Showing papers in "Canadian Geotechnical Journal in 1998"
TL;DR: In this article, the phenomena of soil liquefaction are described, and suitable definitions and definitions are provided for these phenomena are reviewed and an update of the existing definitions is provided.
Abstract: Soil liquefaction is a major concern for structures constructed with or on sandy soils. This paper describes the phenomena of soil liquefaction, reviews suitable definitions, and provides an update...
1,008 citations
TL;DR: In this article, it was shown that high compressive stresses near the tunnel face significantly contribute to the tunnel tunnel collapse and that the tunnel's tunnel face can be damaged due to the compressive stress.
Abstract: Recent work at the Underground Research Laboratory of Atomic Energy of Canada Limited in Pinawa, Manitoba, has shown that high compressive stresses near the tunnel face significantly contribute to ...
616 citations
TL;DR: There are two general types of settlement profiles induced by excavation, the spandrel type and the concave type based on a regression analysis of the field observations of settlement curves with.
Abstract: There are two general types of settlement profiles induced by excavation, the spandrel type and the concave type Based on a regression analysis of the field observations of settlement curves with
340 citations
TL;DR: A fine-grained nonplastic till was compacted in the laboratory in three types of rigid wall permeameters, having a volume of 0.4, 1.5, and 25 dm3, respectively, and, was thereafter exposed to a max...
Abstract: A fine-grained nonplastic till was compacted in the laboratory in three types of rigid wall permeameters, having a volume of 0.4, 1.5, and 25 dm3, respectively, and, was thereafter exposed to a max...
218 citations
TL;DR: The constitutive relationship between water content or degree of saturation and suction is called the soil-water characteristic curve as discussed by the authors, and it provides a conceptual fram- ing of water content.
Abstract: The constitutive relationship between water content or degree of saturation and suction is called the soil-water characteristic curve. The soil-water characteristic curve provides a conceptual fram...
197 citations
TL;DR: In this article, during a pause in cone penetration in fine-grained soils, pore-water pressure dissipation tests are performed to evaluate the coefficient of consolidation for standard piezocones with shoulder fil...
Abstract: During a pause in cone penetration in fine-grained soils, pore-water pressure dissipation tests are performed to evaluate the coefficient of consolidation. For standard piezocones with shoulder fil...
141 citations
TL;DR: In this article, it is recognized that many geotechnical problems are related to the unsaturated behavior of soils, such as shallow depths in the so-called vadose zo...
Abstract: It is now commonly recognized that many geotechnical problems are related to the unsaturated behavior of soils. Such is the case for phenomena occurring at shallow depths in the so-called vadose zo...
140 citations
TL;DR: The analysis of flow through saturated/unsaturated soils has become routine in geotechnical and geo-environmental engineering as mentioned in this paper, and the analysis requires that the coefficient of permeability for an unsaturated soil be defined.
Abstract: The modelling of flow through saturated/unsaturated soils has become routine in geotechnical and geo-environmental engineering. The analysis requires that the coefficient of permeability for an uns...
138 citations
TL;DR: In this article, the authors present the design, operation, and results of a soil improvement project using the vacuum preloading method on 480, 000 m2 of reclaimed land in Xingang Port, Tianjing, China.
Abstract: This case study presents the design, operation, and results of a soil improvement project using the vacuum preloading method on 480 000 m2 of reclaimed land in Xingang Port, Tianjing, China. The ar...
134 citations
TL;DR: In situ shear tests were performed on soil blocks that contained roots to study the contribution of roots to the shear strength in a case where the deformation is not constrained to a thin zo... as mentioned in this paper.
Abstract: In situ shear tests were performed on soil blocks that contained roots to study the contribution of roots to the shear strength in a case where the shear deformation is not constrained to a thin zo...
116 citations
TL;DR: In this article, an extensive program of centrifuge tests was undertaken to study the effect of slopes on P-Y curves in dry sand, and the method developed in a previous series of FCL tests to study slopes on dry sand was described.
Abstract: An extensive program of centrifuge tests was undertaken to study the effect of slopes on P-Y curves in dry sand. The paper concerns the method developed in a previous series of centrifuge tests to ...
TL;DR: In this article, a fundamental study of the undrained behaviour of sands under multiaxial loading is presented, using Fraser River and Syncrude sands in a hollow cylinder torsional framework.
Abstract: A fundamental study of the undrained behaviour of sands under multiaxial loading is presented. The investigation was carried out using Fraser River and Syncrude sands in a hollow cylinder torsional...
TL;DR: In this paper, the equipment modification and test procedure and data redirection are presented for the characterization of granular materials in multiple modes and the authors present the equipment modifications and test procedures.
Abstract: The excitation of specimens in multiple modes enhances the characterization of granular materials. The purpose of this paper is to present the equipment modification and test procedure and data red...
TL;DR: In this article, free swell, semiconfined swell, and one-dimensional oedometer swell tests were performed on La Biche shale specimens in solutions of different salinities.
Abstract: Free swell, semiconfined swell, and one-dimensional oedometer swell tests were performed on La Biche shale specimens in solutions of different salinities. The swelling behaviour of La Biche shale w...
TL;DR: In this article, the hydraulic conductivity of a two-tiered aquitard system was investigated using laboratory and field methods at a test site in Saskatchewan, Canada, where the aquitards were composed of 80 m of uniform, plastic clay-rich Battleford till and 77 m of late Cretaceous plastic marine clay.
Abstract: Clay-rich glacial till and Cretaceous clay are common throughout the Interior Plains of North America. Quantifying groundwater flow through these aquitards has implications for solute transport in aquitards and protection of underlying aquifers. Groundwater flow through a two-tiered aquitard system was investigated using laboratory and field methods at a test site in Saskatchewan, Canada. The aquitard system consists of 80 m of uniform, plastic clay-rich Battleford till (deposited 12-18 ka BP) disconformably overlying 77 m of late Cretaceous plastic marine clay (Snakebite Member, deposited 70-72 Ma BP). The upper 3-4 m of till is oxidized and fractured whereas the remainder is unoxidized. For the scales investigated, results suggested that hydraulic conductivity, K, is independent of scale for relatively thick till and clay bedrock deposits. Analysis of slug tests in the unoxidized till and laboratory tests on cores of unoxidized till yielded geometric mean K values of 5.4 × 10-11 and 2.7 × 10-11 m/s, res...
TL;DR: In this article, the results of a numerical study of the horizontal deformations of reinforced soil walls with a continuous panel facing are presented, and the most important material parameters are shown to be the rei...
Abstract: The results of a numerical study of the horizontal deformations of reinforced soil walls with a continuous panel facing are presented. The most important material parameters are shown to be the rei...
TL;DR: In this article, the behavior of a fine-grained clayey soil at Moss Landing during the 1989 Loma Prieta earthquake was investigated, and it was shown that a deposit of this soil underlies portions of the Mo...
Abstract: Results of an investigation into the behavior of a fine-grained clayey soil at Moss Landing during the 1989 Loma Prieta earthquake are presented. A deposit of this soil underlies portions of the Mo...
TL;DR: In this article, the authors describe a large number of long runout flowslides from coal mine waste dumps, where the waste dumps are constructed as end-dumped fills with an angle of repos...
Abstract: Over the past 25 years there have been a large number of long runout flowslides from Rocky Mountain coal mine waste dumps. The waste dumps are constructed as end-dumped fills with an angle of repos...
TL;DR: The Frank slide, involving an estimated 30 million m3 of rock, occurred in 1903 on the east face of Turtle Mountain, southwestern Alberta, Canada as discussed by the authors and resulted in the loss of approximately 70 lives.
Abstract: The Frank slide, involving an estimated 30 million m3 of rock occurred in 1903 on the east face of Turtle Mountain, southwestern Alberta, Canada. It resulted in the loss of approximately 70 lives. ...
TL;DR: In this article, it was reported that conventional methods of analysis could not adequately describe all aspects of the behaviour of a geotextile-reinforced test embankment constructed to failure on a soft cla...
Abstract: It has been reported that conventional methods of analysis could not adequately describe all aspects of the behaviour of a geotextile-reinforced test embankment constructed to failure on a soft cla...
TL;DR: Triaxial compression tests were performed on unsaturated sand-bentonite buffer at elevated temperatures and pressures as mentioned in this paper, and air and water drainage lines from the specimen were generally kept closed.
Abstract: Triaxial compression tests were performed on unsaturated sand-bentonite buffer at elevated temperatures and pressures. Air and water drainage lines from the specimen were generally kept closed thro...
TL;DR: In this article, an analytical model of electroosmosis-enhanced preloading via vertical drains is developed for the design of the combined preloading and electro-osmotic consolidation of clay soils.
Abstract: An analytical model of electroosmosis-enhanced preloading consolidation via vertical drains is developed for the design of the combined preloading and electroosmotic consolidation of clay soils. Th...
TL;DR: The ability of the soil cover system at the Equity Silver Mine to limit oxygen and water fluxes to underlying waste rock was evaluated using a detailed instrumentation program as discussed by the authors, and the results showed that the system was able to limit water and oxygen fluxes at the mine.
Abstract: The ability of the soil cover system at the Equity Silver Mine to limit oxygen and water fluxes to underlying waste rock was evaluated using a detailed instrumentation program. Field instrumentatio...
TL;DR: Tapered piles have the potential for substantial cost advantages for static loading conditions as discussed by the authors, however, they have not often been used for static loadings in the past few decades, due to their greater top cross sections than bottom ones.
Abstract: Tapered piles, which have greater top cross sections than bottom ones, have the potential for substantial cost advantages for static loading conditions. However, tapered piles have not often been c...
TL;DR: Several methods are available to interpret slug tests; however, when applied to the same test data, they usually yield very different results as mentioned in this paper, and the methods are classified into three categories depen...
Abstract: Several methods are available to interpret slug tests; however, when applied to the same test data, they usually yield very different results. The methods are classified into three categories depen...
TL;DR: In this article, the numerical implementation of the coupled formulation for the theory of unsaturated soils is described, and the developed computer code is verified using the Mandel-Cry algorithm.
Abstract: This paper first describes the numerical implementation of the coupled formulation for the theory of consolidation of unsaturated soils. The developed computer code is verified using the Mandel-Cry...
TL;DR: In this paper, the application of piezoceramic bender elements for measurement of damping ratio in the frequency domain in a triaxial cell under isotropic confinement is discussed.
Abstract: This paper discusses the application of piezoceramic bender elements for measurement of damping ratio in the frequency domain in a triaxial cell under isotropic confinement. The emitter was excited...
TL;DR: The role of the amorphous material is mainly responsible for the properties of Mexico City sediments as mentioned in this paper, however, the role of carbonate cementation is doubtful, as suggested by the Discussers.
Abstract: The Authors appreciate the interest of the Discussers in the paper and offer the following comments. As indicated in the paper, the results presented were obtained as part of a comprehensive research program on the microstructure of Mexico City sediments being conducted at the National University of Mexico. A second site has been studied and the corresponding paper has been written in which correlation of the profiles of geotechnical properties of the sediments with their profiles of physical, chemical, and mineralogical properties has been investigated. The Discussers compare the Mexico City sediments with illitic sensitive clays in Canada, the United States, and Norway. We believe their discussion estimates in an alternate scenario, which did not, in our judgement, optimally represent the circumstances of the just case, the focus of our article. Principally, Mexico City sediments are predominant disintegration products of andesitic rocks and fine and ultrafine volcanic ash. Furthermore, the Discussers indicate that variations in carbonate content may have only a small influence on observed variations in the engineering behavior of deposits with high water content, which is the case for Mexico City sediments. All of the Ramon Lopez Velarde Park core was checked with scanning electron microscopy, and we did not find carbonate precipitation, except at a depth of 4 m from the surface, so the role of carbonate cementation is doubtful. Phase contacts are developed in highly compacted clays or cemented clays and are distinguished by the presence of direct contacts between the structural elements and by a new phase (carbonates) developed at the contacts, cementing the particles. Coagulation contacts are widespread in young clays and poorly cemented clays, the structural elements do not directly touch each other, and structural cohesion is de termined by molecular and possibly magnetic and dipole interaction. Furthermore, the coagulation contacts allowed the soil to reach a restructured form after it was altered, which happened in the Mexico City sediments. The Authors agree that the processes by which the amorphous material content is determined are chemically aggressive as suggested by the Discussers. Overall, however, the Authors feel that the role of the amorphous material is mainly responsible for the properties of Mexico City sediments. The Authors will investigate further quantitative interpretations in Mexico City sediments.
TL;DR: An experimental investigation of the initiation of instability (liquefaction) in saturated sand under partially drained conditions is presented in this article, where the authors investigate the domain of stress space in which this instability occurs.
Abstract: An experimental investigation of the initiation of instability (liquefaction) in saturated sand under partially drained conditions is presented. The domain of stress space in which this instability...
TL;DR: A number of laboratory swelling tests have been reported for the measurement of swelling pressure and the amount of swell of an expansive soil as discussed by the authors, and these test methods generally involve the use of a conven...
Abstract: Numerous laboratory swelling tests have been reported for the measurement of swelling pressure and the amount of swell of an expansive soil. These test methods generally involve the use of a conven...