Showing papers in "Brazilian Review of Econometrics in 1990"
TL;DR: The authors summarizes David Hendry's empirical econometric methodology, unifying discussions in many of his and his co-authors' papers, and describes how Hendry'S suite of computer programs PC-GIVE helps users implement that methodology.
Abstract: This paper summarizes David Hendry's empirical econometric methodology, unifying discussions in many of his and his co-authors' papers. Then, we describe how Hendry'S suite of computer programs PC-GIVE helps users implement that methodology. Finally, we illustrate that methodology and the programs with three empirical examples: post-war narrow money demand in the United Kingdom, nominal income determination in the United Kingdom from Friedman and Schwartz (1982), and consumers' expenditure in Venezuela. These examples help clarify the methodology'S central concepts, which include cointegration, error-correction, general-to-simple modelling, dynamic specification, model evaluation and testing, parameter constancy, and exogeneity.
54 citations
TL;DR: Alem de uma concentracao de renda, a economia brasileira caracteriza-se por apresentar um alto grau de diferenciacao salarial, superior ao encontrado em economias com niveis semelhantes de desenvolvimento as mentioned in this paper.
Abstract: Alem de uma concentracao de renda, a economia brasileira caracteriza-se por apresentar um alto grau de diferenciacao salarial, superior ao encontrado em economias com niveis semelhantes de desenvolvimento. Em principio, esta diferenciacao poderia decorrer exclusivamente da heterogeneidade dos trabalhadores com respeito a determinados atributos produtivos. Entretanto, quando se controla por diferencas naqueles atributos produtivos que sao observaveis, permanece inexplicada uma parte expressiva da desigualdade de salarios, sugerindo a possibilidade de que existam trabalhadores igualmente produtivos recebendo remuneracoes distintas.
10 citations
TL;DR: In this article, household survey data demonstrate that Brazilian males born between 1925 and 1963 experienced a steady increase in mean schooling and significant declines in schooling inequality, with the variance in years of schooling increasing for cohorts born up until 1950, with steady declines for more recent cohorts.
Abstract: Household survey data demonstrate that Brazilian males born between 1925 and 1963 experienced steady increases in mean schooling and significant declines in schooling inequality. The variance in years of schooling increased for cohorts born up until 1950, with steady declines for more recent cohorts. Decomposition of a standrad human capital earnings equation indicates that trends in schooling tended to reduce earnings inequality from 1976 to 1985, due to reductions in both the variance of shooling and in return to shooling. These improvements were more than offset, however, by increases in other sources of inequality. Although the net increase in earnings inequality from 1976 to 1985 is disturbing, the reduction in schooling inequality represents a fundamental improvement in the determinants of eranings inequality in Brazil that will have beneficial effects for decades.
3 citations
TL;DR: In this article, the effects and power of some options arc analyzed through the application of the X-ll-ARIMA program to a empirical series which presents strong both trend and seasonal structural change.
Abstract: X-11 and X-11-ARIMA programs are widely used in seasonal adjustment. One of the reasons for their success is the almost automatic application of the methods. The paper shows, however, that an appropriate use of the options available can improve considerably the performance of the programs. The effects and power of some options arc analyzed through the application of the X-ll-ARIMA program to a empirical series which presents strong both trend and seasonal structural change.
2 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors developed a labor force participation model taking the family as the unity of analysis and applied it to the metropolitan areas of the Northeast and Southeast for the year of 1983.
Abstract: This article develops a labor force participation model taking the family as unity of analysis. The model is applied to the metropolitan areas of the Northeast and Southeast for the year of 1983. The source of data is the National Household Survey (PNAD). It is assumed that all heads of family are in the labor force. They are classified by income and sex. It is tested whether increases in the labor force participation rate of secondary family members is associated with declines in the income of the head and the growth of family unemployment. Both hypothesis are verified. In the case of the income-effect it was found that declines in the head"s income leads to an increase in the labor force participation of secondary family members (wives or husbands, children and others). However this effect is strong only for those families whose head earns up to one minimum wage. For higher incomes the incomeeffect weakens and even, in a few cases, it is non-significant for some groups. For the unemployment-effect, group, increases in family unemployment leads to a growth in family labor force participation rates.
2 citations
TL;DR: In this article, the authors analyzed the female participation in the brazilian labor market and its evolution in the period from 1983 to 1988, and observed an increase in the importance of spouses in the female work force between 1983 and 1988.
Abstract: This work analyse the female participation in the brazilian labor market and its evolution in the period from 1983 to 1988. We noted a rapid increase in the proportion of working women in this period, which goes from 41% in 1983 to 46% in 1988. Within the multiple factors which explain the probability of a women to work, in this analysis we emphasize the importance of differences in marital status. In 1988, we observe that the proportion of working women was 70% among the females family heads, and only 39% among the spouses. In this context, we observe an increase in the importance of spouses in the female work force between 1983 and 1988. In the last part af the work, we compare the differences the different.
1 citations
TL;DR: In this article, the authors revisited the discussion on the possible conflict between income distribution and economic development and found that there is room for accomplishing efficiency and equity targets simultaneously, even at the early stages of economic development.
Abstract: This paper aims at revisiting the discussion on the possible conflict between income distribution and economic development. The analysis is based on the Brazilian experience from 1976 to 1985. The basic exercise relates the evolution of earnings inequality, as measured by the Theil T index, to the behavior af income per capita in that period. The results suggest that there is room for accomplishing efficiency and equity targets; simultaneously, even at the early stages of economic development.
1 citations
TL;DR: A taxa de juros real esperada e um important argumento da oferta agregada do pais, considera-se em conta que os empresarios sao avessos ao risco.
Abstract: Utilizando a hipotese de que as empresas brasileiras incorrem em custos financeiros ao contratar mao de obra, o trabalho sugere que a taxa de juros real esperada e um importante argumento da oferta agregada do pais. Em adicao, ao levar-se em conta que os empresarios sao avessos ao risco, considera-se que o coeficiente de variacao da taxa de inflacao tambem desloca a curva de Phillips. Os resultados empiricos revelam que a taxa de juros possui maior impacto do que a taxa de inflacao sobre a curva de Phillips do Brasil.
1 citations
TL;DR: In this article, the authors present a model that reflects Keynes' intuition concerning nominal wage rigidity: workers like to keep their relative status on society, and analyze the influence of risk aversion.
Abstract: We present a Model that reflects Keynes' intuition concerning nominal wage rigidity: workers like to keep their relative status on society. Several results are presented, including the analysis of the influence of risk aversion. The appendix has two new results on symmetric games.
1 citations