Showing papers in "Bonfring International Journal of Industrial Engineering and Management Science in 2012"
TL;DR: In this paper, an investigation has been performed to examine the behavior of various alternative 3D models using ETABS software for reinforced concrete structure with and without outriggers by varying the relative flexural rigidity from 0.25 to 2.0.
Abstract: In the present paper an investigation has been performed to examine the behavior of various alternative 3D models using ETABS software for reinforced concrete structure with central core wall with outrigger and without outrigger by varying the relative flexural rigidity from 0.25 to 2.0 with step of 0.25. Also the position of outrigger has been varied along the height of the building by considering a parameter relative height of outrigger from 0.975 to 0.4. The parameters discussed in this paper include variation of bending moments, shear force, lateral deflection, peak acceleration of the core; inter-storey drifts for static and dynamic analysis for a 3-dimensional model for various values of relative rigidity and relative height. From the analysis of the results obtained it has been found that performance of the outrigger is most efficient for relative height of the outrigger equal to 0.5.
41 citations
TL;DR: In this article, the authors used different morphometric parameters to understand the drainage characteristics in Aiyar and Karai-Pottanar basin, Tamil Nadu and classified the study area into four sub-watersheds.
Abstract: The morphometric analysis for the present study area helps to understand the relation and variation of major sub-watersheds in Aiyar and Karai-Pottanar basin, Tamil Nadu. The study area is classified into four sub- watersheds, namely SWS-I, SWS-II, SWS-III, SWS-IV. Different morphometric parameters were used to understand the drainage characteristics. Shuttle Radar Topographic Mission (SRTM), data were used to prepare the Digital Elevation Model (DEM), Aspect grid, Drainage network and Slope maps in ArcGIS platform. The stream order in the sub- watersheds ranges from fifth to seventh order. The drainage pattern in the study area exhibits dendritic to sub-dendritic pattern. The mean bifurcation ratio varies between 3.03 to 4.39 and falls under normal basin category. High bifurcation ratio determines that the region is subjected to strong structural control on the drainage. Drainage density shows coarse drainage and texture shows fine drainage texture. The elongation ratio varies between 0.65 to 0.89, in which SWS-II shows oval shape and rest other shows elongation pattern. Hence from the present study, the geospatial techniques play a vital role in understanding and evaluating the basin characteristics.
38 citations
Journal Article•
TL;DR: In this article, an automated extraction tool was developed through the model builder technique in ArcGIS environment to delineate the basin morphometry using SRTM data, and a pour point shapefile.
Abstract: An automated extraction tool was developed through the model builder technique in ArcGIS environment to delineate the basin morphometry. The basic requirements to run this tool are a SRTM data, and a pour point shapefile. The developed model will create necessary data required for morphometric analysis after the processing of the input data. The output from this model will create a number of parameters such as, stream network (Strahler's), aspect, slope, DEM, drainage density, hill shade, and basin boundary in meter square. Before proceeding with the model, there is an option to the user to select the minimum upstream area to which a stream should be counted. This option helps the users to select the range of stream delineation. The slope generated will be in degrees and the drainage density in Sq.km. This technique is very useful for those who work in the field of terrain analysis, hydrology, and watershed analysis as it is easy to use with a single click for the generation of a reliable database for morphometric analysis.
38 citations
TL;DR: In this article, a laboratory experiment on fiber reinforced concrete (FRC), cube and cylinders specimens have been designed with steel fiber reinforcement concrete (SFRC) containing fibers of 0% and 0.5% volume fraction of hook end Steel fibers of 53.85, 50 aspect ratio and alkali resistant glass fibers containing 0% by weight of cement of 12mm cut length were used without admixture.
Abstract: Concrete is most widely used construction material in the world. Fiber reinforced concrete (FRC) is a concrete in which small and discontinuous fibers are dispersed uniformly. The fibers used in FRC may be of different materials like steel, G.I., carbon, glass, aramid, asbestos, polypropylene, jute etc. The addition of these fibers into concrete mass can dramatically increase the compressive strength, tensile strength, flexural strength and impact strength of concrete. FRC has found many applications in civil engineering field. Based on the laboratory experiment on fiber reinforced concrete (FRC), cube and cylinders specimens have been designed with steel fiber reinforced concrete (SFRC) containing fibers of 0% and 0.5% volume fraction of hook end Steel fibers of 53.85, 50 aspect ratio and alkali resistant glass fibers containing 0% and 0.25% by weight of cement of 12mm cut length were used without admixture. Comparing the result of FRC with plain M20 grade concrete, this paper validated the positive effect of different fibers with percentage increase in compression and splitting improvement of specimen at 7 and 28 days, analyzed the sensitivity of addition of fibers to concrete with different strength.
36 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, a modified ratio estimator is proposed for estimation of population mean using the quartiles and its functions of the auxiliary variable. But, the proposed method is not suitable for the estimation of the entire population.
Abstract: The present paper deals with some new modified ratio estimators for estimation of population mean using the quartiles and its functions of the auxiliary variable. The bias and the mean squared error of the proposed estimators are obtained and are compared with some of the existing modified ratio estimators. As a result, we have observed that the proposed modified ratio estimators perform better than the existing modified ratio estimators. These are explained with the help of numerical examples. value of the population quartiles and their functions of the auxiliary variable to improve the ratio estimators. Further we know that the value of quartiles and their functions are unaffected and robustness by the extreme values or the presence of outliers in the population values unlike the other parameters like the mean, coefficient of variation, coefficient of skewness and coefficient of kurtosis etc. These points discussed above have motivated us to introduce a modified ratio estimator using the known value of the population quartiles and their functions of the auxiliary variable. There are three quartiles called, first quartile, second quartile and third quartile. The second quartile is equal to the median. The first quartile is also called lower quartile and is denoted by . The third quartile is also called upper quartile and is denoted by . The lower quartile is a point which has 25% observations less than it and 75% observations are above it. The upper quartile is a point with 75% observations less than it and 25% observations are above it. The inter-quartile range is another range used as a measure of the spread. The difference between upper and lower quartiles , which is called the inter-quartile range, also indicates the dispersion of a data set. The inter-quartile range spans 50% of a data set, and eliminates the influence of outliers because, in effect, the highest and lowest quarters are removed. The formula for inter-quartile range is:
17 citations
TL;DR: In this article, the authors used Crumb Rubber Powder (CRP) which is made from scrap and old tires is used as an additive to improve problem clay and study the effect of CRP on strength of problem clay after stabilization.
Abstract: Mangalore tiles are a type of tiles native to the city of Mangalore, India. These are widely used as a roofing material throughout India, especially in coastal regions to drain off the rain water. But in recent times the tile industries have been facing problems due to non availability of good clay. The available clay for the manufacture of tile is lacking in desirable properties. The properties of the available clay have to be improved by some methods. It is proposed to use Crumb Rubber Powder (CRP) which is made from scrap and old tires is used as an additive to improve problem clay and study the effect of CRP on strength of problem clay after stabilization. The main objective of the investigation is to evaluate optimum CRP for stabilization of the clay from the view point of plasticity and strength characteristics. This paper reports the findings of experimental studies with regard to geotechnical properties (particle size, specific gravity, compaction characteristics, and unconfined compression strength (UCS) of both problem clay and stabilized clay, and to evaluate their suitability in tile industry. Also an investigation was carried out to study the effect of cement and lime on CRP stabilized clay. The investigation revealed that CRP altered the engineering properties of problem clay and 5% CRP has been chosen as the optimum CRP to get desired properties. The unconfined compressive strength was increased when the optimum mix (problem clay+5% of CRP) was blended with cement and lime
16 citations
TL;DR: In this article, the significance of understanding the notion of mixed land use to achieve social sustainability was studied in the context of mixed and segregated landuse areas. And the study was further extended in six neighbourhoods with varying mix of residential, mix, commercial and other (open area/garden/institutional) land use for the city Nagpur, India.
Abstract: Social sustainability focuses on the type of development that promotes social interaction and inclusion. It gives emphasis to inclusive community, social cohesions, quality of life, social equity and diversity. Segregated landuse has single land use and creates social impacts like social inequalities, exclusion, increased crime rate and physical and psychological problems. Mixed landuse development has multiple compatible land uses like residential, commercial, leisure, etc. within a closed proximity. These diverse uses tend to encourages walking thus enhancing visual and verbal interaction. This paper studies the significance of understanding the notion of mixed land use to achieve social sustainability. Various social parameters like accessibility, diversity, vitality, community cohesion, natural surveillance, safety, quality of life, sense of belonging and (anti)social behaviour has been studied in the context of mixed and segregated landuse areas. Supporting the literature review the study is further extended in six neighbourhoods with varying mix of residential, mix, commercial and other (open area/garden/institutional) land use for the city Nagpur, India. Accessibility, availability and quality of the amenities in the closed proximity and the age of the neighbourhood are the major decisive parameter that affects the social sustainability.
15 citations
TL;DR: In this article, the authors have discussed experimental work and finite element analysis to investigate the mechanism of chip formation during machining of Elastomer, they have concluded that the morphology of rubber chips can be categorized into continuous ribbon-like chips with a smooth machined surface, segmented chips with rough machined surfaces, and discontinuous chips with an even worse surface finish.
Abstract: Computer simulation of metal cutting processes using the Finite Element Analysis (FEA) method are routinely practiced in today's industry. It is known from the theory of metal cutting that an examination of machined chips provides the cheapest and the most effective way of understanding the machining characteristics of a material. This paper discusses experimental work and finite element analysis to investigate the mechanism of chip formation during machining of Elastomer. Focus of this study is on understanding the influence of different cutting parameters on chip formation mechanism. From the experimental tests, it has been concluded that the morphology of rubber chips can be categorized into continuous ribbon-like chips with a smooth machined surface, segmented chips with a rough machined surface, and discontinuous chips with an even worse surface finish. Continuous ribbon-like chips are associated with a smooth surface finish, which occurs with large rake angle tools. Further from Finite Element Analysis it was observed that at lower rake angle, discontinuous chips are formed and Continuous ribbon-like chip occurs with large rake angle.
14 citations
Journal Article•
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors report the environmental pressures resulted from the extraction of building and filling materials from the Muvattupuzha river basin located in the outskirt of one of the fast developing urban-cum-industrial centres in Kerala -the Kochi city.
Abstract: ISSN 2277 5056 | © 2012 Bonfring Abstract--Expanding human requirements and economic developments impose immense pressure on our resource base and environmental setting. The situation is rather alarming in Kerala, a coastal state with low percapita land and resource availability. Lack of adequate studies on the resource extraction and its impact on environment is a major setback in proper planning and developments in the area. Here we report the environmental pressures resulted from the extraction of building and filling materials from the Muvattupuzha river basin located in the outskirt of one of the fast developing urban-cum-industrial centres in Kerala – the Kochi city. The midland and lowland areas of the basin close to Kochi city are dotted with 667 quarries (Hard rock 374; Laterite 111; Soil 182) and 298 sand mining (Instream 181; Floodplain 117) locations. The unscientific extraction and transportation of these resources impose severe adverse impacts on various environmental components of the region. The study warrants the imminent need for regulating the mining and quarrying activities, in addition to mitigation measures for reviving the natural environmental setting of the river basin environment.
11 citations
TL;DR: In this article, the authors reported stress analysis of infinite isotropic plate with a cylindrical circular hole and oblique hole, and the results were in good agreement with experimental values, thus providing a means of analysing more effectively realistic Gas turbine blades.
Abstract: The author reported stress analysis of infinite isotropic plate with a cylindrical circular hole and oblique hole. The present work deals with infinite isotropic plate under uniform tensile load. Three components of different material with different obliquity angle were used for analysis. These components having holes circular & oblique at angles 0, 30 and 60 degree are considered for study. The long twisted blades of gas turbine blade will be treated as infinite plate with oblique holes/cooling holes constituting a geometrically complex, three- dimensional body that is subjected to the action of systems centrifugal force. Stress concentration and stress field around oblique holes is a major challenge area in design of aerofoil in aerospace applications for safety because of their highly specialized applications in aerospace field under severe operating conditions. In design, Stress Concentration Factor (SCF) can be used as multiplication factor, and using that maximum stress can be predicted, thus it shows the stress field around local region. The experimental methods used are photo elastic and strain gauge techniques. When a infinite plate containing a cylindrical oblique hole is subjected to remotely applied uniform tensile load, the circumferential stresses along the boundary of the hole are produced which have been successfully used to predict stresses around holes. The resulting Stress Concentration Factor (SCF) obtained by Finite Element (FE) analysis are compared with experimentally obtained values. The results of FEA technique are in good agreement with experimental values, thus providing a means of analysing more effectively realistic Gas turbine blades. For analysis FEA software MSC/PATRAN, MSC/ NASTRAN-NX v7.0 has been used.
10 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, the main challenge posed by the metal foam is that obtaining homogeneous porosity, and some methods have been adopted and attempts have been made to produce metal foams at lower cost.
Abstract: Methods for producing metal foams are many, but obtaining repeatability in the properties is very difficult. The main challenge posed by the metal foam is that obtaining homogeneous porosity. Although lot of problems involved in the development of metal foams, research people are attracted to the metal foams because of its attractive properties like acoustic damping, bomb mitigation, light weight etc. By considering the development of Aluminum foams as important aspect, some methods have been adopted and attempts have been made to produce metal foams at lower cost. The methods developed for the Aluminum foams were Aluminum foam production using NaCl crystal as a place holder in the Al melt, Aluminum foam production using NaCl crystal as a place holder in sand salt mold, Aluminum foam production using NaCl crystal as a place holder by simultaneous pouring concept.The problems associated in each process and its effect on the density and porosity of the foam were discussed.
TL;DR: In this article, the authors have made an attempt to assess the seismic performance of the soft storey reinforced concrete building by shake table test and have shown that such buildings with open ground storey are extremely vulnerable under earthquake shaking.
Abstract: Open ground storey buildings have consistently shown poor performance during past earthquakes across the world. For example during 1999 Turkey, 1999 Taiwan and 2003 Algeria earthquakes, a significant number of them have collapsed. For instance, the city of Ahmedabad alone has about 25,000 five-storey buildings and about 1,500 eleven-storey buildings; majority of them have open ground storey. There are huge numbers of such buildings in urban areas of moderate to severe seismic zones of the country. The collapse of more than a hundred reinforced concrete frame buildings with in Ahmedabad (~225km away from epi-centre) during the 2001 Bhuj earthquake has emphasised that such buildings with open ground storey are extremely vulnerable under earthquake shaking. The presence of walls in upper storeys makes them much stiffer than the open ground storey. Still Multi storey reinforced concrete buildings are continuing to be built in India which has open ground storeys. These buildings are not designed as per the earthquake resistant design. It is imperative to know the behaviour of soft storey building to the seismic load for designing various retrofit strategies. Hence it is important to study and understand the response of such buildings and make such buildings earthquake resistant based on the study to prevent their collapse and to save the loss of life and property. Based on the above an attempt is made in this paper to assess the seismic performance of the soft storey reinforced concrete building by shake table test. EVASTATING earthquakes strike at a regular interval in various parts of India. About 60% of India's land area is reported to be under the threat of moderate to severe seismic hazard. Reinforced concrete frame buildings are built in India which has open ground storeys. Owing to the high cost of land and small sizes of plots, parking is often accommodated in the ground floor area of the building. Frame bays in the ground floor are not infilled with masonry walls, as it is done in the upper stories. These buildings are normally not designed as per the earthquake resistant design proposed in the BIS codes.
TL;DR: In this article, the authors reviewed work-life balance in general and aimed at bringing out the relationship between the demographical variables such as age, gender and the level of stress in balancing work and personal life of teaching professionals.
Abstract: Many institutions of higher learning in India are swiftly integrating the advanced technology, mostly Information and Communication Technology (ICT) into their teaching learning process. This changing paradigm is putting heavy pressure on teaching professionals and leading imbalance in their family life. As a result, the work life balance (WLB) is indispensable for teaching professionals to cope with the uncertain environment of teaching learning process. To address this issue, this paper reviews work-life balance in general and aims at bringing out the relationship between the demographical variables such as age, gender and the level of stress in balancing work and personal life of teaching professionals. This paper also tries to bring out the satisfaction level of teaching professionals in balancing the work and personal life. The results of the chi-square test illustrate that there is a close relationship between the demographical variables taken for the research and the level of stress in balancing work and personal life. It is divulged from this analysis that majorities (90%) of the respondents were not satisfied with their work life balance. In this fiercely competitive world, to be successful, it is momentous for any institutions to provide work-life balancing programs to their workforce to balance their work and personal life.
Journal Article•
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors analyzed the impact of sea water intrusion in the southern coast of Tamil Nadu, from Kanyakumari to Vembar, and concluded that most of the water samples are deteriorated due to beach placer mining activities.
Abstract: ISSN 2277 5056 | © 2012 Bonfring Abstract--The regions subjected to coastal environment generally face the impact of sea water intrusion, as most of the population is clustered towards coastal region. The present study helps to understand the impact of sea water intrusion in the southern coast of Tamil Nadu, from Kanyakumari to Vembar. For this study water samples have been collected from 80 dug well along the coastal tract. These samples are analysed for physico-chemical variation. Parameters such as pH and EC were measured in the field during sample collection using hand held multi parameter water quality kit. Other parameters such as TDS, HCO3, Total hardness, calcium, chloride, magnesium, sodium, potassium, and salinity were analyzed in the laboratory using standard methods (APHA, 1995). The measured values were plotted in GIS platform for the identification of saline zones in the study area. It is observed that the percentage of chloride and salinity are high, and the water quality map prepared using CCME WQI technique reveals that the water quality ranges from fair to poor. Finally it is concluded that most of the water samples are deteriorated due to beach placer mining activities in the study area.
TL;DR: In this article, a dry sliding wear test was conducted to examine the wear behavior of the Al2024 alloy and its composites, and the results revealed that wear rates of the composite is lower than that of the matrix alloy and friction coefficient was minimum when compared to monolithic alloy.
Abstract: -Metal Matrix Composites (MMCs) are emerging as the most versatile materials for advanced structural, automotive, aviation, aerospace, marine, defense applications and other related sectors because of their excellent combination of properties. In the present investigation, Al2024-Beryl composites were fabricated by liquid metallurgy route by varying Weight Percentage (wt. %) of reinforcement from 0 wt. % to 10 wt. % in steps of 2 wt. %. The dry sliding wear tests were conducted to examine the wear behavior of the Al2024 alloy and its composites. The sliding wear tests were conducted for various loads, speeds and sliding distances. The result reveals that wear rates of the composite is lower than that of the matrix alloy and friction coefficient was minimum when compared to monolithic alloy. The incorporation of beryl particles as reinforcement material in Al2024 alloy improves the tribological characteristics. Keywords--MMCs, Al2024, Wear Rate, Beryl, Pin-onDisc, Coefficient of Friction
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors studied the variation of strength of dual phase steel with the percentage of carbon content in the martensite phase and observed that the optimum values of strength were observed at 0.195 % of carbon.
Abstract: The objective of this investigation is to study the variation of strength of dual phase steel with the percentage of carbon content in the martensite phase. The study is conducted on samples of dual phase steel prepared by intercritical annealing process with temperature varying from 730 o C to 810 o C. In this process both coarse and fine ferrite- martensite structures are produced with volume fraction of martensite varying from 48 to 69%. It has been observed from the investigation that both yield strength and tensile strength increased with increasing carbon content in the martensite phase of dual phase steel up to 0.195% and then decreased. The optimum values of strength are observed at 0.195 % of carbon.
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors used a specially fabricated new concrete shear box to measure the relative values of yield stress and plastic viscosity of fresh concrete effectively as a static test, with low shear rate.
Abstract: The workability of fresh concrete should be characterized by its rheological properties based on material science approach to overcome the inadequacies of traditional empirical tests like slump test. Generally the rheological properties of fresh concrete are described by Bingham parameters in terms of two physical quantities, namely yield stress and plastic viscosity. Rheometers are used to find the two rheological parameters, which use high speed torque to shear the concrete and the stimulus provided during testing is dynamic. But, there is no concurrence in the measurement of rheological values by various rheometers. In this systematic study the Bingham parameters of normal concrete was found from using a specially fabricated new concrete shear box. The advantage of this test is the low shear rate applied on the specimen during testing which is similar to the condition the fresh concrete experiences in the field and the static condition of the test. The procedure is unique in that, after finding the peak shear stress, shear stress at zero normal stress and at zero displacement were found and finally finding the Bingham parameters. The water was varied from 160 to 190 l /m 3 and cement content from 300 to 450 kg/m 3 . Different displacement rates (5 to 25 mm/min) and normal stresses (0.015 to 0.035 N/mm 2 ) were used. Total number of tests considered was 324 and the mixes were prepared with and without Superplasticizer. The results show that the concrete shear box can be used as a new tool to measure the relative values of yield stress and plastic viscosity of fresh concrete effectively as a static test, with low shear rate. The values are higher but the trends are very similar to the studies using rheometers.
Journal Article•
TL;DR: In this paper, the Morphometric analysis is one of the significant GIS tool for check dam construction and prioritization of Micro Watershed even without soil map and land use/land cover map.
Abstract: Water is one of the essential natural resources of the whole world, the demand of water used by agriculture, industry, and human and cattle consumption is the increasing rapidly, particularly with the water resources and its consumption will be increasing with the increase in population. The Morphometric analysis is one of the significant GIS tool for Check dam construction and prioritization of Micro Watershed even without soil map and land use/land cover map. The morphometric parameters depends on the behavior of total drainage system and its refers to spatial relationship among streams or rivers. The parameters were obtained with the help of Arc GIS and MS Office. The results revealed that the Micro Watershed priorities are shows five categorizes very high, high, medium, low and very low priority, Seventeen suitable sites were identified for check dam construction in fourteen highly prioritized Micro Watershed.
TL;DR: In this article, the product yield and the relationship between surface chemistry and reaction behavior were investigated and it was observed that ethanol was a dominant product at the surface oxidized Cu electrodes suggesting that Cu (I) species play a critical role in selectivity towards C2 species.
Abstract: Carbon dioxide a common greenhouse gas is converted to value added products such as methane and ethane by electrochemical reduction at a surface oxidized copper electrode. The product yield and the relationships between the surface chemistry and reaction behavior were investigated. Ethane was observed as a dominant product at the surface oxidized Cu electrodes suggesting that Cu (I) species play a critical role in selectivity towards C2 species.
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors used Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA) to evaluate the relative efficiency of rural health care programs in the context of National Rural Health Mission (NRHM).
Abstract: India's achievements in the field of rural health care delivery have been less than satisfactory and that burden of diseases among the rural Indian population remains high. Recognizing the importance of rural health in the process of economic and social development and necessary architectural correction in the rural health care delivery system to improve the quality of life of the citizens, the government of India has resolved to launch the National Rural Health Mission (NRHM). Indian rural health policies and programs do not address significantly to improve the health status to the desired level due to lack of efficient evaluation system. This study uses Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA) to evaluate relative efficiency of rural health care programs. A typical statistical approach is characterized has a central tendency approach and it evaluates producers relative to an average producer. DEA is commonly used to evaluate the efficiency of a number of producers. In contrast, DEA compares each producer with only the "best" producers. The technique optimizes the relative efficiency ratio of current inputs over current outputs for each decision-making unit (DMU). The multiple inputs and outputs of heterogeneous rural health programs would be assessed simultaneously and helps to identify whether the programs are performing efficiently or inefficiently when compared to the other existing programs. In this paper, we have focused on the evaluation of programs with particular reference to Chikmagalur District, Karnataka, India.
TL;DR: In this article, the dynamic response of a base isolated multi-storey plane frame structure with multiple tuned mass dampers (MTMD) subjected to harmonic ground excitation and Mexico earthquake excitations are studied.
Abstract: Dynamic response of a base isolated multi- storey plane frame structure with Multiple Tuned Mass Dampers (MTMD) subjected to harmonic ground excitation and Mexico earthquake excitations are studied. A four-storey plane frame structure having three degrees of freedom (two translations along x, y -axes and one rotation about z- axis) at each node, with MTMD on its base is considered for study. Comparison of response is made in terms of displacements and forces in order to investigate the effectiveness of the MTMD. The response of base isolated structure with MTMD is found to be less in comparison to the corresponding response without MTMD, implying that the MTMD is effective in reducing forces and displacements of the base isolated structure.
TL;DR: The comparative study on removal of toLUene by batch reactor using different fungal culture helps to minimize the toluene gas in the atmosphere by investigated by various parameters such as effect of differentFungal culture with its characterization and effect of concentration.
Abstract: The increasing rate of polluted gases in the atmosphere raises some of the major environmental and human health related problems that was recently suspected; hence the comparative study on removal of toluene by batch reactor using different fungal culture helps to minimize the toluene gas in the atmosphere The comparative study on toluene removal was investigated by various parameters such as effect of different fungal culture with its characterization and effect of concentration After startup the batch reactor was kept in a shaker with 150 rpm for five days with the synthetic effluent, prepared with Toluene concentration of about 1% was used for the entire study The treated effluent was analyzed by GC - FID for Toluene degradation and was found to be 75% (the environmental conditions were maintained by pH 7 and 30°C) by Penicillium sp greater than the Aspergillus niger and Trichoderma viride A single cycle of two weeks provided degradation rate of about 92% This provides further scope for experimentation which will be useful in developing the continuous removal of toluene by successive batch reactor or continues reactor
TL;DR: In this article, mixed bacterial strains named as AGR/IICT/1- 5B were isolated from the active sludge of ETP of a polymerization industry and used for the abatement of TEA in bio filters.
Abstract: Mixed bacterial strains named as AGR/IICT/1- 5B was isolated from the active sludge of ETP of a polymerization industry. Strains AGR/IICT/1-5B was primarily identified as 3 gram positive and 2 gram negative bacteria. These strains were used for the abatement of TEA in bio filters. Experiments were conducted on biofilter having the working volume of 1.2 L. Microorganism was immobilized on mixture of wood chips and rice husk (1:1 v/v) which is used as the filter medium. The biofilter was operated at the following conditions; Temperature 30±1°C, pH values in the range of 7.0 -7.6, Loading rate at 1-144 g m -3 h -1 , EBRT at 20-40 s, moisture content at 50-59%. Removal efficiency in the range of 90-95% was obtained during the study.
TL;DR: The three-storied residential building of Samar Banerjee in Kolkata designed by the author is one example of modern architecture that respects all and merges with the old existing urban setting though being distinct about self as discussed by the authors.
Abstract: The major cities of India are going through huge metamorphosis under the impact of globalization, population increment, housing demand and tremendous financial investment in building industry. Rapid development of high-rise and four-five storied residential buildings are observed at every possible part of the city. In designing the city so, residential buildings are being built in quite standardized forms. Consideration for local climate, environment, urban context and overall harmony in many designs are missing. With technological advancements and new materials introduced for construction of architecture, it has become a complex system than of previous definitions about it. Now, especially commercial and public buildings take unusual forms in non-conventional materials and most of the buildings are designed as to be centrally air-conditioned consuming huge energy. On the contrary, there is worldly concern about global warming and climate change and environmental impact of buildings and environmental pollution and a quest for appropriate development that would be sustainable. To address that, on the one hand, an architect should follow the much-forgotten classical design approach based on nature, context, function, beauty and harmony and on the other hand, his architectural answer should be climate responsive, energy saving and sustainable. The three-storied residential building of Mr. Samar Banerjee in Kolkata designed by the author is one example of modern architecture that respects all and merges with the old existing urban setting though being distinct about self.
TL;DR: In this paper, the non-linear response of the soil is included in the analysis through multilinear isotropic (MISO) model and the parameters used in the parametric study are relative stiffness factors krs and ksb which are the function of the modulus of the ground soil and the structural properties of the structural elements.
Abstract: Structural analysis is one of the most important aspects in structural design, since it gives an idea about the performance of the structure under load. Right from the beginning when the process of development started in the field of soil-structure interaction, an attempt has been made to bring sophistication in the theoretical methods of analysis. In the conventional analysis the stress-strain response of the soil is not considered. The equilibrium equations are satisfied but the compatibility is not considered. But in reality the soil, the foundation and the frame act together as a single compatible unit. The non-linear response of soil is considered for this analysis. The non-linear response of the soil is included in the analysis through multi linear isotropic (MISO) model and the parameters used in the parametric study are relative stiffness factors krs and ksb which are the function of the modulus of the soil, modulus of frame raft materials and geometric properties of the structural elements.
TL;DR: In this article, the importance of sustainable development of the coastal zone by specifying challenges, the inadequacy of existing measures and suggests a DPSIR framework for improved coastal zone management, a methodology for computing an index has been developed to monitor the sustainability of the region based on Factor analysis.
Abstract: Presently 21% of the world population lives within 30 kms of the coastal areas. Coastal zones are therefore of great importance as zones of settlement and play a vital role in the economic well-being of many nations. Indian mainland has a coastline of about 7517km ,with major economic activities and population (due to Migration or otherwise) concentrated in this area. This has resulted in enhanced demand for scarce resources threatening the physical and ecological balance of this entire region. This is mostly due to non-incorporation of inputs from the bottom stakeholders during the planning process and the absence of a holistic treatment in coastal zone management plan preparation. This mismanagement along with the change in climate has resulted in increasing vulnerability, which conspicuously demands a fresh approach towards management of coastal areas. This paper briefly describes the importance of sustainable development of the coastal zone by specifying challenges, the inadequacy of existing measures and suggests a DPSIR framework for improved coastal zone management. Also, a methodology for computing an index has been developed to monitor the sustainability of the region based on Factor analysis.
TL;DR: In this paper, a two-dimensional Elastic-plastic finite element model to simulate the cold rolling of a thin strip with different roll angular velocity and roll diameter models is described.
Abstract: A FEM simulation study was carried out to investigate the influence of the rolling parameters on the rolling process. Using commercial FEM software, ABAQUS, a number of cases were studied. In this paper, a two- dimensional Elastic-plastic finite element model to simulate the cold rolling of thick strip with different roll angular velocity and roll diameter models is described. The angular velocity of the rigid rolls ranged from 30 to 480 revolutions per minute (r.p.m.) and the rigid roll diameter ranged from 100 to 300 mm. The initial feeding speed of the plate and friction was kept constant, thus causing a slip between the plate and the roll surfaces. The main interest of this study is to see whether the speed of the rolls and the diameter of the rolls have any influence on the contact pressure and the residual stress in cold rolling process. The roll speed is an easily controlled operational parameter which may be used to enhance the process and the quality of the final products by changing the roller diameter and see the effect of stress and contact pressure on the thick plates strip is new one.
TL;DR: In this paper, a class of modified linear regression type estimators which are almost unbiased is presented. And the proposed estimators are evaluated for certain natural populations available in the literature.
Abstract: The present paper deals with a class of modified linear regression type estimators which are almost unbiased. We have derived their variances together with the values for which the proposed class of estimators perform better than the usual linear regression estimator. The performances of these proposed estimators are also assessed for certain natural populations available in the literature. It is observed from the numerical comparisons that the proposed estimators perform better than the existing modified ratio type estimators.
TL;DR: In this article, the authors discuss the importance of Life skills training, which is an emerging concept in the corporate sector, and assist both individuals and small teams in your workplace to addressing issues affecting their work performance.
Abstract: Human resources with positive attitudes towards life and work and germane skills for advanced knowledge economy that are publicly responsible and accountable is becoming important in today's high momentum humanity. It is important that we mobilize skills such as personal management and people management skills which are necessary for adequate functioning which help us to steer our life towards more positive behavior and wellbeing. Specifically, life skills are termed as psycho social skills which empower individuals to flourish and prosper in competitive world and adapt to milieus in which we live in certain aspects such as behavioral, cognitive, social and intrapersonal. Corporate Life Skills training assists both individuals and small teams in your workplace to addressing issues affecting their work performance. This paper is conceptual papers which discuss the importance of Life skills training, which is an emerging concept in the corporate sector.