Showing papers in "Bulletin de l'Association des anatomistes in 1989"

Further observations on the vascular system of the gallbladder in man.

Abstract: The authors present an experimental study of the vascularization of the gallbladder, which was conducted by means of corrosion casting technique. Casts of the vessels of all calibers of 20 gallbladders were prepared. Our observations concern the morphology of the arteries and the veins of the gallbladder, the architecture of the fine vessels of the microcirculation, the vascular communications between the gallbladder and the proximal part of the liver and, also, the vessels of the latter.

The posterior sacral plexus

Abstract: Les branches posterieures sacrees en s'anastomosant forment le plexus sacre posterieur, et sa branche terminale le nerf fessier posterieur qu'il est propose d'appeler le nerf interfessier vu son trajet et son territoire. A part leur interet anatomique, leurs lesions peuvent expliquer certaines nevralgies dans les atteintes sacro-coccygiennes

[In situ hybridization: principles and applications].

Abstract: In situ hybridization is a molecular biological technique recently introduced in histology. Its principle consists of forming stable nucleic hybrids in tissues or cells. In this review, the main steps of the technique are discussed in regard to the preparation of probes and their labelling, the fixation of tissues and cells and their permeabilization in order to facilitate the penetration of labelled probes. Conditions of hybridization and requisite control reactions are also analysed. Quantification possible when radioactive probes are used is detailed. The three current applications of in situ hybridization, the localization of a gene on a chromosome, the demonstration of viral genomes in cells and the investigation of messenger RNAs coding for a determined protein, are illustrated with specific examples.

Biométrie de la vena cava inferior (segment sous-rénal): dissection de 100 sujets frais.

Abstract: The vena cava inferior in its infra-renal part is a selective place to set on anti-thrombosis devices. The biometry of 100 fresh, adult cadavers interested the useful and real lengths, the diameters on several levels and on the corresponding part of the aorta, the end of the iliac venae and the origin of the iliac arteriae . The useful length of the vena cava inferior is 96 mm in mean, and its real diameter is 17 mm, on the middle of the infra-renal part.

Update on lymphatic resorption of cerebrospinal fluid after review of the literature

Abstract: The intention of this article is to review and to comment some of the historic and recent informations regarding the lymphatic drainage of brain and cerebrospinal fluid, and to try to specify the different pathways of this drainage.

[Placental passage of macromolecules: transport pathway and mode].

Abstract: In vivo and in vitro data have recently shown that macromolecules cross the hemochorial placenta. This feature contrats with the size selectivity of the sheep placenta which exclude molecules of 0.45 nm radius. Macromolecules moves by diffusion or endocytosis. In addition to size selectivity, the electrical charges of the macromolecules might be involved in placental transfer. The main resistance to placental transfer lie in the trophoblastic layer and the pathways of specific or unspecific transcytosis are not elicited. Membrane or fluid phase markers (peroxydases), carrier molecules (LDL, transferrin...), hormones and growth factors (insuline, EGF) are internalized by endocytosis into the trophoblast and further degraded or recycled. Immunoglobulins G, which are protected from degradation, reach the fetal circulation. The endothelial layer looks less selective and permits passage either by interendothelial diffusion or transcytosis.

Diaphanisation et etude vasculaire de la vertebre de chien

Abstract: Modification de la methode de Spalteholz. Etude des differences de la vascularisation des vertebres aux niveaux cervical, dorsal et lombaire et ensuite de la vascularisation de chacun des elements vertebraux

Ultrastructural diagnostic markers of the urinary bladder precancer.

Abstract: A morphological analysis of 346 biopsy specimens from 140 patients with chronic cystitis permits one to evaluate the proliferative forms of the disease, the cases with atypical hyperplasia of the urothelium or metaplasia of the squamous cells with acanthosis and hyperkeratosis of the group at risk, belonging to bladder precancer. The early ultrastructural signs of urothelial atypia are determined, among them the thickening of the glycocalyx layer (up to 30-60 nm) irregularly covering the entire surface of atypical cells, the disappearance of vesicular apparatus and AUM, the widening of the intercellular spaces. It was found that the squamous epithelium, formed by atypical cytodifferentiation of urothelium, is inadequate for performing the barrier function inherent in normal urothelium.

Diaphanization and vascular study of the dog vertebra

Abstract: Using a technique of diaphanization, modified from the one described by Spalteholz in 1924 and once more modified, for this study, for studying bone, the authors had to use a decalcification process. The authors studied the differences in arterial vascularization between the cervical, thoracic and lumbar vertebrae and also the vascularization of each of the vertebral elements.

The spinal periosteal layer and the fibrous sheath of the cervical spinal canal

Abstract: At the cervical level, in the foramen, the rachidian nerve is surrounded by two mantles: a dural one and a fibrous one continuing the epidural periosteal sheet of which it is a thickening. We can wonder whether this fibrous sheath is at the origin of some cervical radiculalgias in which one cannot detect any radiological lesion of the skeleton or disk.

Stress and quantification of pressures borne by the hip in unilateral support in the sagittal plane. I

Abstract: Thanks to the works of Pauwels, the pressures sustained by the hip during unilateral weightbearing in the frontal plane are now well known and have given rise to a number of surgical applications. Considered as negligible by Pauwels, the sagittal plane has been little studied; in fact, with Pauwels' methodology, but taking into account the muscular moments, it appears that the forces exerted in the sagittal plane are far from being negligible and vary, according to the phase of weightbearing, from once the weight of the body (weightbearing on the sole) to two and a half times the weight of the body (weightbearing on the heel).

Changes in the pressure borne by the hip during the phase of unilateral support in locomotion. II

Abstract: Adopting the methodology that we have just described, our study completes that of Pauwels in that we take into consideration the pressures sustained by the hip not only in the frontal plane but also in the horizontal and sagittal planes during the phase of unilateral weightbearing when walking. Thanks to the work of Braune and Fischer (1) the forces exerted on the hip are now well known and are represented by the weight of the body, the muscular forces and the dynamic forces generated by walking. From these data, we have been able to quantify the pressures sustained by the hip in each plane during the different phases of unilateral weightbearing when walking (weightbearing on heel, sole and toes).

Histochemical study, morphometric analysis and systematic distribution of fiber types in the rectus femoris muscle of the albino rats.

Abstract: The histochemical and morphometric characteristics as well as the systematic distribution of fiber types in the muscle rectus femoris (RF) of adult male rats were studied from ATPase (pre-incubated at pH 9'4, 4'6 and 4'2) and NADH stained sections. The muscle fiber types were classified as I type, IIA type and IIB-type. In 20 RF muscles 90-95% of total fibers were sampled and the mean diameter, length and irregularity-degree analysed. The data were grouped in four quadrants and the percent of fiber types was determined. The type IIB fibers predominate in all quadrants. The largest fibers were the IIB type and the smallest ones the type I, for all the quadrants. Our findings support a functional compartmentalization as proposed by many authors.

[Arterial vascularization of the vertebral column. Injection-corrosion-fluorescence technic].

Abstract: The authors have used the technique of injection-corrosion-fluorescence for a better knowledge of the arterial vascularization of the vertebral column of dogs. The vascular molds have been observed under ultraviolet light, and the magnificent fluorescence allowed easy reading of the results. At the cervical level they are the vertebral and the deep cervical arteries as the main arterial sources, at the thoracic level it is the intercostal, and in the lumbar region the lumbar arteries.