Showing papers in "China Report in 2006"
TL;DR: The Look East Strategy has been a cornerstone of the country's new foreign policy orientation after the end of the Cold War as discussed by the authors, which reflects a newfound inclination to look east. But, it has been criticised for its lack of flexibility.
Abstract: This article focuses upon India's Look East Strategy, which has been a cornerstone of the country's new foreign policy orientation after the end of the Cold War. It reflects a newfound inclination ...
29 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors present a joint project on twenty centuries of civilisational dialogue between India and China, called Twenty Centuries of Civilizational Interaction and Vibrations, with Professor Tan Chung.
Abstract: This is the presentation of the joint project on twenty centuries of civilisational dialogue between India and China, India and China: Twenty Centuries of Civilizational Interaction and Vibrations, with Professor Tan Chung. Chinese literature, in its gigantic historical spatiality, has captured crucial glimpses and registered innumerable milestones of the odyssey of India–China civilisational dialogue. The division of labour between me and Professor Tan Chung is—while he uses a positional approach to try to juxtapose and integrate the diachronic and synchronic contexts of historical events, I follow the ‘shu er bu zuo’ (presentation without creation) motto of Confucius. The India–China civilisational dialogue took place not between government institutions, but among the ordinary people. Information about the dialogue inevitably originated from oral sources, and was later found in written reportage in a variety of genres.
19 citations
TL;DR: In this article, the authors aim to map the process of transformation in the Korean 'developmental state' which is evolving into a new 'techno-scientific state' by focusing on the strategic role of the state in creating a distinct 'technoscientific' ethos, which has been critical in enhancing Korea's industrial competitiveness in the face of the established Japanese and the emerging Chinese challenges.
Abstract: The article aims to map the process of transformation in the Korean ‘developmental state’ which is evolving into a new ‘techno-scientific state’. In the past, the Korean ‘developmental state’ directed national economic development by decisively controlling the entire financial system. However, after successfully leading economic change for half a century, the role of the Korean state appears to be drastically diminished.The literature that deals with this issue tends to focus on the demise of the ‘developmental state’ and discusses the ‘post-developmental minimalist state’. However, it clearly ignores the strategic role of the state in creating a distinct ‘techno-scientific’ ethos, which has been critical in enhancing Korea's industrial competitiveness in the face of the established Japanese and the emerging Chinese challenges.The hypothesis is that the linkages between techno-scientific and techno-industrial progress can be firmly established only by state power because (a) market forces can push innovat...
10 citations
TL;DR: A wide-ranging survey of Chinese literature can be found in this article, where the authors examine if the ideas generated by the Greek and the Hegelian traditions are adequate or indeed relevant in the understanding and theorisation of the history of classical Chinese, or Indian for that matter, literary traditions.
Abstract: This article attempts a wide ranging survey of Chinese literature. It begins this survey with the Book of Odes or Songs and brings the story of the Chinese literature to nearly contemporary times. It leaves out the rich tradition of writing on aesthetics and literary criticism. The article concerns itself primarily with the genres of creative literature as we have come to know them in modern times. The article rasies some questions about the categories of historical analysis of literary concepts and indeed the very notion of history of literature. The basic concern of this survey is to examine if the ideas generated by the Greek and the Hegelian traditions are adequate or indeed relevant in the understanding and theorisation of the history of classical Chinese, or Indian for that matter, literary traditions. The article also briefly discusses some typical translations of classical Chinese poetry.
9 citations
TL;DR: In this article, the authors examine social problems in Chinese rural society as it undergoes economic reform and social transformations on an unprecedented scale and explore strategies and tactics that can be taken to deal with social problems.
Abstract: This article examines social problems in Chinese rural society as it undergoes economic reform and social transformations on an unprecedented scale. First is a historical review of social change in rural China under communist rule. Second is a systematic categorisation and description of social problems and their essential characteristics in rural regions. Third is an analytic explanation of rural social problems in relation to larger social structures and processes. The last part explores strategies and tactics that can be taken to deal with social problems in rural society. To preserve rural China as a peaceful living environment for the majority of the Chinese population, this article suggests that education be improved, business opportunities be created, the outflow of surplus labour be curbed, law enforcement be strengthened, governmental behaviour be regulated, grass-roots organisations be maintained, conflict resolution be promoted and self-defence be guided, across rural communities.
9 citations
TL;DR: In this article, the authors argue that although the central role of the State in developing economies is indispensable, decentralisation of decision-making authority is inevitable in the governance of territorially large societies such as the People's Republic of China (PRC).
Abstract: The premise of this article is that although the central role of the State in developing economies is indispensable, decentralisation of decision-making authority is inevitable in the governance of territorially large societies such as the People's Republic of China (PRC). A key component in the developmental experience of the PRC, as regards the two distinct models of development—Maoist and Dengist—has been a marked decentralisation of power and authority, an inevitable requirement in a territorially large and diverse country like China. The crucial point, however, is that during the Maoist and the Dengist eras, the strategies of development were distinguished by, among other features, two very distinct types of decentralisation.Whereas the Maoist developmental strategy was predominantly administrative, the Dengist strategy of decentralisation is predominantly market-driven. Besides, it is highly imperative to note that there are a great many points of departure between the Maoist and the Dengist develop...
7 citations
TL;DR: In this article, the authors analyze the three Indo-Pak wars and the India-China boundary conflict in historical and geopolitical contexts to explore whether there is a correlation between these and the formation of an entente between China and Pakistan.
Abstract: The rationale behind ‘Sino-Pak Entente Cordiale: A Look into the Past and Future’ is to stimulate reflection and open debate on this sensitive topic. The article analyses the three Indo-Pak wars and the India–China boundary conflict in historical and geopolitical contexts to explore whether there is a correlation between these and the formation of an entente between China and Pakistan. The resulting perspectives have been further supported by China's military assistance to Pakistan, the nuclear and missile proliferation in the subcontinent as well as the terrorist attack on the Indian Parliament. In conclusion, the general framework of the article helps us to understand the fact that India–Pakistan military engagement continues to serve Chinese strategic interest regionally as well as globally. Therefore, for India, the policy of engagement with both Pakistan and China on all fronts including trade and commerce is the best option—for the policy of engagement has been successful in mellowing down the tensi...
6 citations
TL;DR: The history of trade along the Indo-Tibetan border in Himachal Pradesh has a long history with the first state intervention in trade recorded over three hundred years ago as mentioned in this paper.
Abstract: Trade along the Indo-Tibetan border in Himachal Pradesh has a long history with the first state intervention in trade recorded over three hundred years ago. Colonial mercantile interests, the polit...
5 citations
TL;DR: With the rise of India and China to potential great power status, there is now talk of the United States, India, and China being the three poles in the international system of 2050 as mentioned in this paper.
Abstract: With the rise of India and China to potential great power status, there is now talk of the United States, India and China being the three poles in the international system of 2050. This article arg...
5 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors present an empirical study of the evolution of income disparities in rural China across 24 provinces for 1980-2004, using data on rural net incomes, rural living expenditures and rural expenditures on food to study the trends in inter-provincial disparities.
Abstract: This article presents an empirical study of the evolution of income disparities in rural China across 24 provinces for 1980–2004. Provincial data on rural net incomes, rural living expenditures and rural expenditures on food are used to study the trends in inter-provincial disparities. Direct statistical measures of dispersion estimated from this data and adjusted for price differentials across provinces and across time, reveal an uneven but sustained increase in inter-provincial rural inequalities. With rural economic growth positively associated with overall provincial growth in the entire period as well as most sub-periods, the gaps in per capita incomes as well as consumption expenditure including expenditures on food across provinces have widened. Divergences across provinces, however, are fewer and show tendencies of reduction during phases of income growth. The findings, placed against the background of the large literature on the subject of inequality in China, provide support to the view that the...
5 citations
TL;DR: The establishment of full diplomatic relations in January 1992 between the People's Republic of China and the State of Israel did not follow the normal pattern in that if did not result in a signif...
Abstract: The establishment of full diplomatic relations in January 1992 between the People's Republic of China and the State of Israel did not follow the normal pattern in that if did not result in a signif...
TL;DR: In this article, the authors seek to unravel the various dimensions in which development has taken place in the two countries and present a survey of the development in India and China in the last few decades.
Abstract: Both India and China have grown impressively in recent years. This article seeks to unravel the various dimensions in which development has taken place in the two countries. The first section discu...
TL;DR: The Western Development Programme (WDP) as discussed by the authors is a strategic project for China's sustainable development in the twenty-first century, which focuses on exploration of natural resources, on protecting and restoring the environment, and expanding the social economy in order to eliminate poverty and remove the disparity between the East and the West.
Abstract: The Western Development Programme is a strategic project for China's sustainable development in the twenty-first century. It focuses on exploration of natural resources, on protecting and restoring the environment, and expanding the social economy in order to eliminate poverty and remove the disparity between the East and the West. Known as the ‘Water Tower’ of Asia, Yunnan province enjoys geographical advantages over eleven other western provinces due to its bountiful natural resources. Given that China has entered the World Trade Organization (WTO), it is of tremendous importance for Yunnan to seize the opportunity, and properly explore and protect its water resources so as to promote its social and economic development.
TL;DR: In this article, the authors explore the complex issues by tracing the background of China's attitude towards Taiwan both during Mao's rule as well as in the post-Mao period, as well and its...
Abstract: The issue of the ‘one-China’ policy as well as the dispute over conflicting claims of ownership of the South China Sea islands has had a mixed effect on the relations between China and ASEAN. Profound changes in the political and economic system of China and its consequent impact on Taiwan–China relations as well as the institutionalisation of security related issues in Sino-ASEAN relations has generated various opinions among scholars and policy makers regarding the eventual outcome of the China-Taiwan problem. The mid-1990s saw some belligerent moves on the part of China both in the Taiwan straits and in the South China Sea islands. These unresolved issues are of continuing concern for neighbouring countries especially those part of the ASEAN with regard to peaceful and cordial relations between the ASEAN states and China. This article aims to explore these complex issues by tracing the background of China's attitude towards Taiwan both during Mao's rule as well as in the post-Mao period, as well as its...
TL;DR: In this paper, a brief assessment of Sino-Philippine economic relations in the context of the CAFTA was made, and the changing attitudes of Philippine official and business sectors toward the CA-FTA were explored.
Abstract: This article examines Philippine perspectives on the CAFTA and explores the reasons why Philippine official and business circles are not willing to accept the CAFTA concept. It makes a brief assessment of Sino-Philippine economic relations in the context of the CAFTA, and also illustrates the changing attitudes of Philippine official and business sectors toward the CAFTA.
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors tried to understand what the position of the Chinese Government is on the issue of international terrorism and how through official papers, releases and writings they endorse it.
Abstract: The literature on terrorism appears to be burdened by a continuing and often acrimonious debate over its definition and nature. The 9/11 incident demonstrates that terrorism in today's world tends to be multi-faceted. All states use force or at least accept the use of force as legitimate in international relations. As such, the use of force per se cannot be the decisive factor in any study of terrorism. A better way might be to look into the actual practice or position of various states in generally accepted cases involving terrorism. The purpose of this short paper is to try and understand what the position of the Chinese Government is on the issue of international terrorism and how through official papers, releases and writings they endorse it. This is important and even necessary because just as there are elements of subjectivity, predilections, particularity, etc., international practices also contribute towards the formulations of a definite understanding of terrorism.
TL;DR: In this article, the authors present a joint project on twenty centuries of civilisational dialogue between India and China, including the 20th century of interaction and vibrations between the two countries.
Abstract: This is the presentation of the joint project on twenty centuries of civilisational dialogue between India and China, India and China: Twenty Centuries of Civilizational Interaction and Vibrations, with Professor Geng Yinzeng. The ‘Clash of Civilisations’ and ‘Civilisational Dialogue’ marks the major difference between the historical development of the Western and Eastern Hemispheres. In the West, Clash of Civilisations seems to have never ended since the emergence of ancient Egypt and Babylon. But, there has never been a Clash of Civilisations in the Eastern Hemisphere thanks to the dominance of India and China as well as their mutual interactions and vibrations throughout history. Ancient civilisations in the West pursue a ‘face-to-face’ relationship with each other. Under the impact of hegemony, each civilisation aspires to be ‘on top of the world’, striving to destroy its rival. In the East, India and China never underwent such a course vis-a-vis each other and pursue a ‘back-to-back’ relationship. Th...
TL;DR: In this article, the authors examined the characteristics of the United States' discriminatory protection measures, especially the antidumping (AD) duties, against China and found that China has been the most significant target of US trade protectionism in terms of the absolute number as well as the intensity of measures.
Abstract: The article examines the characteristics of the United States’ (US) discriminatory protection measures, especially the antidumping (AD) duties, against China. China has been the most significant target of US trade protectionism in terms of the absolute number as well as the intensity of measures. There exists a positive relationship between the US bilateral trade deficit and the increase in the number of its discriminatory trade protection measures against China. US AD decisions against China have been led by the chemical industry, followed by the iron and steel industry. It is expected that the number of US discriminatory trade protection measures against the Chinese textile products will increase in the coming years, since the ten-year phase-out of the Multi-Fibre Arrangement (MFA) was completed at the end of 2004. Since discriminatory trade restrictions are costly in terms of the welfare of the concerned countries, it would be necessary for them to apply stricter regulations regarding the discriminator...
TL;DR: A brief survey of the geopolitical impediments to development in the Democratic People's Republic of Korea (DPRK) can be found in this article, where the main issues in the DPRK's developmental strategy are state/regime survival and resource allocation.
Abstract: This article will engage in a brief survey of the geopolitical impediments to development in the Democratic People's Republic of Korea (DPRK). One cannot comprehend the present without understanding the thread which runs from the past to the present. Even a perfunctory knowledge of regional geography will highlight that the DPRK lies at the intersection of China–Russia–Japan and US interests. The central issues in the DPRK's developmental strategy are (1) state/regime survival and (2) resource allocation. In its earliest days the administration of Kim Il Sung was bedevilled by two alternative factions within the Workers Party: the Irkutsk faction beholden to the patronage of the USSR, which opted for and lost a leadership struggle in 1955, and the Yan'an faction of Chinese-oriented veterans. Once Kim Il Sung's power was consolidated, the primary adversary was and remains the United States and its ally Japan. Cumulatively both of these historical experiences have resulted in a total distortion of resource ...
TL;DR: In the first three rounds no substantial progress was achieved, and only in the fourth round was a "breakthrough" claimed when North Korea declared its intention to abandon its nuclear program as mentioned in this paper.
Abstract: Four rounds of the Six-Party talks to resolve the North Korean nuclear issue have taken place so far. In the first three rounds no substantial progress was achieved, and only in the fourth round was a ‘breakthrough’ claimed when North Korea declared its intention to abandon its nuclear programme. North Korea, at the same time, emphasised its right to peaceful use of nuclear energy and the Light Water Reactors that had been promised in the Nuclear Accord of 1994 between North Korea and the US. The process of negotiations has so far been predicated on mutual mistrust and lack of understanding of the threat perception of each other. A close scrutiny of the ‘breakthrough’ of the fourth round of talks reveals that there still is not any consensus on the main contentious issues. To move ahead, it must be recognised that the process of negotiations has been following a wave-like movement in which the fourth round constitutes a crest. Rather than resorting to coercive measures, more confidence building measures s...