Showing papers in "Bulletin of Experimental Biology and Medicine in 1979"
TL;DR: The effect of gamma-hydroxybutyric acid on extracellularly recorded spontaneous unit activity in the sensomotor cortex was studied by microiontophoresis in rabbits and bicuculline prevented the inhibitory effect of GHBA, suggesting competitive relations may arise between GHBA and GABA while they interact with the common receptor.
Abstract: The effect of gamma-hydroxybutyric acid (GHBA) on extracellularly recorded spontaneous unit activity in the sensomotor cortex was studied by microiontophoresis in rabbits. GHBA reduced the discharge frequency of most neurons. Bicuculline, a specific blocker of gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA), prevented the inhibitory effect of GHBA. This indicates that competitive relations may arise between GHBA and GABA while they interact with the common receptor. The conditions for the appearance of such relations are discussed.
16 citations
TL;DR: Details are given of the distribution of nucleated bone marrow cells in 17 parts of the skeleton of laboratory hybrid mice (CBA x C57BL) and the content of bone marrow in the bones of the spine, head, lower limb, pelvis, upper limb, sternum, and ribs.
Abstract: Details are given of the distribution of nucleated bone marrow cells in 17 parts of the skeleton of laboratory hybrid mice (CBA x C57BL) weighing 18–21 g. The content of bone marrow in the bones of the spine, head, lower limb, pelvis, upper limb, sternum, and ribs was 33.7, 19.6, 11.9, 8.2, and 9.0% respectively of the total.
14 citations
TL;DR: It is concluded that acetylcholine has an activating effect on monoamine secretion in albino rat dura mater.
Abstract: The effect of various doses of acetylcholine (100, 200, and 500 mg/kg) on the mast cells of the albino rat dura mater was studied electron-microscopically and by Falck's luminescence method. Qualitative and quantitative differences were found in the accumulation and elimination of monoamines depending on the dose of acetylcholine used, from which it is concluded that acetylcholine has an activating effect on monoamine secretion.
11 citations
TL;DR: It was concluded that inhibition by Triton X-100 of histamine liberation induced by substance 48/80 depends on the inhibition of energy production.
Abstract: Triton X-100, in concentrations below those liberating histamine, produced dose-dependent inhibition of histamine liberation from rat mast cells induced by substance 48/80. Triton X-100 (0.02 ml/liter) exhausted the ATP reserves in the mast cells and completely inhibited histamine liberation induced by substance 48/80, and exhaustion of the ATP content in the mast cells was abolished by glucose (10 mM). It was concluded that inhibition by Triton X-100 of histamine liberation induced by substance 48/80 depends on the inhibition of energy production.
8 citations
Journal Article•
TL;DR: Under EPS the amount of PLP increased mostly in the heart and to a lesser degree in the skeletal muscle and brain, and an increase in hydroperoxidases in all the organs studied was less than that in the PLP end-products.
Abstract: Accumulation of primary and secondary products of lipid peroxidation (PLP) in different tissues of Wistar rats under emotional-pain stress (EPS) was studied using UV-spectrophotometry and fluorescense of Schiff bases. It was shown that under EPS the amount of PLP increased mostly in the heart and to a lesser degree in the skeletal muscle and brain. An increase in hydroperoxidases in all the organs studied was less than that in the PLP end-products, i. e. flourescent Schiff bases.
8 citations
Journal Article•
TL;DR: The data on the content of nucleated bone marrow cells in 17 skeletal portions of the hybrid F1 (CBA X C57B1) laboratory mice weighing 18-21 g are presented and the epxerimental results are compared with the literature data.
Abstract: The data on the content of nucleated bone marrow cells in 17 skeletal portions of the hybrid F1 (CBA X C57B1) laboratory mice weighing 18-21 g are presented. The bone marrow content in the bones of the spine, head, inferior limb, pelvis, upper limb, sternum and ribs constituted 33.7; 19.6; 17.6; 11.9; 8.2 and 9.0% of the total amount, respectively. The epxerimental results are compared with the literature data.
8 citations
TL;DR: It is concluded that among the primary molecular peroxidation products, only phospholipid HP is an effective modifier of Ca++ transport in SR membranes.
Abstract: The hydroperoxide (HP) of phosphatidylethanolamine, if added to a suspension of vesicles of the sarcoplasmic reticulum (SR), was shown to have a weak activating effect on Ca-dependent ATPase and to increase the permeability of SR membranes for Ca++, measured during activity of the enzyme. HP of linoleic acid did not affect the parameters of the Ca++ transport enzyme system, the activity of Ca++-dependent ATPase, the Ca/ATP ratio, or the rate of outflow of Ca++ in SR membranes on account of the low level of its incorporation into SR fragments. It is concluded that among the primary molecular peroxidation products (HP of free fatty acids, HP of phospholipids), induced both in vitro (by the Fe+++ascorbate system) and in vivo (ischemia, avitaminosis-E), only phospholipid HP is an effective modifier of Ca++ transport in SR membranes.
7 citations
TL;DR: In order to detect possible interaction between GABA and opiates, the effects of GABA-ergic drugs on analgesia induced by morphine were studied and the vocalization response to electrical stimulation of the tail in rats was used as an index of the action of morphine.
Abstract: In order to detect possible interaction between GABA and opiates, the effects of GABA-ergic drugs on analgesia induced by morphine were studied. The vocalization response to electrical stimulation of the tail in rats was used as an index of the action of morphine. Thiosemicarbazide, an inhibitor of glutamate decarboxylase, and bicuculline, which blocks GABA-ergic receptors, drugs which, it is suggested, can be considered as a group of GABA-negative compounds, weaken and shorten the effect of morphine. Depakine, an inhibitor of α-ketoglutarate-GABA-transaminase, like GABA itself, given in large doses (GABA-positive effects) strengthens morphine analgesia and prolongs its effect. The possible causes of these relations between GABA and opiates are discussed.
7 citations
TL;DR: It is concluded that the increase in the peripheral vascular resistance in burn shock is of a reflex compensatory nature and therefore the survival period of the denervated rabbits after burns was shorter than that of the intact rabbits.
Abstract: The effect of lethal burn injury on the parameters of hemodynamics and respiration was investigated in intact rabbits and those with disconnected aortal and sinocarotid reflexogenic zones. The rabbits of both groups demonstrated similar changes in cardiac output and total oxygen consumption. Unlike intact animals, the burn in rabbits with disconnected reflexogenic zones did not lead to a marked increase in the peripheral vascular resistance. Accordingly, the systemic arterial blood pressure in them fell to a considerably greater extent than that in the intact animals. The life span of the rabbits exposed to burns was less as compared to the intact ones. A reflex compensatory nature of the increased peripheral vascular resistance in burn shock is suggested.
7 citations
TL;DR: When injected subcutaneously in a dose of 8 mg/kg weekly into female CBA mice, 1,2-dimethylhydrazine induced the development of tumors of the intestine, anal region, uterus, and liver and Castration had no significant effect on the time of appearance or the frequency of tumors in all situations.
Abstract: When injected subcutaneously in a dose of 8 mg/kg weekly into female CBA mice, 1,2-dimethylhydrazine (DMH) induced the development of tumors of the intestine, anal region, uterus, and liver. When DMH was injected into mice aged 12–13 months the appearance of sarcomas of the uterus was observed earlier (at 8 weeks) and the incidence of tumors of the anal region rose more rapidly than in mice aged 3 months. In mice receiving DMH against the background of repeated pregnancies, a statistically significant decrease in the frequency of sarcomas of the uterus was observed (10.3% compared with 48.3% in nonpregnant mice); pregnancy did not affect the frequency of tumors of other organs. Castration had no significant effect on the time of appearance or the frequency of tumors in all situations.
7 citations
Journal Article•
TL;DR: Subcutaneous injection of 1,2-dimethylhydrazine into female CBA mice once a week resulted in the development of tumours of the colon, anal region, uterus and liver, and pregnancy exerted no effect on the incidence of tumour formation at other sites.
Abstract: Subcutaneous injection of 1,2-dimethylhydrazine into female CBA mice once a week resulted in the development of tumours of the colon, anal region, uterus and liver. In 12-13-month-old mice treated with DMH an earlier appearance (week 8) of uterine sarcomas and more rapid increase in the incidence of tumours of the anal region were noted as compared to 3-month-old mice. In pregnant females treated with DMH a statistically significant decrease in the uterine sarcoma incidence was observed (10.3% versus 48.3% in nonpregnant). Pregnancy exerted no effect on the incidence of tumours at other sites. Castration did not affect the time of appearance and the incidence of tumours of any site.
TL;DR: Be2+ ions were shown to inhibit ATPase and β-glycerophosphate activity, the former more effectively, and Heparin and spermidine, in physiological concentrations, also inhibited the activity of both phosphatases.
Abstract: The effect of heparin, spermidine, and Be2+ ions on adenosine triphosphatase (ATPase), β-glycerophosphatase, and ribonuclease (RNase) activity of rat liver cell nuclei was investigated in vitro. Be2+ ions were shown to inhibit ATPase and β-glycerophosphate activity, the former more effectively. Heparin and spermidine, in physiological concentrations, also inhibited the activity of both phosphatases. Heparin and spermidine had a similar action on nuclear RNase activity. The inhibitory effect of these agents on endonucleases was revealed.
Journal Article•
TL;DR: Taurine produced no effect on the cyclic nucleotides level in the heart of intact rats but sharply inhibited the cAMP and cGMP level elevation in the rat heart occuring in stress, suggesting that taurine is a nonspecific regulator of the myocardial cells sensitivity to the biologically active drugs.
Abstract: Taurine produced no effect on the cyclic nucleotides level in the heart of intact rats but sharply inhibited the cAMP and cGMP level elevation in the rat heart occuring in stress. After atropine pretreatment of the animals no effect of taurine on the heart cGMP level was observed; its effect on the cAMP level was significantly inhibited against the background of partial beta-adrenoreceptors block. It is suggested that taurine is a nonspecific regulator of the myocardial cells sensitivity to the biologically active drugs.
TL;DR: Uridine led to more rapid normalization of the conjugating and excretory functions of the liver, although restoration of the structure of the organ in this case was less complete.
Abstract: The effect of uridine and cytidine on the course of repair processes in the liver of rats with experimental hepatitis due to CCl4 was studied. Injection of uridine or cytidine simultaneously with CCl4 over a period of 7 days did not prevent damage to the liver by the poison. Further treatment with the nucleosides (up to 15 and 20 days) accelerated, although to different degrees, the course of repair processes after discontinuation of CCl4. Cytidine, for instance, caused marked hypertrophy of regenerating hepatocytes, combined with proliferation of mesenchymal cells, which, however, was not accompanied by restoration of the conjugating and excretory functions of the liver. Unlike cytidine, uridine led to more rapid normalization of the abovementioned functions, although restoration of the structure of the organ in this case was less complete.
TL;DR: An extremal state of the cells in the radiating culture caused by uv-radiation was shown to induce a distant cytopathic effect (CPE) in an intact detector culture in optical contact only with it, reflecting the specific character of the morphological features recorded in the affected culture.
Abstract: The objects of the investigation were to study the role of uv radiation in distant intercellular interactions (DII) and the conditions for obtaining a “mirror” cytopathic effect (MCPE). An extremal state of the cells in the radiating culture caused by uv-radiation was shown to induce a distant cytopathic effect (CPE) in an intact detector culture in optical contact only with it, reflecting the specific character of the morphological features recorded in the affected culture. Preliminary uv-irradiation of the detector cells facilitates manifestation of the MCPE.
TL;DR: The behavior of C57BL/6, CBA, and BALB/c mice in an “open field” test was studied after administration of phenazepam and sydnocarb to find a biphasic effect of the tranquillizer.
Abstract: The behavior of C57BL/6, CBA, and BALB/c mice in an “open field” test was studied after administration of phenazepam in doses of 0.05, 0.075, and 0.1 mg/kg and of sydnocarb in doses of 6, 12, and 24 mg/kg. The initial response to emotional stress was characterized by greatest motor activity (MA) in C57BL/6 mice and minimal in BALB/c mice. Phenazepam lowered MA in C57BL/6 mice proportionally to the dose. A biphasic effect of the tranquillizer was found in BALB/c mice. Depending on the dose, sydnocarb stimulated MA of C57BL/6 mice, did not effect the behavior of CBA mice, and in a dose of 24 mg/kg, it increased MA of BALB/c mice.
TL;DR: In the experimental rats the permeability and fine structure of the blood-testis barrier were disturbed in both testes, the pattern of the morphological changes was similar with that observed during the development of autoimmune orchitis, and lymphocytes sensitized to spermatozoal antigens were found in the lymphoid organs.
Abstract: Measured disturbance of the venous outflow from the left testis in rats causes the development of destructive changes in the spermatogenic epithelium both in the testis on the side of the operation and also in the contralateral organ. Disturbances of spermatogenesis in rat testes (foci of desquamation of spermatogenic epithelium, disorganization and degeneration of the sex cells, emptying of the seminiferous tubules) are similar to those in men with varicocele, so that the results of such experiments can be regarded as an experimental model of varicocele. In the experimental rats the permeability and fine structure of the blood-testis barrier were disturbed in both testes, the pattern of the morphological changes was similar with that observed during the development of autoimmune orchitis, and lymphocytes sensitized to spermatozoal antigens were found in the lymphoid organs. Taken as a whole, the results suggest involvement of immunologic mechanisms in the development of the pathological changes in the testes in varicocele.
TL;DR: It is suggested on the basis of the results that the inactivating effect of formaldehyde and its aminomethylol derivatives is evidently due to the formation of depurinized regions in the bacterial DNA rather than to dimerization of the purine bases.
Abstract: Aminomethylol compounds formed by the reaction between formaldehyde and amino acids, like formaldehyde itself, have a marked lethal action on strains ofEscherichia coli with various defects of DNA repair systems. Correlation was found between the degree of depurinization of DNA caused by different aminomethylol derivativesin vitro and the inactivating action of these derivatives on bacteria. It is suggested on the basis of the results that the inactivating effect of formaldehyde and its aminomethylol derivatives is evidently due to the formation of depurinized regions in the bacterial DNA rather than to dimerization of the purine bases.
Journal Article•
TL;DR: Disturbance of permeability and of the fine blood-testis barrier structure in both testes was observed in experimental rats; the picture of morphological changes was similar to that of autoimmune orchitis; lymphocytes sensitized to spermatozoa antigens were revealed in the lymphoid organs of experimental rats.
Abstract: Partial decrease of venous drainage from the left testis in male rats induced development of destructive changes in the seminiferous epithelium at the site of operation and in the contralateral organ. Spermatogenesis disturbances in the rat testes (focal desquamation of seminiferous epithelium, disorganization and degeneration of germ cells, devastation of seminiferous tubules) resembles the lesion in men with varicocele. These data permit to consider the results of present experiment as varicocele modelling. Disturbance of permeability and of the fine blood-testis barrier structure in both testes was observed in experimental rats; the picture of morphological changes was similar to that of autoimmune orchitis; lymphocytes sensitized to spermatozoa antigens were revealed in the lymphoid organs of experimental rats. The results obtained permit to suggest the involvement of immunological mechanisms in the development of pathological changes in the testes affected with varicocele.
TL;DR: The quantity of LPO products was shown to increase under the influence of PES mainly in the heart, and also significantly, although to a lesser degree than in theheart, in skeletal muscles and brain.
Abstract: Accumulation of primary and secondary lipid peroxidation (LPO) products were investigated by ultraviolet spectrophotometry and fluorescence of Schiff bases in various tissues of Wistar rats subjected to painful emotional stress (PES). The quantity of LPO products was shown to increase under the influence of PES mainly in the heart, and also significantly, although to a lesser degree than in the heart, in skeletal muscles and brain. The increase in content of hydroperoxides in all the organs studied was smaller than the increase in the content of fluorescent Schiff bases, the end products of LPO.
TL;DR: The new Soviet transquilizer phenazepam, if given by daily intraperitoneal injection to rats in a dose of 1 mg/kg for 3 weeks, can depress the craving for ethanol developed beforehand by administration of a 5% solution of alcohol for 2 months as the only source of fluid.
Abstract: The new Soviet transquilizer phenazepam, if given by daily intraperitoneal injection to rats in a dose of 1 mg/kg for 3 weeks, can depress the craving for ethanol developed beforehand by administration of a 5% solution of alcohol for 2 months as the only source of fluid. The mechanism of this effect is probably connected with changes in the activity of the hypothalamic neurosecretory centers observed under these conditions. The property thus revealed evidently also explains the efficacy of phenazepam in the treatment of patients with chronic alcoholism.
TL;DR: The results of these experiments indicate that the decrease in mEPP under the influence of C is mediated through specific nicotinic cholinergic structures of motor nerve endings.
Abstract: The presynaptic action of carbachol (C) was studied in experiments on a neuromuscular preparation of the sartorius muscle ofRanaridibunda. C was shown to significantly reduce the quantum composition of the endplate potentials (mEPP) as a result of the direct action of C on motor nerve endings. D-Tubocurarine caused a marked decrease in the sensitivity of motor nerve endings to C. Relations between C and tubocurarine as regards their action on the quantum composition of mEPP were of the competitive antagonism type. Atropine, in low concentrations, had no effect on the presynaptic action of C. The results of these experiments indicate that the decrease in mEPP under the influence of C is mediated through specific nicotinic cholinergic structures of motor nerve endings.
TL;DR: Dynamic studies showed that the accumulation of malonic dialdehydes in the platelets reflects the initial stage of development of thrombosis; this can be used for the diagnosis of the early stages of intravascular thromBosis.
Abstract: On incubation of rabbit platelets with ADP, adrenalin, serotonin, and thrombin, the level of lipid hydroperoxides in the platelets, determined as malonic dialdehyde, increases parallel with the increased aggregative power. An even higher concentration of malonic dialdehyde is observed in the platelets of animals with pulmonary thrombosis. Dynamic studies showed that the accumulation of malonic dialdehydes in the platelets reflects the initial stage of development of thrombosis; this can be used for the diagnosis of the early stages of intravascular thrombosis.
TL;DR: Taurine had no effect on the cyclic nucleotide level in the heart of intact rats but sharply reduced the increase in cyclic AMP and cyclic GMP levels taking place during stress, suggesting that taurine is a nonspecific regulator of the sensitivity of the myocardial cells to biologically active substances.
Abstract: Taurine had no effect on the cyclic nucleotide level in the heart of intact rats but sharply reduced the increase in cyclic AMP and cyclic GMP levels taking place during stress The action of taurine on the cyclic GMP content in the heart was not exhibited after preliminary atropinization of the animals; its effect on cyclic AMP was greatly reduced after partial blockade of β-adrenoreceptors It is suggested that taurine is a nonspecific regulator of the sensitivity of the myocardial cells to biologically active substances
Journal Article•
TL;DR: Two types of behavioral shifts occur in cats after cessation of repeated low-frequency stimulation of the caudate nucleus head and the number and pattern of stereotype movements are variously changed against the background of these shifts following administration of the minimal effective phenamine dose.
Abstract: Two types of behavioral shifts occur in cats after cessation of repeated low-frequency stimulation of the caudate nucleus head. Behavioral depression originates more frequently from the dorsomedial part of the head whereas stimulation of the ventrolateral part induces the activation before depression. The number and pattern of stereotype movements are variously changed against the background of these shifts following administration of the minimal effective phenamine dose. Desorganization takes place after stimulation of the dorso-medial nucleus parts followed by stereotypy reduction or, on the contrary, by its enhancement in combination with caudate activation.
TL;DR: A method of counterflow isotachophoresis of proteins on cellulose acetate films is suggested, which is readily combined with immunodiffusion and immunoelectrophoretic detection of protein antigens.
Abstract: A variant of counter-flow isotachophoresis of proteins on cellulose acetate membranes is proposed. The liquid counter-flow is created by electroendosmosis in the membrane. Proteins are concentrated at the Kolrausch boundary during isotachophoresis in the presence of ampholytes. The method permits one to make microanalysis of proteinic mixtures in diluted solutions, and it can be used in combination with immunodiffusion and immunoelectrophoretic methods of antigenic protein detection.
TL;DR: Stereotypy was produced in rats by the formation of generators of pathologically enhanced excitation (GPEE) during local disturbance of inhibitory mechanisms in the rostral part of the caudate nuclei as a result of bilateral, injection of tetanus toxin.
Abstract: Stereotypy was produced in rats by the formation of generators of pathologically enhanced excitation (GPEE) during local disturbance of inhibitory mechanisms in the rostral part of the caudate nuclei (CN) as a result of bilateral, injection of tetanus toxin. Microinjections of gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) into the region of GPEE and systemic administration of haloperidol suppressed the stereotyped behavior of the animals. It is concluded that the stereotypy may be based on the formation of a GPEE as a result of disturbances in the presynaptic component of the GABA-ergic system of CN, the operant part of which consists of dopaminergic neurons.
TL;DR: Changes in the content of cyclic nucleotides (cyclic AMP and cyclic GMP) in wound tissues (muscle and granulation tissue) were investigated in rats with a wound with a skin defect in the dorsal region with pulping of the underlying muscle.
Abstract: Changes in the content of cyclic nucleotides (cyclic AMP and cyclic GMP) in wound tissues (muscle and granulation tissue) were investigated in rats. The experimental model was a wound with a skin defect in the dorsal region with pulping of the underlying muscle. The cyclic AMP level in muscle tissue was shown to rise to two peaks: on the first day and more especially on the 7th day. The cyclic GMP content rose a little on the 1st–4th days, fell on the 7th day, and rose again until the 14th day. The cyclic AMP concentration in granulation tissue followed a similar course to that in the muscle tissue: a rise on the 7th day and a fall on the 14th day. On the other hand, the curve of the cyclic GMP content in the granulation was more uniform. Only a small increase toward the 7th day was observed.
Journal Article•
TL;DR: The effect of cytidine and uridine on the reparative processes in the rat liver in experimental hepatitis induced by CCl was studied in this article, where combined administration of uridine or cytidine with CCl4 during 7 days does not prevent the liver affection.
Abstract: The effect of cytidine and uridine on the reparative processes in the rat liver in experimental hepatitis induced by CCl was studied. Combined administration of uridine or cytidine with CCl4 during 7 days does not prevent the liver affection. The subsequent nucleoside treatment (up to 15 and 20 days) accelerates to a different degree the reparative processes after CCl4 withdrawal. Thus, cytidine provokes marked hypertrophy of regenerated hepatocytes accompanied by proliferation of the mesenchymal elements, not followed, however, by recovery of the conjugative and excretory liver functions. Uridine, in contrast to cytidine, promotes more rapid normalization of these functions though the organ structure regeneration is not complete.
TL;DR: The optimal time for taking amniotic fluid for quick and successful culture was found to be the 17th week of pregnancy and the need to allow for the concentration of the cell suspension before addition of the cells to the culture medium, depending on the period of pregnancy, was demonstrated.
Abstract: The effect of the period of pregnancy and the concentration of the cell suspension to be cultured on success in the culture of amniotic fluid cells was studied on 29 samples. The optimal time for taking amniotic fluid for quick and successful culture was found to be the 17th week of pregnancy. The need to allow for the concentration of the cell suspension before addition of the cells to the culture medium, depending on the period of pregnancy, was demonstrated.