Showing papers in "BioTechnology: An Indian Journal in 2014"

Edge szeged index of certain special molecular graphs

Abstract: Szeged index and edge Szeged index are introduced to measure the characters of molecular graphs. These properties have potential applications in pharmaceutical field. In this paper, we determine theedgeSzeged index of fan molecular graph, wheel molecular graph, gear fan molecular graph, gear wheel molecular graph, and their r-corona molecular graphs.

Bio-detoxification of aflatoxin M1 in kefir using Lactobacillus casei

Abstract: Kefir is a fermented dairy product, manufactured by starter culture and nowadays consumed widely around the world. It may become contaminated with aflatoxin M1 (AFM1) which even in small quantities, have harmful effects on consumers health. Therefore‚ a practical and effective method is needed for detoxification ofAFM 1 contaminated milk or decreasing its toxicity‚ such as using different cultures and probiotic agents. Specific lactic acid bacteria strains have been reported in removing AFM 1 fromliquid media by physical binding. The aimof this studywas to detect the effect of kefir starter and Lactobacillus casei to bind AFM1 in kefirmade frommilk spikedwith 500pgAFM1mL-1.Accordingly, five levels of kefir starter (2%‚ 4%‚ 6%‚ 8%‚ 10%) and five levels of Lb. casei (0.1%‚ 0.3%‚ 0.5%‚ 0.7% and 0.9%) with constant amount of kefir starter (4%) were used‚ separately. After 48h, the AFM1 content of kefir samples was measured by competitive ELISA technique. Statistical analyses showed that the sample containing 6% kefir starter had the most reduction in AFM1 concentration (88.17%) which was significant (p<0.05).Although there were no significant differences (p<0.05) betweenAFM1 concentration of samples containing 0.5‚ 0.7 and 0.9% levels of Lb.casei‚ but the sample containing 0.9% Lb.casei and 4% kefir starter, had more AFM1 binding (82.12%). Generally‚ the effect of kefir starter (alone) was more than Lb. casei inAFM1 binding and the combination of these strains had synergistic effect inAFM1 reduction. These findings affirmed that particular bacteria and yeast used in this study can offer decontaminating AFM1 kefir.

Panel cointegration analysis of export facilitation and comparative advantages: The case of Chinese low-technology manufactures

Abstract: This paper attempts to investigate the nexus between the comparative advantages and the net export capability by employing panel Granger non-causality analysis technique on a dataset of the Chinese low-technology manufactures for the period of 1987-2011. The results show that the net export capabilities significantly surpass the comparative advantages. However, there is no sign that the enhanced net export capabilities as the results of export facilitation have any statistically significant effect on the improvement of the Chinese comparative advantages in the low-technology manufactures. On the opposite, the comparative advantages Granger cause the net exports in both short-run and long-run. Further examination indicates that the short-run effect is negative while the long-run effect is positive, implying that in the short-run, the export facilitation targets at saving the deteriorating comparative advantages, and the long-run net export capabilities are essentially based upon the comparative advantages. At least for the low-technology manufactures, the Chinese export facilitation aims at employment and economic growth instead of the improvement of comparative advantages

Detecting Crime Types Using Classification Algorithms

Abstract: Criminal behavior reflects the characteristics of the criminals. To infer the types of unknown criminals from vast amounts of different crime characteristics is an important part of criminal behavior analysis. It is a good solution to classify the criminals using classification algorithms. Three typical classification algorithms are used to analyze the criminal datasets in this paper, including C4.5 algorithm, Naive Bayesian algorithm and K nearest neighbor (KNN) algorithm. However, quite a lot of missing data values can result in a seriously effect on the classification accuracy. Therefore, the missing data filling method which fills missing data based on grey relational analysis (GRA) theory is used. The experimental results on the criminal dataset show that higher classification accuracy can be obtained using this missing data filling method

Research on the quality evaluation of the table tennis competition based on the optimization theory

Abstract: Through the research on the athletesÂ’ skills play and physical agility consumption in Sydney Olympics and the 49th World Table Tennis Championships, this paper studies the impact of changes in the size of table tennis on the athletes, obtains that the bigger table tennis will lower the athletesÂ’ competition quality, establishes the indicator system of the audience to appreciate the competition quality, and analyzes the changes in the audience to appreciate the game.On this basis, it uses the optimization theory, builds relationship between the intensity degree of audienceÂ’s applause and the plate number and the relationship between the competition time and athletesÂ’ satisfaction degree, and puts forward reasonable proposals for the table tennis players

Genetic algorithms model study based on best throwing parameter of shot

Abstract: This paper uses the theory ofmechanics andmathematical software, studies the farthest horizontal distance of the shot throwing. It uses genetic algorithm to obtain the best parameters during the throwing process, and conducts sensitivity analysis on the influencing factors in the shot throwing process, determines the primary and secondary relationships between the factors. Then on this basis, it discusses the factors affecting the farthest horizontal distance of throwing, establishes the farthest throwing models; the athlete can calculate the best throwing angle according to the height and throwing habit. It tests the model by taking world-class Shot athletes Randy Barnes as an example.

Table tennis flight trajectory influence factors research based on biomechanical model

Abstract: With sports development, table tennis has already become a favorite event among broad masses, no matter in school, or in mass stadium, there are table tennis enthusiasts. Chinese table tennis level is always in the lead of the world, however to remain leading level without changing, it should make research and reform on table tennis training all the time. Based on this, the paper researches on table tennis air movement, with an aim to better reveal table tennis sports rules. The paper firstlymakes decomposition on table tennis movement each phase, then successively makes force analysis of each phase, combines with mechanical knowledge and differential equation modeling relative knowledge to find out each phase mechanical relationsÂ’ differential equations, and finally combines themand gets differential equation researches on table tennis air sports rules, which provides theoretical basis for Chinese table tennis training so that propel to Chinese table tennis development

The study on comprehensive evaluationmodel for sports teaching quality

Abstract: The evolution of sports teaching is a kind of important mode of teaching evolution in school. With the development of society, Universities and Colleges developed in-depth comprehensive research and showed general concerns on sports teaching evaluation. The establishment of a perfect system in physical education is a new requirement that the new historical period entrusted on the Institutions of Higher Education in China because it has a far-reaching impact on improving national quality and physical quality. The paper builds a historical system for the sports teaching, also builds model of sports teaching in theory. By constructing a basically thought of fuzzy comprehensive evolution by using the principle of maximum membership degree and fuzzy linear transformation, and considering various influence relevant to the assessment of the things, one goal towards reasonable integrated assessment on another thing can be reached. After that, rationality and effectiveness of comprehensive evaluation model are verified through two practical examples in different locations, which prove that the evaluation results are in good level. Therefore, the verification proved that themodel is accurate,which achieved practical application that evaluationmodel fuzzymathematics plays a part on the studentsÂÂ’ physical quality.

Table tennis changes to movement trajectory influence research based on fuzzy comprehensive evaluation and differential equation

Abstract: The paper firstlymakes force analysis of table tennis when lifting the ball, and according to moment of momentum theorem, it gets rotational speed and diameter inverse ratio relations; then it makes force analysis of air movement table tennis, and gets kinematic equation.After diameter getting big, ball speed and rotational speed get small, and ballmovement time gets long, let opponent probability of receiving the ball and fighting back increase. And establish analytic hierarchy process and fuzzy comprehensive evaluation test model to test. It concludes that big ball promotes competition appreciation relative to small ball, but playersÂ’ competition experiences reduce

Discussion on table tennis size reform advantages and disadvantages based on fuzzy comprehensive analysis and game theory

Abstract: For table tennis reforming fromsmall to big influence, the paper willmake quantitative analysis from athletesÂ’ experience qualities and audience appreciation qualities two aspects so as to ensure its comprehensiveness. For athletesÂ’ experience qualities, the paper establishes fuzzy comprehensive analysis algorithmÂ’s evaluation model, it gets before table tennis reforming (that is small ball era) athletesÂ’ experience qualities fuzzy comprehensive value as 70.586, and after reforming one is 63.812, so that get athlete experience qualities have some reductions. The next is establishing competition hosting manufacturers and professional technicians two parties game model, it gets organizersÂ’ pure economic efficiency increases, whichmapping audiences appreciation interests have been improved. Finally with the help of fuzzy mathematical thought, it establishes proportional distribution model, and makes reasonable suggestions for table tennis size.

Computer simulation-based curling tactical drills research

Abstract: With computer technology rapidly development, computer analog simulation technology has been penetrated into all walks of life. The paper applies computer analog simulation technology into sports event curling, establishes curling tactical simulation system, with an aim to research curling rules and features. The paper firstly renders human body model, gets human body model in computer a, and then establishes curling tactical simulation system, and focuses on researching on model calculation subsystem under tactical simulation system, establishes collision detection model and physical ability attenuation model. Finally it gets physical ability waste estimation method according to athlete works to overcome resistance in competitions, and provides physical ability attenuation formula, and further perfects curling tactical simulation system.

Exploring employees perceptions of biometric technology adoption in hotels

Abstract: Biometric technology is quickly becoming a principal method of identification in todayÂ’s fast-paced networked and security-conscious society. However, adoption of new technology is considered successful when employees embrace and use it effectively. The purpose of this study was to explore perceptions and acceptance of biometric technology by employees in hotels: trying to find out about the knowledge base available about biometrics among hotel employees. This study apply technology acceptance model (TAM) to conduct this research. The results indicated that 77% of employees are ready to adopt biometric systems in hotels, especially if they are perceived as useful.

Table tennis teaching quality evaluation system research and application based on fuzzy rough clustering method

Abstract: In order to objective evaluate table tennis teachersÂ’ education teaching quality, propel to table tennis teaching quality improvement, the research uses clustering rough sets method establishing table tennis education teaching quality evaluation system. The system carries out evaluation on teaching quality from teachersÂ’ morality, teaching design, teaching way and practice result these four aspects, establishes 3 layersÂ’ hierarchical structure, evaluates judgment matrix by constructing fuzzy clustering, it gets each indicator weight and bottomlayer indicator combinationweight, comprehensive indicator sizes calculated by combinationweight can reflect table tennis teachersÂ’ teaching quality merits. The method uses fuzzy sets theory defining each indicator weight; evaluation result is more scientific and reasonable. The systemmakes up for the gap of table tennis education teaching quality evaluation; it has profound significance in propelling table tennis education development and improving table tennis teaching quality.

Recovery of phenolic antioxidants from the peel fraction of bilberry (Vaccinium myrtillus L.) processing waste

Abstract: The extraction of phenolic compounds from the peel fraction of bilberry processing waste was investigated. The phenolic content of bilberry peels was 25.3 ± 2.4 mg GAE per gram dry weight and the flavonoid content was 2.85 ± 0.42 mg QE per gram dry weight. Extraction experiments were carried out in batch mode, using ethanol–water mixtures as solvent. A central composite design was used to study the effects of liquid-to-solid ratio (R = 20–40 mL g–1), aqueous ethanol concentration (C= 30–70 vol%), extraction time (E = 90–210 min) and temperature (T = 30–50 °C) on the recovery of phenolic compounds. Under the best conditions (R = 40 mL g–1, C = 70%, E = 210min and T = 50 °C) over 95% of the phenolics present in the waste were recovered. R, C and T were the most influential factors and all had a positive effect on the extraction efficiency. Based on the statistical analysis of the data, a simplified model was developed which provided an accurate estimation of the extraction yields both inside and outside the design space. Overall, the results of this study strongly support the potential of bilberry processing waste as a source of natural antioxidants and give useful directions on how to improve recovery by proper selection of extraction conditions.

Chinese sports goods industry independent innovation input and output evaluation research based on fuzzy theory

Abstract: The paper makes evaluation on Chinese sports goods manufacturing independent innovation on the basis of fuzzy evaluation system, considers sports goods manufacturing scientific and technological achievements use rate, number of independent intellectual property rights patent licensing, research and development fund input proportion of sales revenue, enterprise development fund proportion of sales revenue, scientific and technical staff proportion of number of enterprise staff, scientific and technical personnel reward proportion of staff reward as well as other factors. The paper investigates current Chinese sports goods manufacturing independent innovation development environment, and looks for enterprises existing problems in independent creation, by constructing fuzzy comprehensive evaluation, focuses on sports goods manufacturing enterprises independent innovation, it establishes enterprises independent innovation module. Establish AHP system, and by lots of experiences, make empowerment to enterprises independent innovation influence factors, it gets that independent innovation input and independent innovation output proportions should be respectively 0.75 and 0.25 so as to realize enterprises independent innovation. Therefore Chinese sports manufacturing independent innovation capacity is still in the preliminary stage, the system is also not perfect.

Weighted-based table tennis robot return speed calculation applied research

Abstract: Table tennis is always Chinese sports meetingsÂ’ strong event, all previous Olympic Games table tennis gold, silver and bronzemedals are nearly taken byChinese athletes. Chinese scholarsÂ’ researches on table tennis theoretical basis also lead the world, which provides good theoretical basis for developing table tennis robots. By simplifying physical model, the paper proposes methods relative to robot return speed calculation; meanwhile it makes prediction on table tennis trajectory. By ignoring table tennis movement suffered Magnus force, it uses iterative fitting to predict table tennis movement trajectory, and uses simplified physical model to solve return speed. Meanwhile according to experience data calculation by computer, it gets table tennis movement trajectory and return speed based on experiences data. Based on weighted theoretical model and experience model, it gets newweight values to adjust calculation return speed method. It provides simple ways for table tennis robot hitting returning speed calculation geometric theoretical advantages and practical experience advantages.

Research of small and medium enterprises financing mode based on supply chain finance

Abstract: There are various solutions over the years, but the supply chain finance financing mode provides a new way of thinking to break financing difficulties of small and medium enterprises. It has great research and development value and application potential. This paper defines the concept of small and medium enterprises based on the supply chain finance, and explores concept, characteristic and subjects of the supply chain finance, three basic patterns in the process of solving the financing of SME and other issues. It presents the financing situation of SME from direct and indirect financing situation, summarizes special performances of the financing difficulties of SME, and makes an indepth analysis of causes of the financing difficulties of SME in China from internal and external of enterprises. Finally, it puts forward advantages of supply chain finance in solving the financing difficulties of SME.

Grey BP neural network-based women heptathlon performance prediction application

Abstract: The paper makes statistics of world women heptathlon annual best performances during 2005i½Âž2013, takes prediction on heptathlon best performance in 2013 as research objects. According to statistical world women heptathlon annual best performance during 2005i½Âž2012, the paper establishes sports performance prediction model that is series combined by GM(1, 1) grey prediction model and BP neural network prediction model, and applies established model to predict world women heptathlon annual best performances in 2013. By comparing world women heptathlon annual best performance actual value with model predicted value in 2013, study and analyze grey BP neural network prediction model application in sports performance prediction problem. Research results show that for sports performance prediction problem, grey BP neural network prediction model’s prediction accuracy is high, application is simple, and generalizability is strong, it has more advantages over single GM(1, 1) grey prediction model and BP neural network model by comparing.

The regression analysis on fast strength and punch speed of the left foot and right foot in Sanda hook based on kinematic mechanics

Abstract: In order to make the level of Chinese Sanda athletes can improve rapidly, this paper firstly conducts the mechanical analysis and dynamic analysis on the upper body and left and right arms of Sanda athletes when do flat hooks, obtains the potential energy produced by the various parts of the body when Sanda athletes do flat hooks. Then it analyzes that when the athletes do flat hooks, the correlation between the strength parameters and the punch speed of the left foot and right foot is more significant; the ratio of the strength of the left foot and right foot and the athleteÂ’s body weight, and the time for the left foot and right foot to reach the maximum strength has quadratic function relationships with the punch speed, the extreme value of the right foot is x i€½ 0.204, y i€½ 5.643 , and the extreme value of the left foot is x i€½ 0.189, y i€½ 5.587 . And as can be seen from the results, athletesÂ’ enhancing the strength and force speed when pedaling the ground in training, and shortening the force time are in favor of the punch speed of hooks

Kinetics model analysis and technical optimization study on the elite menÃÂs triple jump

Abstract: For the existing action defect problemof Chinese Triple jump athletes, this paper studies the motion parameters and technical actions of triple jump athletes through the analysis of kinematics, combines the whole process of triple jump, uses the mathematical statistical methods, by comparing Chinese elite athleteswith foreign elite athletes, and concludes that Chinese athletesÂ’ speed and take-off angle is too small, they have deficiency in the integrity and continuity of the action. Therefore, in the future training we should pay attention to strengthening the training of speed, increasing the ground pedaling angle when taking off, adjusting the power ratio of triple jump, focusing on strength training of upper body; it studies the taking-off angle of the third jump to find the best jumping angle. Through the study of the triple jump technique, this paper raises rationalization proposals for the improvement of technological level, which is aiming at improvement the technological level of China triple jump.

Biomechanical analysis-based aerobics athletes' athletic ability fuzzy comprehensive evaluation

Abstract: The paper firstly applies Lagrange equations to solve restricted particle kinetic equations, combines with theoretical formulas to analyze athlete hand jointmechanicalmovement, and combineswith shoulder joint, elbow joint mechanical analysis to study on aerobics taking-off, rotation and other motions. Establish fuzzy comprehensive evaluation model, define weights, and then establish fuzzy relation matrix, finally calculate. Result shows that aerobics cooperative ability occupies 30%, innovation attainment occupies 25%, and aesthetic level occupies 18%.Among them, cooperative ability, innovation attainment, and aesthetic level belong to humanistic education and cultivation range, the paper can clearly get that aerobics such event is a kind of sports discipline with stronger cultural atmosphere.

World Men's 200m performance development trend applied research based on residual correction gm (1, 1) model

Abstract: For competitive sports performance prediction problems possessed “poor data information”, “small sample” and “dynamics” as well as other traditional statistical methods hard problems, grey model’s application will more effective and accurate solve the problems. But meanwhile grey model’s application in competitive sports prediction problems, it also appears lots of problems; traditional GM (1, 1) model cannot arrive at corresponding accuracy in lots of problems’ prediction. The paper researches on residual correction-based GM (1, 1) grey model application in competitive sports. Take world men’s 200m best performance from 2003 to 2013 as sample, it carries out residual correctionGM(1, 1) greymodel’s modeling, its prediction accuracy arrives at first grade accuracy, and makes prediction and models onworldmen’s 200m best performance in 2014 with solved model, it solves its prediction performance is 20.59s

Variance analysis-based cheerleading to female university students confidence activation effects research

Abstract: The paper makes analysis of cheerleading features, confidence functions and confidence measurement three aspects, it detailed states single factor variance and covariance analysis mathematical principle, application conditions and SPSS implementation steps, uses SPSS software to make before and after experiments single factor variance analysis and covariance analysis of aerobics option course, sports dance option course and cheerleading option course studentsÂ’ four dimensional confidence levels, in single factor variance analysis, it gets cheerleading overall efficiency on female university students confidence level improving advantages, in covariance analysis, it gets each dimensional cheerleading to female university studentsÂ’ confidence level promotion and other two learnersÂ’ comparison, and gets that cheerleading has very remarkable effects on female university students confidence level promotion

Construction of the athletes exchange system in the perspective of development of Chinese sports in new era

Abstract: With the development of economic globalization, the competition between countries has shifted from the competition of the military strength to the competition of economic strength and sports strength. At first, this study describes the exchange status and constraints of the athletes in new era. And, it proposes the athletes exchange system based on the perspective of development of Chinese sports in new era and addresses the core idea of its exchange system specifically. Then, it discusses the status, role and correlation of the four elements of core concept. Finally, it puts forward some suggestions for the exchange current situation of Chinese sports athletes. It has a certain reference value. However, the rapid development of Chinese sports in new era has led the original exchange ways and system of athletes can not satisfy the requirements of the current development of Chinese sports. The exchange system of athletes should be improved so that the athletes can find the development direction of themselves. First, this study describes the exchange status and constraints of the athletes in new era in detail. Then, it makes a detailed analysis for the reason than caused the current status of Chinese athletesÂ’ exchange in new era and proposes the construction of the athletes exchange system based on the perspective of development of Chinese sports in new era. Also, it elaborates on the core concept of the exchange system, and then discusses the status, role and correlation of the four elements of core concept. Finally, it puts forward some suggestions for the exchange current situation of Chinese sports athletes based on the perspective of development of Chinese sports in new era.

Previous aerobics world championships difficulty motions scores factor research based on abc analysis method

Abstract: In aerobicsworld championships, final performance is composed of lots of factors, due to difficulty motions are competitive games’ viewpoints and highlights, therefore difficulty motions scoring status becomes the key link that affects final scores, what on earth is the factors restrict difficulty motions scores, how to more reasonable improve athlete training charter and let it become the subject of people’s attention. So, the paper makes analysis of competitive aerobics difficulty motions scores main influence factors, in the hope of providing scientific proof for factors mentioned in research, and providing guidance for aerobics players’ cultivation orientation. In the paper, it firstly applies expert interview and Activity BasedClassification(ABC), extracts difficultymotions scoresmain influence factors “difficult”, “stable”, “new” and “beauty”, then applies quantitative analysismethod analyzing “difficult”, “stable”, utilizes illustration method stating “new” and “beauty”, finally uses questionnaire survey analyzing aerobics world championships five sports events corresponding four difficulty motions scores influence factors importance, which provides theoretical basis for competitive aerobics evaluation and teaching

Optimization model of athletic performance prediction based on neural network application research

Abstract: There are many influence factors in the achievement of track and field, so to forecast the athletes' grades need to better forecast model, based on this thought, this paper has introduced the BP neural network model, RBF neural network model and dynamic neural network model, after comparison of draw three BP neural network model has high accuracy, in addition, through the three kinds of neural network model for the combination, introduced to the specific instance is obtained through the combination of the model after than any single forecast model accuracy is high, so that faster the superiority of this model, he will be on neural network for sports performance prediction development play an important role.

Factor analysis-based Chinese universities aerobics sustainable development research

Abstract: Competitive sports competitions’ aerobics motions are elegant and artistic, and well received by national people; it has been rapidly developed and gradually popularized in Chinese universities campuses. Targeted at Chinese universities aerobics development factor “University students in school satisfaction with universities aerobics development”, “Aerobics athletes training times”, “Aerobics athletes duration per one training”, “Aerobics athletes’ age”, “Aerobics coaches’ age”, “Aerobics coaches’ education background”, it makes factor analysis and gets aerobics development mainly rely on aerobics coaches and aerobics athletes themselves such two factors. Only the two are well mutually adjusted then can let Chinese aerobics to be better developed.

Teenagers aerobics players-based evaluation system analysis and physical abilities features research

Abstract: The paper researches on teenage woman aerobics athleteÂ’ physical qualities, functions, body shapes, tests on random selected 15 athletes, and establish physical fitness indicators, by applying biomechanics, mathematical statistics, principal component analysis, and questionnaire aswell as other analysesmethods, it establishes relations among indicators and defines weights, applies percentage method to set teenagers comprehensive physical fitness evaluation criterion, finally it gets every athlete evaluation system that provides theoretical support for teenagers improving aerobics.

Grey prediction model-based GM (1, 1) 100m performance prediction applied research

Abstract: Grey system theory is a kind of ideal method in processing small samples dynamic development problems, and 100m race speed problem has “poor data information”, “small samples” and “dynamics”, it lets grey system to have advantages over traditional probability statistics and fuzzy mathematics in its problem research, grey mathematics’ application in competitive sports performances prediction and analyses are more and more extensive. The paper applies documents literature, makes statistics of year1992~2012 every session Olympic Games’ 100m race best performances. Establish GM (1, 1) grey model on them. By using GM (1, 1) model, it predicts next session Olympic Games 100m best performances, and states GM (1, 1) model methods application in multiple events sports competition.

Peroxidase and polyphenol oxidase activities in healthy and viral infected sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.) leaves

Abstract: Sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.), a member of compositae family is the most important edible oilseed crop. Sunflower necrosis virus is one of the viral diseases in sunflower plants, The main symptoms of this disease chlorotic mosaic, leaf necrosis, stem necrosis, leaf distortion and plant death. In this study, plant enzymes, peroxidase, and polyphenol oxidase activities were assessed and chlorophyll content was measured in healthy and sunflower necrosis virus diseased plants. The peroxidase and polyphenol oxidase activitieswere enhanced, where as chlorophyll content was decreased in viral infected leaves than in healthy sunflower plants.