for the health of humans. Tigernut can be used to produce drink/milk, which can serve as substitute of traditional cow milk, different types of tigernut milk are also produced, it can also be used to produce a local snack “Dakuwa”. Tigernut also contributes to the reduction of cholesterol, it reduces the risk of coronary heart disease, arteriosclerosis and is recommended for those who have heavy digestion, flatulence and dysentery. Keywords: Tigernut, Composition, Milk, Flour, Oil

Preliminary phytochemical screening and antimicrobial activity of seed extracts of persea americana (avocado pear)

Abstract: Antimicrobial activity of seed extracts of Persia amerciana against Escherichia coli, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Bacillus subtilis, Streptococcus pyogenes, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Staphylococcus aureus, Corynebacterium ulcerans, Salmonella typhi, Neisseria gonorrhoea and Candida albicans was carried out using the disc diffusion technique. The methanol, ethyl acetate and chloroform extracts demonstrated promising activity against the test organisms. The activity of methanol extract was more pronounced against C. albicans (42mm) while that of petroleum ether extract was the least against E.coli (6mm). However, S. typhi and E. coli were resistant to chloroform and methanol extracts. The activity of the ethyl acetate, chloroform and methanol extracts compared favourably with that of standard antibiotic streptomycin (30μgdics-1). The minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) showed that methanol and ethyl acetate extracts had the lowest MIC value (10mg/ml) against C. albicans, indicating higher potency. Preliminary phytochemical screening revealed the presence of flavonoids, saponins, tannins, steroids alkaloids and terpenoids. The spectra of antimicrobial activities displayed by the extracts could be attributed to the presence of these phytochemicals and signifies the potential of Persia amerciana as a source of therapeutic agents. This therefore, supports the traditional medicinal use of Persia amerciana and suggests that further studies should be conducted to isolate and identify the active components of the extract. Keywords: Phytochemical, antimicrobial screening, Persea americana, seeds, MIC

A Survey of Major Ethno Medicinal Plants of Kano North, Nigeria, Their Knowledge and Uses by Traditional Healers

Abstract: An ethno botanical survey of major ethnomedicinal plants was carried out in the study area (Kano north senatorial district, Nigeria), their knowledge and uses by the local healers was determined. Data was obtained through the use of interviewer administered questionnaires, distributed at random to the traditional healers as the target respondents. Research shows that various plant species from 25 families were reported to be used in the treatment of various human ailments. Majority of these plants (73.2%) were wild, and 40% were harvested mainly for their leaves. Most of the plants were trees (44%). About 45.2% have been reported to be used in dry form. Concoction was the major method of preparation of the medicinal plants (46%). The most reported threat to the availability of medicinal plants was deforestation (43.6%). Many additives like edible oil, honey, butter, porridge, garlic were used in almost 58% of the remedy preparations. In addition, more than one medicinal plant species were used more frequently than the use of single species for medicinal preparations. Keywords: Ethnobotany, Senatorial zone, Knowledge, Use.