Showing papers in "Blumea in 1999"

A partial revision of the Hippomaneae (Euphorbiaceae) in Malesia

Abstract: The Hippomaneae (Euphorbiaceae) are revised for Malesia. Only Excoecaria and Homalanthus are excluded. A key to all Malesian genera is provided. The generic concepts applied differ markedly from previous treatments for the region with the following genera accepted: Balakata, Falconeria, Gymnanthes, Microstachys, Sapium, Shirakiopsis, Stillingia and Triadica. All of these genera show peculiarities in biogeography and ecology, which are discussed. Among these genera only Stillingia is kept as traditionally used. Balakata (based on Sapium sect. Pleurostachya) and Shirakiopsis (based on Sapium sect. Parasapium but excluding its type) are described as new genera; Falconeria, Microstachys and Triadica are re-established as distinct genera having been treated as Sapium sect. Falconeria, Sebastiania sect. Microstachys and Sapium sect. Triadica for a long time. Gymnanthes is cited for the first time in Malesia based on two former species of Sebastiania, and the African genus Duvigneaudia is united with it. Sapium and Sebastiania are no longer considered as indigenous to Malesia, with Sapium (= Sapium sect. Americana) formerly being cultivated. Altogether 13 species are accepted in the present revision. No new species are described, but only two of the well-known names are accepted as previously used (Sapium glandulosum, Stillingia lineata subsp. pacifica). Numerous new combinations are proposed in the present revision: Balakata baccata, Balakata luzonica, Gymnanthes borneensis, Gymnanthes inopinata, Gymnanthes remota, Shirakiopsis indica, Shirakiopsis sanchezii, Shirakiopsis virgata. Several other, previously available but uncommon names are re-introduced, namely Falconeria insignis, Microstachys chamaelea, Triadica cochinchinensis (the correct name for the former Sapium discolor), and Triadica sebifera. Finally, two new synonyms are proposed by uniting Sebastiania lancifolia with Gymnanthes borneensis, and Sapium plumerioides with Stillingia lineata subsp. pacifica. Lectotypes are selected for eight names.

A taxonomic, phylogenetic and biogeographic study of the genus Acanthophora (Rhodomelaceae, Rhodophyta)

Abstract: A cladistic analysis, based on a taxonomic revision is carried out for 7 Acanthophora species using 19 characters. Hypotheses on species affinities are based primarily on morphological characters. Because most species show only few distinctive characters, emphasis was placed on features of spine development, either in relation to vegetative or to reproductive structures. Global distribution of 7 Acanthophora species: viz. A. aokii, A. dendroides, A. muscoides, A. nayadiformis, A. pacifica, A. ramulosa, and A. spicifera, shows a discontinuous pattern. Although widely distributed species are present (A. muscoides and A. spicifera), a disjunct distribution of other species occurs in the Pacific (A. aokii), Indian Ocean (A. dendroides), East-Atlantic region (A. ramulosa), and the Mediterranean and Red Sea (A. nayadiformis). Information on the historical background of the species distribution can be inferred from the obtained phylogenetic tree.

Revision and Phylogeny of subtribes Chrozophorinae and Doryxylinae (Euphorbiaceae) in Malesia and Thailand

Abstract: A phylogeny of the complete tribe Chrozophoreae is presented in order to establish the possible monophyly and relationships in subtribes Chrozophorinae (Chrozophora) and Doryxylinae ( Doryxylon, Melanolepis, Sumbaviopsis, Thyrsanthera). Added are the other subtribes in tribe Chrozophoreae, the Speranskiinae (Speranskia) and Ditaxinae ( Argythamnia, Caperonia, Chiropetalum, Ditaxis, Philyra). Outgroups are the genera Agrostistachys and Chondrostylis (tribe Agrostistachydeae). The phylogeny shows two monophyletic groups, subtribe Speranskiinae together with Ditaxinae, and subtribe Chrozophorinae with Doryxylinae. The latter group is statistically well supported by a high bootstrap value. The first group is weakly supported and collapses easily when the characters are selected somewhat differently. The former subtribes Chrozophorinae and Doryxylinae are united into one subtribe, Chrozophorinae. The remaining taxa in tribe Chrozophoreae, the monogeneric subtribe Speranskiinae and subtribe Ditaxinae are united into subtribe Ditaxinae. Within subtribe Chrozophorinae s.l. Chrozophora is sister taxon to all other taxa, followed by Thyrsanthera and Melanolepis. Doryxylon and Sumbaviopsis were apparently the last to separate. The differences between all, mainly monotypic, genera are quite large, therefore, the present delimitation is favoured over a suggested union of Doryxylon and Sumbaviopsis.

New synonyms and combinations in Asiatic Ardisia (Myrsinaceae)

Abstract: Studies on the genus Ardisia Sw. for Flora Malesiana have led to the reduction of 95 taxa to synonymy, seven species to the infraspecific level: A. demissa Miq. var. bambusetorum (King & Gamble) C.M. Hu, A. polysticta Miq. subsp. punctipelata (Merr.) C.M. Hu, A. ternatensis Scheff. var. forstenii (Scheff.) C.M. Hu, A. darlingii Merr. subsp. podadenia (Stone) C.M. Hu, A. imperialis K. Schum. var. novoguineensis (Mez) C.M. Hu, A. pubicalyx Miq. var. collinsae (Fletcher)C.M. Hu, A. tahanica King & Gamble subsp. eucalyptifolia (Stone) C.M. Hu, and two new combinations are made: A. forbesii S. Moore var. cataractorum (Stone) C.M. Hu, A. fulva King & Gamble var. multiflora (Stone) C.M. Hu.

Revision of the genera Aleurites, Reutealis and Vernicia (Euphorbiaceae)

Abstract: The three closely related genera Aleurites J. R. Forst. & G. Forst., Reutealis Airy Shaw and Vernicia Lour., together constituting the subtribe Aleuritinae of the tribe Aleuritideae (Euphorbiaceae subfamily Crotonoideae), are revised. Originally included in Aleurites, Reutealis and Vernicia are considered generically distinct on account of differences in the indumentum, leaf base, inflorescences, number of stamens and fruit type. This distinction has also been confirmed by a recent phylogenetic analysis. Aleurites (2 species) differs from Reutealis and Vernicia by the more numerous stamens arranged in 4 rather than in 2 whorls, and the indehiscent fruits. The monotypic genus Reutealis can easily be distinguished from Aleurites and Vernicia by its five-angular or five-ribbed rather than terete twigs, the presence of rather persistent, hooded bracts, and spatulately flattened rather than terete stigmas. Vernicia (3 species) differs from the other two genera by its large and showy flowers arranged in corymbiform rather than in pyramidal thyrses and the lack of stellate hairs. Moreover, in Vernicia lobed leaves show conspicuous glands at the nadir of each sinus while in Aleurites these glands are absent (leaves of Reutealis are never lobed).

Revision of Homalomena (Araceae-Homalomeneae) in New Guinea, the Bismarck Archipelago and Solomon Islands

Abstract: The genus Homalomena Schott is revised for New Guinea, the Bismarck Archipelago and Solomon Islands. 19 species are recognised, of which 10 are new to science. Three are rheophytes. Homalomena novoguineensis Engl., H. klossii Ridl., H. ledermannii Engl. & K. Krause, H. moskowskii Engl. & K. Krause and H. carrii Furtado are reduced to the synonymy of H. schlechteri Engl. Homalomena apiculata Ridl., H. engleri Bogner and Diandriella novoguineensis Engl. are reduced to the synonymy of H. stollei Engl. & K. Krause. Homalomena versteegii Engl. and H. lilacina Alderw. are synonyms of H. lauterbachii Engl. and H. inaequalis Ridl. is a synonym of H. distans Ridl. The cultivated Homalomena lindenii (Rodigas) Ridl., allegedly from Papuasia, could not be matched with any species in the area under study and is left as a species dubia. Medicinal and ritual uses, including alleged psychoactive properties, are noted.

The genera Cynanchum and Vincetoxicum (Apocynaceae-Asclepiadoideae) in Malesia

Abstract: The genera Cynanchum and Vincetoxicum are revised for the Flora Malesiana area. For Cynanchum, nine species are recognized and one new subspecies is described. For Vincetoxicum, only one species, the widespread V. carnosum, occurs in the area. Five published species of Cynanchum have to remain obscure, because the types most likely got destroyed in Berlin.

Revision of Drymophloeus (Areceacea: Arecoideae)

Abstract: A revision of the genus Drymophloeus (Arecaceae: Arecoideae: Ptychospermatinae) recognizes seven species, distributed from the Maluku Islands of Indonesia to Western Samoa. The history of the genus is reviewed. A key, species descriptions, a complete list of synonymy, a list of specimens examined, illustrations and distribution maps are provided. A phylogenetic hypothesis is provided, as well as a discussion of biogeography. The new combination Drymophloeus hentyi is made to accommodate a species formerly included in the genus Ptychosperma.

Numerical analysis of Thai members of the Eugenia-Syzygium group (Myrtaceae)

Abstract: Four different analyses of Thai Syzygium show, with very small discrepancies, that one smaller monophyletic and one larger polyphyletic group can be recognised. The smaller monophyletic group warrants sectional rank as Syzygium section Jambosa and consists of S. anacardiifolium, S. aqueum, S. diospyrifolium, S. formosum, S. foxworthianum, S. jambos, S. lakshanakarae, S. malaccense, S. megacarpum, S. papillosum, S. pseudoformosum, S. pycnanthum, S. samarangense, S. scortechinii and S. siamense.

Revision of coelogyne section speciosae (orchidaceae)

Abstract: Section Speciosae Pfitzer & Kraenzl. of the genus Coelogyne Lindl. is revised. Sixteen species are recognized, including one new ( C. tommii) and one dubious species ( (C. dichroantha). Three former varieties are raised to subspecies level ( C. speciosa subsp. speciosa, subsp. incarnata and subsp. fimbriata). Two species formerly included in sect. Speciosae by several authors are excluded (C. eberhardtii and C. lawrenceana).

The genus Faradaya (Labiatae)

Abstract: A revision of the genus Faradaya F. Muell. (Labiatae) is presented with taxonomic history, keys, full descriptions, distribution maps and ecological and ethnobotanical notes. Only three species are recognised: F. amicorum (Seem.) Seem., F. lehuntei (Home ex Baker) A.C. Sm. and F. splendida F. Muell.; fifteen names are put into synonymy for the first time.

Robert+Brown on Rafflesia

Abstract: Although not the first publication validating the generic name Rafflesia, Robert Brown’s first classic paper on Rafflesia arnoldii was issued as a preprint in April 1821, antedating the publication of the possibly threatening name, R. titan Jack; Brown’s second paper on the genus was also first distributed as a preprint, in September 1844. New names first published in these papers are listed and remarks on the typification of Malesian species (two lectotypifications proposed) added. Rafflesia horsfieldii is apparently conspecific with R. patma, which, if proved, should prompt a move for the conservation of the later name R. patma. Precise datings for certain parts of the Proceedings and Transactions of the Linnean Society are presented and, as a result, it is necessary to propose a new combination, Thottea piperiformis (Griff.) Mabb. (Aristolochiaceae).

Revision of the genus Cleistanthus (Euphorbiaceae) in the Philippines

Abstract: The Philippine species of the euphorbiaceous genus Cleistanthus are revised. Sixteen species are recognised for this archipelago of which two are recorded from there for the first time. The oldest available combination from the Philippines [C. orgyalis (Blanco) Merr.] remains obscure and three collections from Palawan are tentatively treated as a separate taxon (C. spec. A). Three species are illustrated here and distribution maps for the Philippines are given for all species.

The Malesian species of Choriceras, Fontainea, and Petalostigma (Euphorbiaceae)

Abstract: Choriceras is represented by a single species in southern New Guinea (C. tricorne), as is Petalostigma (P. pubescens). The two species also occur in northern Australia. Fontainea comprises two endemic species in New Guinea ( F. borealis and F. subpapuana).

The Malesian species of Melanolepis (Euphorbiaceae)

Abstract: The Southeast Asian genus Melanolepis comprises two species, the very variable and widespread M. multiglandulosa (Reinw. ex Blume) Rchb. f. & Zoll. (from Taiwan and the Ryukyu Islands throughout Malesia up to Papua New Guinea and the Bismarck Archipelago) and M. vitifolia (Kuntze) Gagnep., endemic in Cambodia. The two species differ in dentation, incision, and hairiness of the leaves.

Notes on Malesian Fabaceae (Leguminosae-Papilionoideae) 5. The genus Sarcodum

Abstract: A new species of Sarcodum, S. bicolor Adema, from Sumba is described. A key to the two species of the genus is given.

A new variety of Arisaema ciliatum (Araceae)

Abstract: In September 1981, seeds of Arisaema were harvested by Carla Teune, Hortus Botanicus Leiden, near Liuba, area of Mt Minya Konka (Gonga Shan), Szechuan (Sichuan) Province, China, at 3600 m altitude. During the trip, with Roy Lancaster and others, no pressed herbarium specimen was collected. Michael Hoog, who runned a well known Dutch Nursery, was given five lots of seed numbered CT 368 to CT 372, all provisionally labeled A. consanguineum Schott. All numbers were collected the same day along the same path. After the seedlings flowered, it appeared there was no reason to keep them separate; they were merged and distributed in the trade as Arisaema CT 369 (Antoine Hoog, 1998, private communication). The following Latin description of A. ciliatum H. Li var. liubaense var. nov. corresponds to specimens widespread in culture as Arisaema CT 369. As well known, the name of A. ciliatum H. Li refers to the presence of some cilia along the mouth of the spathe-tube (Fig. 1). The spadix is apically softly spiny and a few neuters are in general present at the base of the appendage. The colour of the spathe is described by Li as “purple with light green conspicuous stripes” (Wu & Li, 1979), but in the wild the prevailing colour of the spathe varies from red to green and, moreover, the species showed itself later to be stoloniferous. Arisaema CT 369 also shares this character with A. ciliatum and not with A. consanguineutn (which does not develop stolons). The link made previously between Arisaema CT 369 and A. consanguineutn has to be discarded. Arisaema CT 369 falls into the range of A. ciliatum. Nevertheless, Arisaema CT 369 is easily differentiated from the typical A. ciliatum as some reliable differences are visible in the spathe. The main difference is found along the margin of the tube mouth: in Arisaema CT 369, the cilia of the typical species are lacking along the margin of the tube mouth even if this margin is not perfectly smooth, the spadix-appendix is more exserted from the tube and its extremity is not spiny (Fig. 2,3). As opposed to the typical species, one can add that the colour of the spathe is invariably purple with greenish white longitudinal stripes. Up to now, no seedlings with a greenish spathe have been observed. These characters are stable and Carla Teune’s specimens come true from seed.

Digitaria effusa (Gramineae), a new species from Vietnam

Abstract: During an agrostological survey in the Lam Dong Province, Vietnam, Mr. J.B. Hacker (St. Lucia, Queensland, Australia) collected a remarkable undescribed species of Digitaria. Among the Asian taxa it is peculiar because of its montane provenance coupled with a combination of an inflorescence with well-developed common axis with alternate racemes, the presence of a small lower glume, and the absence of any indument on the spikelet. Somewhat similar is D. wallichiana (Steud.) Stapf, also a montane species occurring with one subspecies in Sri Lanka and Madras, and another in Java and Bali. It differs by the whorled lowermost branches of the inflorescence, the absent lower glume, and a longer upper glume (1.6-2 mm long, 0.8-0.95 times as long as the spikelet), and a usually presence of an indument on the spikelet. The spikelets are surprisingly similar to those of the rare Vietnamese species Panicum amoenum Balansa and P. smithii M.M. Rahman, but these have a much larger habit with larger inflorescences, long-pedicelled spikelets, large and nerved lower glumes, and an indurated fertile lemma in fruit. Hacker’s specimens do not have mature fruits, but the paired spikelets with short and somewhat longer pedicels are typical for binate Digitaria species and not for a Panicum.

Towards a revision of Agalmyla (Gesneriaceae)

Abstract: A brief summary of the present taxonomic position in Agalmyla Blume (Gesneriaceae) is given. Six new species are described, A. bicolor, A. exannulata and A. remotidentata from Sulawesi, A. macrocalyx from Borneo (Sarawak), A. samarica from the Philippines (Samar) and A. manuselae from the Moluccas (Seram). The plant long known as Dichrotrichum ternateum de Vriese is transferred to Agalmyla, under its oldest epithet, as A. elongata (Blume) B.L. Burtt, and two other early names of species from New Guinea are also transferred as A. chalmersii (F. Muell.) B.L. Burtt and A. triflora (Valeton) B.L. Burtt.

Revision of Rauvolfia (Apocynaceae) in Malesia

Abstract: The genus Rauvolfia L. is revised in the Malesian region. Nine species are recognised including two new species, Rauvolfia kamarora Hendrian and R. oligantha Hendrian.

Calanthe section Rhodochilus (Orchidaceae) from New Guinea, the Solomon Islands and the Moluccas

Abstract: Two sections in the genus Calanthe, sect. Caulodes and sect. Rhodochilus are combined. Six names are reduced to synonymy.