Showing papers in "Canadian Geotechnical Journal in 1992"
TL;DR: In this paper, a framework for describing the mechanical behavior of unsaturated expansive clays is presented, which is an extension of an existing formulation developed for unsaturated soils of low activity.
Abstract: The paper presents a framework for describing the mechanical behaviour of unsaturated expansive clays. It is an extension of an existing formulation developed for unsaturated soils of low activity....
662 citations
TL;DR: Cracking in soils that are undergoing drying is controlled by soil suctions and by soil properties such as compression modulus, Poisson's ratio, shear strength, tensile strength, and specific surfa...
Abstract: Cracking in soils that are undergoing drying is controlled by soil suctions and by soil properties such as compression modulus, Poisson's ratio, shear strength, tensile strength, and specific surfa...
441 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, a simple numerically based procedure for the estimation of the so-called gap parameter is described, which represents the vertical displacement above the crown of the tunnel and is a m...
Abstract: A simple, numerically based procedure for the estimation of the so-called gap parameter is described. The gap parameter represents the vertical displacement above the crown of the tunnel and is a m...
259 citations
TL;DR: In this article, the effects of stress path and loading direction in the triaxial test on strength and dilatancy of sand were investigated and the unique relationship observed between peak friction and peak friction was found.
Abstract: The effects of stress path and loading direction in the triaxial test on strength and dilatancy of sand are investigated. It is shown that the unique relationship observed between peak friction ang...
238 citations
TL;DR: In the absence of impervious natural soils, compacted mixtures of bentonite and sand have been used to form barriers to fluids, and the focus of as discussed by the authors is on the hydraulic conductivity behaviou...
Abstract: In the absence of impervious natural soils, compacted mixtures of bentonite and sand have been used to form barriers to fluids, and the focus of this paper is on the hydraulic conductivity behaviou...
233 citations
TL;DR: The seismic cone penetration test (SCPT) has been used for the evaluation of liquefaction potential under cyclic loading as discussed by the authors, which provides independent measurements of penetration resistance, pore pressures, and shear-wave velocity in a fast, continuous, and economic manner.
Abstract: Impressive progress has been made in the last 25 years in recognizing liquefaction hazards, understanding liquefaction phenomena, and analyzing and evaluating the potential for liquefaction at a site. Recent findings related to the application of the seismic cone penetration test (SCPT) for the evaluation of liquefaction potential under cyclic loading are presented and discussed. The SCPT provides independent measurements of penetration resistance, pore pressures, and shear-wave velocity in a fast, continuous, and economic manner. The current methods available for evaluating liquefaction using penetration resistance are presented and discussed. Recent developments in the application of shear-wave velocity to evaluate liquefaction potential are discussed, and a new method based on normalized shear-wave velocity is proposed. Limited case-history data are used to evaluate and support the proposed correlation. A worked example is presented to illustrate the potential usefulness of the SCPT for evaluating liqu...
219 citations
TL;DR: In this article, a mixture theory for two interacting constituents is developed to deal with the effects of thermal and chemical consolidation, and a postulate of mass transfer of adsorbed water from solid to fluid fraction caused by thermal or chemical load is then discussed.
Abstract: Water–mineral interaction in narrow interstices (<30 A (1 A = 0.1 nm)) in dense, saturated clays is discussed in view of recent experimental findings and molecular dynamics simulations. Consequences to the macroscopic behavior are considered. A mixture theory for two interacting constituents is developed. Effects of temperature and chemicals are discussed. A postulate of mass transfer of adsorbed water from solid to fluid fraction caused by thermal or chemical load is then discussed. Theory of plasticity of clays affected by heat or chemicals is developed to deal with the effects of thermal and chemical consolidation. Key words : hydraulic conductivity, effective stress, environmental loads, thermo-chemo-plasticity.
150 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, dissipation data from piezocone tests (CPTU) were reviewed from sites in Europe and North and South America as well as published data from South Africa.
Abstract: Data have been reviewed from sites in Europe and North and South America as well as published data from South Africa. The review has concentrated on dissipation data from piezocone tests (CPTU) to ...
133 citations
105 citations
TL;DR: Internal instability produces segregation in fine particles, modifies drainage properties, and increases pore pressures, capillary retention, and possible frost damage as mentioned in this paper, and three criteria are commonly...
Abstract: Internal instability produces segregation in fine particles, modifies drainage properties, and increases pore pressures, capillary retention, and possible frost damage. Three criteria are commonly ...
95 citations
TL;DR: In this article, experiments with heating and cooling cycles in undrained constant total stress conditions in triaxial apparatus were presented, showing that heating induces a large pore-water pressure increase, which eventually leads to overheating.
Abstract: Experiments with heating and cooling cycles in undrained constant total stress conditions in triaxial apparatus are presented. Heating induces a large pore-water pressure increase, which eventually...
TL;DR: In this paper, the response of piles in sand, under lateral loads, was investigated using model piles of three different diameters and flexural stiffnesses, tested in a centrifuge.
Abstract: Results of an investigation of the response of piles in sand, under lateral loads, are presented. Model piles of three different diameters and flexural stiffnesses were tested in a centrifuge appar...
TL;DR: In this article, a precast concrete pile was driven 11.0m into a sand deposit and subjected to three compression and one tension static loading tests by means of strain-gage instrumentation.
Abstract: A precast concrete pile was driven 11.0 m into a sand deposit and subjected to three compression and one tension static loading tests. By means of strain-gage instrumentation, the loads imposed in ...
TL;DR: A combined approach that uses the random search to find an estimate of the global minimum which is employed by the methods of optimization as a starting point has proved to be more efficient than either a purely stochastic or a deterministic approach.
Abstract: The minimum factor of safety of a slope can be found by using various methods of optimization or by random search. This paper presents a combined approach that uses the random search to find an estimate of the global minimum which is employed by the methods of optimization as a starting point. Guidelines have been given to select an appropriate number of random trials. Two simplified methods for calculating the factors of safety are suggested to minimize the computing time of the random searches. The approach has proved to be more efficient than either a purely stochastic or a deterministic one. Key words : slope stability, landslide, factor of safety, critical slip surface, method of optimization, random search, Monte Carlo method.
TL;DR: In this article, a series of model tests of single vertical piles subjected to lateral monotonic pile head loading were carried out in sand under a simulated field and the results of these tests were reported.
Abstract: This paper presents results from a series of model tests of single vertical piles subjected to lateral monotonic pile head loading. Model tests were carried out in sand under a simulated field stre...
TL;DR: The relationship between molding water content and hydraulic conductivity of a compacted sand-bentonite mixture was examined in a laboratory test program as discussed by the authors, which involved triaxial permeabilization.
Abstract: The relationship between molding water content and hydraulic conductivity of a compacted sand-bentonite mixture was examined in a laboratory test program. This program involved triaxial permeabilit...
TL;DR: In situ measurement of the dynamic characteristics of surficial soils is becoming more common in geotechnical practice for prediction of ground-surface motions from earthquake excitation and to eva...
Abstract: In situ measurement of the dynamic characteristics of surficial soils is becoming more common in geotechnical practice for prediction of ground-surface motions from earthquake excitation and to eva...
TL;DR: In this paper, a numerical and simplified empirical design procedure based on the concept of the gap parameter is proposed for predicting settlement above tunnels constructed in soft ground with reference point of a reference tunnel.
Abstract: A numerical and a simplified empirical design procedure (based on the concept of the gap parameter) for predicting settlement above tunnels constructed in soft ground are evaluated with reference t...
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors suggest that present field tests and forecasting techniques may be unsatis-factory for assessing the stability of slabs which overlie layers of surface hoar or faceted grains.
Abstract: Reports of 93 fatal avalanche accidents in Canada between 1972 and 1991 indicate that most of them involved dry snow slabs and were triggered by people. Slab thicknesses averaged 0.86 m and over half the slabs included snow deposited prior to the most recent storm. Two persistent microstructures of snow, namely surface hoar and faceted grains, were commonly reported in the weak layers believed to have released the overlying slabs. The people that had difficulty recognizing or evaluating instabilities involving surface hoar and faceted grains include amateur recreationists as well as professional forecasters and guides. This suggests that present field tests and forecasting techniques may be unsatis-factory for assessing the stability of slabs which overlie layers of surface hoar or faceted grains. Key words : avalanche accident, avalanche forecasting, critical weak layer, slab avalanche, snowpack microstructure, avalanche trigger.
TL;DR: The results of infiltration experiments conducted on expansive soils demonstrate several requirements and constraints to the techniques used for the study of wetting performance of such s... as mentioned in this paper, and the results of the experiments demonstrate that these requirements are satisfied.
Abstract: The results of infiltration (wetting) experiments conducted on expansive soils demonstrate several requirements and constraints to the techniques used for the study of wetting performance of such s...
TL;DR: In this article, a modified version of the spectral analysis of surface wave equipment and analysis procedure has been developed to determine in situ shear-wave velocity variation with depth from the ground.
Abstract: A modified version of the spectral analysis of surface waves (SASW) equipment and analysis procedure has been developed to determine in situ shear-wave velocity variation with depth from the ground...
TL;DR: In this paper, the applicability of the effective stress concept to dense, compacted, plastic clays is examined and a series of tests have been performed on mixtures of sand and ben...
Abstract: Uncertainty has existed about the applicability of the effective stress concept to dense, compacted, plastic clays. To examine this, a series of tests has been performed on mixtures of sand and ben...
TL;DR: In this paper, the influence of shaft to base diameter ratio and bell angle on the uplift capacity of piles with enlarged bases (or belled piers) in sand is investigated.
Abstract: Centrifugal model tests investigating the influence of shaft to base diameter ratio and bell angle on the uplift capacity of piles with enlarged bases (or belled piers) in sand are reported. Increa...
TL;DR: A sand-bentonite mix was used to form the liner of four lagoons for the La Tuque and Haute-Mauricie sewage water treatment project as mentioned in this paper.
Abstract: A sand–bentonite mix was used to form the liner of four lagoons for the La Tuque and Haute-Mauricie sewage water treatment project. This paper describes the site conditions, design, and constructio...
TL;DR: Although the Fraser River delta front supports coastal structures including ports, a lighthouse, jetties, submarine power cables, and sewage pipelines, the stability of the delta front is little un...
Abstract: Although the Fraser River delta front supports coastal structures including ports, a lighthouse, jetties, submarine power cables, and sewage pipelines, the stability of the delta front is little un...
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors present the volume change theory and the designation of associated soil properties that must be measured for unsaturated soil, and the equipment required for the measurement of each of the relevant volume relationships is described.
Abstract: The paper presents the volume change theory and the designation of associated soil properties that must be measured for an unsaturated soil. The equipment required for the measurement of each of the relevant volume relationships is described. Several testing procedures for obtaining the volume change indices during loading and unloading of an unsaturated soil are presented. Typical results from loading and unloading tests on compacted silt and compacted glacial till specimens are presented and analyzed. The analysis is given in order to illustrate the application of the volume change theory to practical problems. Key words : unsaturated soil, volume change indices, constitutive relations, coefficients of volume change, oedometer tests.
TL;DR: In recent years, dynamic compaction (DC) has become a popular method for deep improvement of loose cohesionless soils and man-made fills of disposed waste and rubble as mentioned in this paper, which is one of the main problems facing...
Abstract: In recent years dynamic compaction (DC) has become a popular method for deep improvement of loose cohesionless soils and man-made fills of disposed waste and rubble. One of the main problems facing...
TL;DR: In this article, nine case records of slope failure during the Saguenay earthquake are documented, including five in granular embankments, two in natural slopes in a granular material with small embanksments at the to...
Abstract: Nine case records of slope failure during the Saguenay earthquake are documented, including five in granular embankments, two in natural slopes in granular material with small embankments at the to...
TL;DR: Spectral analysis of surface waves (SASW) is a nondestructive and in situ method for determining the stiffness profiles of soil and pavement sites as discussed by the authors. But this method involves the generation and measureme...
Abstract: Spectral analysis of surface waves (SASW) is a nondestructive and in situ method for determining the stiffness profiles of soil and pavement sites. This method involves the generation and measureme...