Showing papers in "Canadian Geotechnical Journal in 1983"
TL;DR: Significant advances have been made in recent years in research, development, interpretation, and application of cone penetration testing as discussed by the authors, including the addition of pore pressure measurements during cone pen penetration testing.
Abstract: Significant advances have been made in recent years in research, development, interpretation, and application of cone penetration testing. The addition of pore pressure measurements during cone pen...
467 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors investigated the permeability characteristics of a number of intact natural soft clays from Quebec, the USA, and Sweden in the laboratory and found that the variation of permeability with void ratio is...
Abstract: The permeability characteristics of a number of intact natural soft clays from Quebec, the USA, and Sweden have been investigated in the laboratory. The variation of permeability with void ratio is...
365 citations
TL;DR: Natural clays are commonly anisotropic due to their mode of deposition, and lightly overconsolidated because of a variety of subsequent geological processes as discussed by the authors, and exhibit marked changes in stiffnes.
Abstract: Natural clays are commonly anisotropic due to their mode of deposition, and lightly overconsolidated because of a variety of subsequent geological processes. They exhibit marked changes in stiffnes...
214 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, the methods of measuring the permeability of clays in the laboratory were investigated, and the constant head tests in the triaxial were best suited for testing large specimen under field stress conditions.
Abstract: The methods of measuring the permeability of clays in the laboratory are investigated. Constant head tests in the triaxial are best suited for testing large specimen under field stress conditions p...
187 citations
TL;DR: The compilation of numerous geotechnical data has allowed the definition of the main physical, mechanical, and hydraulic properties of marine and lacustrine clays of eastern Canada, as well as the...
Abstract: The compilation of numerous geotechnical data has allowed the definition of the main physical, mechanical, and hydraulic properties of marine and lacustrine clays of eastern Canada, as well as the ...
186 citations
TL;DR: A technique suitable for the analysis of lined tunnels constructed in soft soil is described in this paper, which permits consideration of the soil-lining interaction, lining weight, and plastic failure.
Abstract: A technique suitable for the analysis of lined tunnels constructed in soft soil is described. This technique permits consideration of the soil-lining interaction, lining weight, and plastic failure...
163 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, an extension to the generalized method of slices that is commonly used in slope stability analysis is proposed. But restrictions exist on the assumptions used to make the problem stati...
Abstract: Extensions are suggested to the generalized method of slices that is commonly used in slope stability analysis. It is shown that restrictions exist on the assumptions used to make the problem stati...
156 citations
TL;DR: In this article, two methods to improve the load-displacement performance of concrete piers socketed into very weak rock were investigated, and the test results indicated that increasing the roughness of the socket wall can cause important increases in shaft resistance.
Abstract: Investigations were made of two methods to improve the load–displacement performance of concrete piers socketed into very weak rock. Results of load tests on six full-size piers are reported.One method involved cutting grooves into the socket wall to roughen the pier–rock interface and thus increase the shaft resistance component of load support. Two types of piers were tested: piers with a void at the base (shaft resistance only) and piers having both shaft resistance and end-bearing resistance. In the latter case, flatjack load cells were installed to measure base loads. The test results indicated that increasing the roughness of the socket wall can cause important increases in shaft resistance.The second method involved the application of preload to the socket base to increase the end-bearing component of load support at small displacements. The test results showed that preloading the socket base resulted in a stiffer load–displacement behaviour of the pier–socket system.The initial portions of the loa...
116 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, a theoretically based procedure for predicting and designing for settlement above tunnels constructed in soft ground is outlined, and the application of this theoretical technique is discussed and its application is discussed.
Abstract: A theoretically based procedure for predicting and designing for settlement above tunnels constructed in soft ground is outlined. The application of this theoretical technique is discussed and its ...
106 citations
TL;DR: A series of conventional and special consolidation tests was carried out on clay samples from 11 sites in the Champlain sea basin, and the results showed that, for a given clay at a given depth, there is a unique preconsolidation pressure -strain rate relationship independent of the tests carried out and that the relationships obtained in different Champlain clays can be normalized.
Abstract: A series of conventional and special consolidation tests was carried out on clay samples from 11 sites in the Champlain sea basin. The results show that, for a given clay at a given depth, there is a unique preconsolidation pressure – strain rate relationship independent of the tests carried out and that the relationships obtained in different Champlain clays can be normalized.Correlations between the preconsolidation pressure values obtained from the different special consolidation tests and the conventional test are established, and a method of estimating in-situ preconsolidation pressure is suggested. Keywords: preconsolidation pressure, laboratory, testing techniques, strain rate.
81 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, a multichannel electric cone penetrometer was used to perform a variety of in situ tests in saturated deltaic deposits, including factors affecting the tip bearing, friction sleeve stress, and pore-water pres...
Abstract: A multichannel electric cone penetrometer was used to perform a variety of in situ tests in saturated deltaic deposits.Factors affecting the tip bearing, friction sleeve stress, and pore-water pres...
TL;DR: In this paper, several special test methods have been proposed to measure the preconsolidation pressure of a compressible clay soil, in addition to the conventional oedometer test methods.
Abstract: In recent literature several special test methods have been proposed to measure the preconsolidation pressure of a compressible clay soil. Five methods, in addition to the conventional oedometer te...
TL;DR: In this paper, the analysis and computation of the bearing capacity of rigid piles under inclined loads is usually based on a simplified pressure distribution along the pile length, and test data of actual pressures are provided.
Abstract: The analysis and computation of the bearing capacity of rigid piles under inclined loads is usually based on a simplified pressure distribution along the pile length. Test data of actual pressures ...
TL;DR: Several commonly encountered problems associated with the limit equilibrium methods of slices are discussed in this article, which are primarily related to the assumptions used to render the inherently inapplicable limit equilibrium method of slices.
Abstract: Several commonly encountered problems associated with the limit equilibrium methods of slices are discussed. These problems are primarily related to the assumptions used to render the inherently in...
TL;DR: In this article, the lateral earth pressures produced by saturated clays with negative pore-water pressures and unsaturated expansive clays, with positive matric suctions, were considered from a theoretical standpoint.
Abstract: Lateral earth pressures produced by saturated clays with negative pore-water pressures and unsaturated expansive clays with positive matric suctions are considered from a theoretical standpoint. Si...
TL;DR: In this article, the in situ stress conditions, as assessed from the corrected swelling pressure and the required soil moduli, are deduced from the constant volume oedometer test.
Abstract: Several analytical methods for the prediction of total heave of desiccated, expansive soils have been proposed for various geographic regions. The proposed method herein is based on a general theory for unsaturated soil. The in situ stress conditions, as assessed from the corrected swelling pressure and the required soil moduli, are deduced from the constant volume oedometer test.Verification of the proposed method was accomplished using data accumulated from the monitoring of movements of a floor slab in a light industrial building in north-central Regina, Saskatchewan. A leak in a water line buried under the floor slab resulted in a maximum heave of about 106 mm. Of the three final pore-water pressure distributions assumed, the one where pressure is constant with depth and equal to atmospheric pressure appears to be representative of the field conditions corresponding to the maximum measured heave. The measured heave represents 89% of the predicted heave for the zero pore-water pressure distribution. It...
TL;DR: The geologic and geotechnical characteristics of thick soft Champlain Sea clay deposits at Hawkesbury, Ontario are presented in this paper. And a second paper will deal with the mineralogy and geochemi...
Abstract: The geologic and geotechnical characteristics of thick soft Champlain Sea clay deposits at Hawkesbury, Ontario are presented in this paper. A second paper will deal with the mineralogy and geochemi...
TL;DR: The distributary front deposits of the delta consist mainly of interlayered sand and silt and lie in one of the most seismically active zones in Canada as discussed by the authors, which is known as the "distribution delta".
Abstract: The distributary front deposits of the delta consist mainly of interlayered sand and silt and lie in one of the most seismically active zones in Canada. Subsurface deposits at the north tend to be ...
TL;DR: In this paper, the resultant large overall strains resulting from the consolidation of low solids content slurry sediments, such as those obtained in settling ponds, are predicted and compared with actual results for two sludge settling ponds.
Abstract: The resultant large overall strains resulting from the consolidation of low solids content slurry sediments, such as those obtained in settling ponds, are predicted and compared with actual results for two sludge settling ponds. The computer technique developed in association with the piece-wise linear consolidation model permits inclusion of self-weight and eliminates restrictions such as small strains, constant load, and constant material consolidation parameters by solving the governing equations using the finite difference iterative technique. Good agreement between predicted and measured field values for the two ponds has been obtained. Keywords: large-strain consolidation, settling ponds, sediments, piece-wise linear consolidation, finite difference, iterative technique.
TL;DR: The preconsolidation pressure of sensitive clays is an important parameter for the design of foundations on these soils, which are widespread in Eastern Canada and above all in the St Lawrence and Ottawa Valleys where Champlain clays are found as mentioned in this paper.
Abstract: The preconsolidation pressure of sensitive clays is an important parameter for the design of foundations on these soils, which are widespread in Eastern Canada and above all in the St. Lawrence and Ottawa Valleys where Champlain clays are found. A research study was initiated in 1979 to assess whether the preconsolidation pressure values derived from laboratory tests are representative of the preconsolidation pressure effectively mobilized in situ.Several existing structures were investigated and five of them are presented with performance records taken during and after construction together with data obtained from recent soil investigations. For each case study, the in-situ preconsolidation pressure is determined from the analysis of settlement and/or pore pressure records.The preconsolidation pressure values derived from conventional oedometer tests on good quality undisturbed samples are compared with the in-situ values and a simple correlation taking into account the overconsolidation ratio of the cla...
TL;DR: In this paper, the influence of particle size, stress level, density, method of consolidation, and strain conditions on the strength and strain of a single cell was investigated. But the results of an investigation carried out by the authors were limited.
Abstract: This paper describes the results of an investigation carried out to study the influence of particle size, stress level, density, method of consolidation, and strain conditions on the strength and c...
TL;DR: In this paper, an experimental study of the contact stress distribution beneath two interfering rigid strip foundations resting in frictionless contact with a layer of dense sand underlain by a smooth rigid base is presented.
Abstract: This paper presents an experimental study of the contact stress distribution beneath two interfering rigid strip foundations resting in frictionless contact with a layer of dense sand underlain by a smooth rigid base. It is found that the interference between the two foundations has a significant influence on the contact stress distribution. In the absence of interference, the contact stress distribution beneath a single foundation exhibits a symmetrical shape. As the spacing between the foundations diminishes the contact stress distribution exhibits an asymmetrical shape. Keywords: contact stresses, foundation interference, plane strain tests, experimental studies.
TL;DR: In this article, measured results of full-scale and model bearing capacity tests are compared with predictions from projected area methods and with a more rigorous method developed by Hanna, and the results of the comp...
Abstract: Measured results of full-scale and model bearing capacity tests are compared with predictions from projected area methods and with a more rigorous method developed by Hanna. The results of the comp...
TL;DR: In this article, the principal criteria for the design of hammer foundations are specified and the methods of defining stiffness and damping constants for shallow foundations and pile foundations are reviewed, and an a...
Abstract: The principal criteria for the design of hammer foundations are specified and the methods of defining stiffness and damping constants for shallow foundations and pile foundations are reviewed. An a...
TL;DR: In this article, a chilled pipeline cross a transition from frozen to unfrozen ground or shallow permafrost, a differential frost heave problem may develop causing strains in the pipe.
Abstract: As a chilled pipeline crosses a transition from frozen to unfrozen ground or shallow permafrost, a differential frost heave problem may develop causing strains in the pipe Soil–structure interacti
TL;DR: In this paper, it was shown that rock wedges in the roofs of underground excavations may be self-supporting due to the mobilization of shear resistance on discontinuities bounding such wedges.
Abstract: Rock wedges in the roofs of underground excavations may be wholly or partly self-supporting due to the mobilization of shear resistance on discontinuities bounding such wedges. The extent of the mo...
TL;DR: In this article, the authors confirmed the existence of two flow laws for polycrystalline ice, one describing the behaviour of ice before the inflection point of a constant stress test, and the other well into the tertiary portion of the strain time curve.
Abstract: This study confirms the existence of two flow laws for polycrystalline ice One describes the behaviour of ice before the inflection point of a constant stress test, and one the behaviour well into the tertiary portion of the strain–time curve Each flow law may be represented by a power law with an exponent of 30The inflection point in constant stress experiments and the peak in constant strain rate experiments is shown to occur at about 1% strain in experiments conducted in the ductile material behaviour range A Cottrell–Aytekin relationship has been used to fit the strain–time material behaviour up to the inflection pointThe flow law of ice valid below 1% strain is shown to be dependent on the grain size ratio of the ice The grain size ratio is a measure of the size effect of the sample tested The temperature influence on the flow law is best described by using the inverse temperature relationship described by Voytkovskiy Keywords: ice, creep deformation, long-term, failure strain
TL;DR: The Denholm landslide as mentioned in this paper is composed of scarps, ridges, and elongated depressions, and is 160'm high, 2000'm wide, and up to 100'm thick.
Abstract: The Denholm landslide, whose surface is composed of scarps, ridges, and elongated depressions, is 160 m high, 2000 m wide, and up to 100 m thick. The shear zone is in silty, montomorillonitic clay ...
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors examined the nature and consequences of the linear correlation observed between the logarithm of the minimum creep rate and the time to reach this minimum rate in soil, ice, and frozen soil.
Abstract: This technical note examines the nature and consequences of the linear correlation observed between the logarithm of the minimum creep rate, and the logarithm of the time to reach this minimum creep rate, tm, in soil, ice, and frozen soil. Simple mathematical creep models show that this correlation is due to the existence of an approximately constant strain at the minimum strain rate, and the relative insensitivity of the double logarithmic plot to small deviations from this approximately constant strain. Keywords: creep, failure, frozen soil, ice, unfrozen soil.
TL;DR: The results of this analysis are in good agreement with the geological and geomorphological data and they suggest that cementation has had a negligible effect on the preconsolidation of the Saguenay clays as mentioned in this paper.
Abstract: The clays of Eastern Canada, and in particular the Saint-Jean-Vianney clay in the Saguenay region, have often been described as clays with a preconsolidation due partly to cementation In order to check this assumption, the geological history and the geomorphology of the Saguenay region have been analyzed Further to the evidence of significant erosion, available geotechnical data in the form of variations of water content, undrained shear strength, and preconsolidation pressure have been analyzed to determine the elevation of the original ground surface in the hypothesis of a preconsolidation resulting from deposition and erosion The results of this analysis are in good agreement with the geological and geomorphological data and they suggest that cementation has had a negligible effect on the preconsolidation of the Saguenay clays A regional map of preconsolidation pressures is also presented Keywords: clay, preconsolidation, geomorphology, erosion, shear strength [Journal translation]