Showing papers in "Biomedical and Pharmacology Journal in 2017"

Diabetic Retinal Fundus Images: Preprocessing and Feature Extraction for Early Detection of Diabetic Retinopathy

Abstract: The investigation of clinical reports suggested that more than ten percent patients with diabetes have a high risk of eye issues. Diabetic Retinopathy (DR) is an eye ailment which influences eighty to eighty-five percent of the patients who have diabetes for more than ten years. The retinal fundus images are commonly used for detection and analysis of diabetic retinopathy disease in clinics. The raw retinal fundus images are very hard to process by machine learning algorithms. In this paper, pre-processing of raw retinal fundus images are performed using extraction of green channel, histogram equalization, image enhancement and resizing techniques. Fourteen features are also extracted from pre-processed images for quantitative analysis. The experiments are performed using Kaggle Diabetic Retinopathy dataset, and the results are evaluated by considering the mean value and standard deviation for extracted features. The result yielded exudate area as the bestranked feature with a mean difference of 1029.7. The result attributed due to its complete absence in normal diabetic images and its simultaneous presence in the three classes of diabetic retinopathy images namely mild, normal and severe.

Classification of Histopathological images of Breast Cancerous and Non Cancerous Cells Based on Morphological features

Abstract: This paper presents the automated detection and classification of histopathological images of cancer cells using morphological features. The manual assessment of disease is time-consuming and varies with the perception and the level of expertise of the pathologists. The judgment is based on the tissue structures, distribution of cells in tissue and the irregularities of cell shape and size. To overcome the limitation of manual diagnosis, a computer aided diagnosis based on the morphological features has been implemented for accurate and reliable detection of cancer. A dataset of 70 histopathological images of non-cancerous and cancerous tissues are randomly selected. The proposed work aims at developing the technique that uses reliable quantitative measures for providing objective and reproducible information complementary to that of a pathologist.

Wavelet Transform for Classification of EEG Signal using SVM and ANN

Abstract: One of the most challenging research areas in the field of biomedical signal is feature extraction and classification of electroencephalogram (EEG) signal for normal and epileptic patients. Epileptic seizures are manifestations of epilepsy and epileptic seizures are disclosures of epilepsy. This paper illustrates the use of wavelet transform (WT) used for feature extraction of EEG signals and the classifiers used are Artificial Neural Network (ANN) and Support Vector Machine (SVM). For feature extraction the EEG signal is decomposed using Daubechies wavelet. Performances of classifiers are based on the parameters such as Accuracy, Sensitivity and Specificity.

Effect of Salinity Stress on the Morphology and Physiology of Five Different Coleus Species

Abstract: The present study aimed at determining the morphological and physiological response of five different Coleus species under salinity stress. Salinity is one of the major abiotic stress factor shows negative effect on different agricultural activities. Thus, demands the need of developing salt tolerant plant varieties. Coleus is one of the important medicinal plants with several therapeutic properties, but the information related to physiological and morphological response which helps in determining the level of salt tolerance in Coleus species has not been reported yet. Study carried out to investigate the effect of different salinity concentrations (100, 200 & 300 mM NaCl) on carbohydrate content, plant growth, leaf area and biomass. Salinity stress significantly reduced the plant growth, leaf water potential (LWP) and relative water content (RWC) in all five Coleus species whereas, the content of carbohydrates, water uptake capacity (WUC) and electrolyte leakage (EL) was increased. Among the five different Coleus species considered for the present study, Coleus aromaticus and Coleus amboinicus have shown better tolerance to the salinity stress with respect to their morphology, carbohydrate content, decreased water potentials, increased electrolyte leakage and water uptake capacity. The increased accumulation of carbohydrates with increased salinity suggests that they act either as respiratory substrates or as osmolytes confer salinity stress tolerance.

Restoration of Physiological Activity of Platelets in New-Born Calves With Iron Deficiency

Abstract: New-born calves are still often found with iron deficit. This state negatively influences their growth and development to some extent due to thrombocytopathy development. In this connection great scientific and practical significance for veterinary science and physiology belongs to the search of approaches to effective correction of new-born calves’ thrombocytopathy in lack of iron conditions. It seemed to be perspective to evaluate the degree of influence on new-born calves’ platelet activity of traditionally applied at iron deficit ferroglukin in combination with metabolism stimulators (polyson and cresacin). During our research it was established that new-born calves with iron deficit also have lowering of plasma antioxidant protectability, intensification of lipids’ peroxidation processes, increase of thrombocytes’ hemostatic activity. As a result of application of ferroglukin, polyson and cresacin combination to new-born calves with iron deficit we managed to get evident increase of blood plasma antioxidant protectability, significant decrease in it of lipids’ peroxidation processes at normalization of thrombocyte activity.

Analysis and Comparison of Wavelet Transforms for Denoising MRI Image

Abstract: Medical imaging plays a dominant role in clinical practice like diagnosis, therapy, etc. and research related findings. Medical images are usually contaminated or distorted while acquiring and transmitting the image due to several types of noises, misfocus of camera, disturbance due to blood flow, atmospheric turbulence. So it becomes necessary to apply image denoising processing to improve the quality of image. The search for efficient image denoising methods is still a valid challenge at the crossing of functional analysis and statistics. This paper compares the efficiency of wavelet based thresholding techniques in the presence of speckle noise for various wavelet family i.e. Haar, Morlet, Symlet, Daubechies in denoising a medical imaging resonance of brain. Performance estimation and analysis is done using SNR (Signal to Noise Ratio), PSNR (Peak Signal to Noise Ratio) and MSE (Mean Square Error). Based on the performance evaluation, it is inferred that wavelet transform is more effective as it has an ability to capture the energy of a signal in a few energy transform values usually known as wavelet coefficients.

The impact of Orem's self-care model on the quality of life in patients with type II diabetes

Abstract: Diabetes mellitus is a chronic disease that reduces the quality of life(QOL) in patients. Therefore, this research aimed to the effect of Orem's self-care model on the quality of life(QOL) in patients with type II diabetes at Ilam, Iran. A quasi-experimental study was performed on 80 patients with type II diabetes in Ilam in the year 2015. The research tools used in this study were a demographic questionnaire and the SF-36 survey. The patients were divided randomly into control and experimental groups. Orem's self-care programme was performed in six 60-90 minute sessions for six weeks in the experimental group. The data were analysed using SPSS software and descriptive and inferential statistics. The findings showed that the mean and standard deviation of the quality of life in the experimental group before and after the intervention were 47.1 ± 9.21 and 67.91 ± 12.87 respectively, which was statistically significant (P 0.05). Regarding the effectiveness of self-care programmes based on Orem's theory on the quality of life (QOL) in patients with diabetes, it is suggested that in nursing care this self-care programme can be used for patients with diabetes to improve their (QOL).

The Effect of Orange Essence Aromatherapy on Anxiety in School-Age Children with Diabetes

Abstract: This study aimed to determine the effect of orange essence aromatherapy on anxiety in school-age children with diabetes, as anxiety reduction would be expected to have a positive impact on health in this population. This clinical trial enrolled 60 children with diabetes, who were randomized to either the experimental or the control group (30 in each group). For the children in the experimental group, two drops of orange essence were poured on to a strip of gauze inside an open box, which was then held at a 5-cm distance from the child's nose. The children were then asked to breathe deeply for a span of 2 minutes. The control group received only routine care for diabetes. Data were collected using the Spielberger State-Trait Anxiety Inventoryand the Revised Children's Manifest Anxiety Scale. Data were analyzed using SPSS version 19 to perform descriptive and analytical statistical tests. No significant difference was observed between children's anxiety inthe experimental and control groups (P>.05) prior to the use of orange essence aromatherapy. After the therapeutic intervention, the anxiety of the experimental group significantly decreased compared to that before the intervention (P<.05). Orange aromatherapy, which is nonpharmacological and non-invasive, may be a useful complementary medical treatment for the management of anxiety in children with diabetes.

A New Hybrid Approach Using Fuzzy Clustering and Morphological Operations for Lung Segmentation in Thoracic CT Images

Abstract: For computer-aided-diagnosis (CAD) System, the lung segmentation phase is having most significant role in the detection of lung cancer at initial stages. It is needed as preprocessing step for obtaining the accurate Region of Interest (ROI) area. Efficiency of CAD system is mainly depending on how the lungs are precisely segmented. The effective lung segmentation overcomes the various challenges offered in CAD system to deal with the cases of juxtapleural nodules. This paper emphasizes the proposed method for lung segmentation in CT images using clustering approach of fuzzy-c-means with automatic thresholding and morphological operations. The experimental database contains 20 patients’ series (approximately 3600 images) from publically available LIDCIDRI dataset which includes 10 general cases and 10 cases having juxtapleural nodules in pulmonary region. Reference standard contours are prepared by the expert through manually tracing the lungs boundary. The segmented lungs obtained through proposed method are compared with the reference standards with the use of various parameters. The proposed method achieved overall overlap ratio of 99.94% accuracy with 0.94 Jaccard’s Index and 0.97 Dice similarity coefficient values.

Dynamics of Locomotor Apparatus’ Indices of Preschoolers with Scoliosis of I-II Degree Against the Background of Medicinal Physical Training

Abstract: For maximally efficient selection of scoliosis correction variants one should take into consideration the potential of each of them. We mean the dynamics of morpho-functional status of locomotor apparatus which is not fully studied yet. The dynamics of morphological and functional locomotor apparatus’ characteristics of 5-6-year children with scoliosis against the background of often applied in this case medicinal physical training is not yet fully studied too. In our research we tracked the dynamics of morphological and functional locomotor system’s peculiarities of 5-6-year old children with scoliosis of I-II degree against the background of regular medicinal physical training. It is established that living in Central Russia 5-6-year old children with scoliosis of I-II degree have typical symptoms of physical development inhibition. Because of that, they have lowering of somatometric indices, decrease of body muscles’ strength and level of their tolerance, and degree lowering of spinal column mobility. A course of medicinal physical training of these children with scoliosis for half a year can lower the evidence of spinal curvature, increase the strength and level of common tolerance of body muscles. However, it won’t ensure reaching the control level by these indices.

Biogenic silver nanoparticles are equally Cytotoxic as Chemically Synthesized silver nanoparticles

Abstract: Biogenic nanoparticles have received massive attention due to its increased application for production of nano medicine which had proven to be of intense value in the field of biomedicine. The present study was aimed to compare cytotoxicity of biosynthesized silver nanoparticles with chemically synthesized silver nanoparticles.The cytotoxic properties of both AgNPs were demonstrated in vitro by assessing the cell morphology, cell proliferation and DNA fragmentation usinghuman leukemia K562 cell line. The results from performed assays showed that biosynthesized AgNPs has significant concentration dependent cytotoxic effect with a varied degree of alteration in morphology and cell proliferation on K562 cell line similar to chemically synthesized silver nanoparticles.Also, induction of apoptosis was checked by cellular DNA fragmentation which showed that the biogenic as well as chemically synthesized AgNPs treated cells exhibited extensive double strand breakage with concentration dependent manner.In summary the present findings clearly indicated that biogenic AgNPs showed decreased cell viability and inhibits cell proliferation with effective cytotoxicity and antiproliferative activity.

Dynamics of Platelet Activity in 5-6-year Old Children with Scoliosis against the Background of Daily Medicinal-prophylactic Clothes’ Wearing for Half a Year

Abstract: Five-six-year old children with scoliosis were noticed to have strengthening of platelets’ aggregative features against the background of typical signs of their physical development inhibition. Daily wearing of medicinal-prophylactic clothes was applied to the observed children for removal of scoliosis and thrombocytopathy signs. The dynamics of morpho-functional indices and platelet activity was traced during 6 months of its wearing by children with scoliosis. In conducted research the children with scoliosis who daily wore the author’s variant of medicinal-prophylactic clothes for half a year, were found to have evidence lowering of spinal curvature, increase of strength and tolerance of body muscles, gradual indices’ weakening of platelet aggregation. We can consider that daily wearing of designed medicinal-prophylactic clothes for half a year can provide removal of scoliotic phenomena and lowering of platelet activity level in children with scoliosis. It brings accountable indices nearer to control values.

Physiological Activity of Platelet Aggregation in Calves of Vegetable Feeding

Abstract: At present it is acknowledged that platelets’ activity is very significant in provision of blood microrheology. In this connection, monitoring of their indices in different fields of medicine and biology is used more and more actively. The aim of our research is to clear out peculiarities of platelet activity in healthy Ireshire calves during the phase of vegetable feeding of early ontogenesis. The study used 42 Ireshire calves of vegetable feeding at stock-farm “Plemzavod Majskiy” in Vologda region (Russia). The animals were examined 4 times: at the age of 3 months, at the age of 6 months, at the age of 9 months and at the age of 12 months. We applied hematological and statistical methods of investigation. While aging the animals were noted to have strengthening of platelets’ aggregation in response to all the applied aggregation inductors. The most active aggregation of their platelets was noticed in response to adenosine diphosphate. Collagen and ristomicin aggregation had less evidence in them and less degree of rising. It pointed indirectly at low availability of collagen and little concentration of von Willebrand Factor in it. Deaggregating platelets’ abilities in response to all the applied inductors in examined calves had a tendency to growth. Found low platelets’ aggregation in Ireshire calves at the age between 3 and 12 months of life provided optimal conditions for blood supply of their internals during their growth and development.

Investigating the Effect of Lavender Essential Oil on Sleep Quality in Patients Candidates for Angiography

Abstract: Inadequate sleep quality is one of the most common problems in patients admitted to Cardiac care units (CCUs). Therefore, this research aimed to investigate with the effect of lavender essential oil in sleep quality in candidates for angiography who were hospitalized in an CCU in Iran. This randomized clinical trial was conducted in 60 patients undergoing angiography who were hospitalized in the CCU of a hospital in Ilam City, Iran. Patients were randomly assigned 1:1 to either a case group or a control group (each group, n = 30). Data were collected using the St. Mary's Hospital Sleep Questionnaire, which was completed before and after the intervention. The case group received 15 drops of lavender essential oil 24 hours prior to angiography and every 8 hours thereafter; the control group received its previous routine care. After the intervention, the data were analyzed via descriptive and inferential statistical tests using SPSS statistical software v19. The demographic characteristics of the case and control groups were similar (P>0.05). There was no statistically significant difference before the intervention in sleep quality between the case group and the control group (P>0.05). Additionally, no statistically significant difference was observed in the case or the control group with respect to sleep quality before and after the intervention (P>0.05). Due to the lack of effect shown by lavender essential oil in sleep quality, further studies should be conducted to the effects of lavender and other essential oils.

Assessment of Human Fatigue during Physical Performance using Physiological Signals: A Review

Abstract: Fatigue is a major safety concern for personnel in many fields which includes aviation & military personnel, astronauts, drivers, doctors, industrial workers, computer users, etc. Assessing human fatigue is essential for enhancing capability of the individual at work, thereby accomplishing more work efficiency and also ensuring the safety of individual. The survey reviews the various techniques that have been used to measure and recognize the fatigue in a person. Experts in research community have investigated human fatigue using various features of the physiological signals. The several physiological signals like Blood Volume Pulse (BVP), Electromyogram (EMG), Galvanic Skin Response (GSR), Electrocardiogram (ECG), and Respiratory signals are investigated to detect the stress and fatigue of a person. It also discusses various classification techniques that have been used by researchers to identify the fatigue in a person. This work presents a comprehensive survey of fatigue and stress detection using various physiological signals. Furthermore, it also aims to find the most appropriate features and techniques to efficiently assess human stress and fatigue.

Alzheimer’s Disease Diagnosis by using Dimensionality Reduction Based on Knn Classifier

Abstract: Data mining is fast developing technology in extensive sort of applications. One of the essential data mining areas is medical data mining. Healthcare industry is a kind of industry, where huge amount of information’s and are more sensitive. That information is required to be handle very carefully without any mischievousness. There is a wealth of data presented in healthcare but there is no effective analysis tool to discover hidden relationships in data. There are numerous data mining methods that have been utilized as a part of healthcare industry but now the investigation has to be going on the performance of several classification techniques. In this paper, they proposed the Novel dimensionality reduction based KNN Classification Algorithm for analyzing and classifying the Alzheimer disease and Mild Cognitive Impairment are present in the datasets. National Alzheimer’s Coordinating Centre (NACC) having the Researcher’s Data Dictionary Uniform Data Set (RDD-UDS) is gives dataset for the researchers to analyzing clinical and statistic information’s. From this research work, that gives more accuracy percentage, sensitivity percentage and specificity percentage to provide a better result.

Comparative Study of the Effect of Incorporating SiO2 Nano-Particles on Properties of Poly methyl Methacrylate Denture Bases

Abstract: The aim of this investigation was to assessand comparethe impact of incorporation of nanosilica sand (crystalline) and nano-silica (amorphous) on the properties (impact strength, transverse strength, and hardness)of heat-cure type acrylic resin denture base material, polymethylmethacrylate (PMMA). Nanoparticles(NPs) with different concentrations (3%, 5% and 7%) were incorporated by weight into PMMA and processed under optimal conditions.161 samples were prepared for this study.These samples were placed in three groups according to the tests performedandeach group consisted of seven sub-groups according to the percentage of NPs added. Charpy test for impact strength, transverse strength test and hardness test (shore D) were conducted. The morphology, size distribution and crystallinity of the NPs were estimated by scanning electron microscope, atomic force microscope, and X-Ray diffraction respectively.The results show that each investigated property was enhanced after NPs filler wasincorporatedwhen compared to control group. Highly significant improvements in impact strength,transverse strength and hardness were observed with addition of NPsto PMMA at 3%, 5% and 7% by weight. However, compromised mechanical properties is still a drawback of PMMA , hence it can be easily damaged by accidents or high mastication forcesduring denture wear. One of the ways of improving the mechanical properties of PMMA based materials may be NPsincorporation which canimprove the physical and mechanical properties. Optimum nanoparticle doses can yield superior mechanical properties.

In vitro screening for phytochemicals and antioxidant activities of syngonium podophyllum l.: an incredible therapeutic plant

Abstract: Searching for natural curative agents with a superior safety profile for the management of oxidative stress linked disorders are continuing owing to multiple unwanted effects linked with synthetic antioxidants. Medicinal plants are still considered as one of the imperative cradles of modern medicine. Therefore the drive of this study was to analyse the phytochemical constituents and antioxidant activities of the Syngonium podophyllum (S. podophyllum) L. leaves. The fresh leaves of S. podophyllum L. were extracted with methanol (CME) afterward fractionation using n-hexane (NHF), chloroform (CLF), ethyl acetate (EAF) and aqueous (AQF). The plant extract and its fractions were evaluated for phytochemical content by alkaloids, carbohydrates, saponins, tannins, resins, flavonoids and steroids tests. Total phenolic content (TPC) was also determined. Antioxidant activities were determined by total antioxidant activity (TAA), reducing power activity (RPA) and DPPH (2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl) radical scavenging activity tests. The phytochemical analysis of CME and its fractions of S. podophyllum L. leaves exposed the presence of alkaloids, tannins, resins, flavonoids and steroids. The CME of S. podophyllum L. leaves exhibited the highest amount (10.55 mg of GAE/g of dried extract) of TPC compared to remaining fractions. The highest absorbance, 3.791 nm was found in CME with respect to remaining fractions for TAA test. Among the crude extract and its different fractions, highest absorbance, 3.015 nm was reported for CME in RPA test. In the DPPH radical scavenging test, CME showed the highest scavenging activity (79.89%) with IC50 of 46.55 ìg/mL. This study indorsed that CME has marked antioxidant activities. This plant extract might be a promising source of natural antioxidant which can be effective for the treatment of oxidative stress related disorders.

Analysis of the National Pharmacovigilance Database in Jordan (2010-2014)

Abstract: The aims of this study were to analyze the adverse drug reactions reports (ADRs) submitted to the Jordan Pharmacovigilance (PV) department at Jordan Food and Drug Administration (JFDA) in the period from 2010 to 2014, determine the rate of reporting of ADRs per year, identify the most common drugs involved in ADRs, and finally the most commonly body systems implicated in ADRs. The total number of ADRs reports was 428. There was a 5-fold increase in the rate of reporting over the study period. The most commonly classes of drugs implicated in ADRs were antineoplastics (37.6%), followed by immunomodulators (14.1%), antibiotics (10.3%) and analgesics (6.6%). The most commonly reported system organ classes involved in these ADRs were skin and subcutaneous (19.2%), followed by gastrointestinal (16.5%) and nervous system (11.5%). This is the first study to analyze the Jordan national pharmacovigilance database and the results of this study are considered the cornerstone of post-marketing surveillance and it could be used an essential tool for signal generation in Jordan. More educational programs and awareness campaigns are needed to promote the concept of PV and to increase the role of healthcare professionals in the reporting of ADRs in Jordan. Kewords: Pharmacovigilance; adverse drug reactions; Jordan.

Evaluation of Antidiabetic Activity of Aqueous Extract of Mangifera Indica Leaves in Alloxan Induced Diabetic Rats

Abstract: Plants and their bioactive constituents are used for the treatment of diabetes mellitus throughout the world; especially in countries where access to the conventional treatment of diabetes mellitus is inadequate. There have been several reports on the hypoglycemic activity of Mangifera indica(MI). Hence, the present study was undertaken to investigate the anti-diabetic effect of MI leaves extract alone and in combination with an oral hypoglycemic drug, gliclazide on alloxan induced diabetic rat models. Alloxan monohydrate (125mg/kg, I.P) was used to induce diabetes in albino rats weighing 200250 g. The fasted diabetic rats were divided in to 6 groups of 6 animals each. The control group received vehicle (5% gum acacia) only. Group 2 and 3received MI 200mg/ kg, 400mg/kg respectively; Group 4 and 5 received Gliclazide 2mg/kg and 4mg/kg respectively and group 6 received MI leaves extract 200mg/kg + Gliclazide 2mg/kg. This study was conducted over a period of 15 days with oral administration of drugs and the plant extract which was started on the 6th day of alloxan treatment. The fasting blood glucose levels will be determined on day 0, 10, and 15th day by using glucometer. Data were statistically analyzed by ANOVA followed by Dunnet’s multiple comparison test. All the test groups showed significant (P < 0.0001) decreased fasting blood glucose levels in alloxan induced diabetic rats treated with the aqueous extract of MI. However, the Combination of MI extract with gliclazide produced a significant (P<0.0001) decrease in blood glucose level which is higher than that produced by gliclazide alone. The decrease in blood glucose levels is probably due to reduction in the intestinal absorption of glucose. MI possesses significant hypoglycemic activity probably due to presence of flavonoids, tannins, steroids and trepenoids and the aqueous extract of leaves contain higher levels of phenol and flavonoids which exhibit greater antioxidant activity by lowering the diabetic complication.

Diagnostical Appreciation of Physiological Reaction of intravascular Thrombocytes’ Activity of two-Years-old Mice to Regular Physical Loads

Abstract: Background: to appreciate physical loads’ influence on rising intravascular thrombocytes’ activity of healthy mice during the second year of their age. The investigation was fulfilled on 93 healthy males of mice taken into research at the age of 12 months. 45 of them formed an experimental group – they experienced during a year daily physical loads. The control group was composed of 48 healthy males who lived in usual vivarium conditions and didn’t experience physical loads. There were applied the following methods of investigation: biochemical, hematological and statistical. Mice under control while growing up were found to have gradual rise of intravascular thrombocytes’ activity. Regular daily physical loads between 12 and 24 months of life suppressed the rise of investigated mice’ intravascular thrombocytes’ activity connected with age. Regular physical loads are able to suppress in case of mice of the 2nd year of life rising with age inclination to the increase of thrombocyte aggregate formation in their blood.

An Efficient Detection System for Screening Glaucoma in Retinal Images

Abstract: Glaucoma is the retinal disorder which leads to irreversible vision loss. The main root cause of this disorder is hyper tension, which affects the optic nerves in retinal image. In this paper, an efficient diagnosis system is proposed for screening the Glaucoma disorder using retinal images of the patients. The Optic Disc (OD) and Optic Cup (OC) are segmented from retinal image and further Neuro retinal rim region is detected. The features such as Effective Local Binary Pattern (ELBP), Grey Level Coocuurence Matrix (GLCM) and Optic Band features are extracted from this neuro retinal rim region. These features are trained and classified using Support Vector Machine (SVM) classifier.

Risk Prediction to Examine Health Status with Real and Synthetic Datasets

Abstract: Now a days, every part of country try to take care of the health status of its public. There comes a process called health examination, which will predict health condition of the people. In this process the overall health records is merged into a single document and according to the data the prediction of risk will be calculated. Here we are using two types of data called real and synthetic, the real data comes under the data which we directly get through the hospital records and synthetic means the data which we have collect by ourselves. For the synthetic data we have to examine personally patient’s health records. We may call the synthetic data as unlabeled because we don’t have the exact records. The most important trial here is to predict the unlabeled one. This type of data-set is unique as it describes the person’s health that is fluctuating i.e. good health to worst. In this paper we try to show the prediction of risk for the patient, whether the patient is good in health or they require some precaution. For this application we used an algorithm which is designed to detect the situation in process. Semi supervised is the main method for the entire application.

Performance Comparison of Different Despeckled Filters for Ultrasound Images

Abstract: Ultrasound (US) is an economical, non-ionizing, transferable, and adaptable imaging technique which have a major role in diagnosing the diseases and in image guided surgery. But due to higher frequency absorbed by tissue and skin it cannot penetrate deeply in comparison to lower frequency. So, it gives degraded quality image by echo signals and we get an inferior quality noisy image with some clinical information loss. There are various filters which despeckle the noisy US image and preserve the clinical details. In this paper, we compare the performance of four despeckle filters: Median filter, Lee Filter, Frost Filter, and Speckle Reducing Anisotropic Diffusion (SRAD) Filter in terms of peak signal to noise ratio (PSNR) and structural similarity index measure (SSIM) performance index. We have selected two parameters as: window size (3x3, 5x5, 7x7, for all iteration number 10) and number of iteration (20, 30, 40, for all window size 3x3) for performance comparison. Finally, we have seen that SRAD filter is more efficient for removing Speckle noise in comparison to other stated filters, but the performance of median filter is also good enough for speckle noise reduction.

A Systematic Review on Lycopene and its Beneficial Effects

Abstract: Oxidative stress is an important risk factor for various diseases. Dietary consumption of carotenoids like lycopene attenuates the oxidative stress in human beings, also widely distributed in fruits, vegetables like tomato, watermelon, and guava. Antioxidant, and a free radical scavenger property by its unique structure, it is believed to be primarily responsible for various biological effects, supported by sound scientific evidence.The Present systematic review outlines the currently available data on lycopene sources, structure, its absorption, and its beneficial role in chronic diseases. It shows protective against alzheimer disease by improving cognitive functions by protecting oxidative damage of mitochondrial enzymes and preventing apoptosis. Systemic inflammation exacerbates more co-morbidities in chronic obstructive pulmonary diseases lycopene attenuates this condition by its antioxidant property. It regulates osteoporosis by decreasing bone turnover and osteoclast activity with an increase in osteoclast activity. Lycopene reduces neuropathic pain by increasing the expression of connexin (CX43) expression in the dorsal horn of spinal cord which maintains neuropathic pain.

Diagnosis of Cattle Brucellosis by PCR and Serological Methods: Comparison of Diagnostic Tests

Abstract: Brucellosis is one of the most widespread zoonotic diseases globally. This chronic, contagious disease mainly transmitted from cattle, sheep, goats, pigs and camels through direct contact with blood, placenta, fetuses or uterine secretions or through consumption of contaminated raw animal products such as unpasteurized milk or cheese. Brucellosis is endemic in Iran. The aim of this study was to compare the molecular and serological tests for detection of brucellosis. In a cross-sectional study, the blood specimens were collected from 92 unvaccinated cattle during the time period September 2014 to July, 2015.. The serum samples were aliquoted and stored at −20°C until tested. The brucellosis diagnosis was established by indirect ELISA (iELISA), Rose Bengal, 2ME, Wright and polymerase chain reaction (PCR) method. In this investigation frequency of brucellosis by using Wright, 2ME, Rose Bengal, and iELISA methods were 42.3% (n= 39), 50% (n= 71), 78.2% (n=72), 75% (n=69), 86.2% (n=76), respectively. The specificity and sensitivity of iELISA was higher than the other tests. The 72 positive Rose Bengal samples in PCR were shown to be positive by both genes and 20 negative Rose Bengal samples were shown negative by both samples. Prevention of brucellosis mainly involves education, food quality and personal hygiene. Efforts should be made by responsible authorities. The results of this study showed specificity and sensitivity of indirect ELISA (iELISA) test is more than other methods. So, brucellosis diagnosis using of this test is recommended.