Showing papers in "Chinese journal of clinical psychology in 2000"

The Chinese Norm and Factor Analysis of PANSS

Abstract: To establish Chinese norms and factor structure of PANSS in schizophrenic patients. Methods: PANSS was administered to 190 schizophrenic patients of different subtypes and courses of illness, sampled from 11 psychiatric institutions in China. The PANSS raw scores were transferred into T score and Percentile. Principal component analysis was used to examine the factor structure. Results: The subscale scores of PANSS were normally distributed. Factor analysis resulted in a five-factor model: negative, cognitive, positive, excitement, and anxiety/depression. Correlation between the five factors and the total score ranged from 0.27 to 0.76. Correlation with corresponding factors reported by Kay et al., was above 0.83. Conclusion: The PANSS subscale scores were normally distributed, resulting in compatible percentile values reported by the original author. The five-factor model was supported by existing research, showing good consistency and interpretability.

Application of Rey-Osterrieth Complex Figure Test in Chinese Normal Old People

Abstract: Objective: To evaluate the applicability, reliability and validity of the Rey-Osterrieth Complex Figure Test (CFT)in Chinese normal elderly. Methods: A total of 111 normal elderly were assessed by the CFT (Form A) and the mini-mental state examination (MMSE). Among these subjects, 40 were also administered the CFT (Form B), the Block Design and the Visual Reproduction tests. Results: No significant difference was found between CFT (Form A) and CFT (Form B) with respect to copy, delayed recall and recognition. Recall performance was related to copying strategy and level of organization. Details of accuracy and their respective placement were evaluated in both copy and delayed recall trials for CFT (Form A). Conclusion: As a measure for visual-spatial constructional ability and visual memory, the CFT (Form A B) was assessed to be psychometrically reliable and valid to be used in normal Chinese elderly.

Preliminary Development of Coping Style Scale for Middle School Students

Abstract: Objective: To develop a coping style scale for middle school students. Methods: According to regional distribution of the Zhejiang province, 1870 middle school students were sampled from 6 cities. The Coping Style Scale was developed for evaluation of its reliability and validity. Results: The Cronbach's α was 0.92;the test-retest reliability was 0.89; the results of factor analysis showed satisfactory construction validity. Conclusion: The Coping Style Scale for Middle School Students attained satisfactory reliability and validity when applied to middle school students.

Validation of Index of Well-being in a Sample of Chinese College Students

Abstract: Objective:To evaluate psychometric properties of the Index of Well-being in a sample of Chinese college students. Methods: A total of 629 subjects were administered the Index of Well-being, State-Trait Anxiety Inventory, and Symptom Checklist-90. Results: Significant gender difference was found on the index of well-being. There was also significant correlation between index of well-being and negative emotionality. Index of Well-being was negatively correlated with factor scores of emotionality including state anxiety, trait anxiety, and SCl-90-depression. Conclusion:The "Index of Well-being”is psychometrically sound for application to Chinese college students.

Anxiety and Depression in Pregnant Women

Abstract: To investigate levels of anxiety and depression in pregnant women. Methods: The STAI, SAS and SDS were used for rating the second and third trimester pregnant women and a group of controls. Results: There was no significant difference between the two groups on either the factor score or total score of STAI and SAS (p0.05). On the other hand, significant group difference was shown on both the factor score and total score of SDS (p0.01). Conclusion: Pregnant women experienced higher levels of depression than controls.

Correlation among General Self-Efficacy,Trait Anxiety,State Anxiety and Test Anxiety

Abstract: Objective: To examine relationships of general perceived self-efficacy with trait anxiety, state anxiety, and test anxiety. Methods: A sample of 401 college students were administrated the General Self-Efficacy Scale and two other inventories assessing trait anxiety, state anxiety and testing anxiety. Results: The scores of Chinese male and female college students in the General Self-Efficacy Scale were closely comparable to scores of other Asian samples. General self-efficacy negatively correlated with trait anxiety (r=-0.301), state anxiety (r=-0.422) and test anxiety (r=-0.253). Conclusion: As predicted, there was a negative relationship between general self-efficacy and various measures of anxiety.

The Subjective Well-being of the Elderly and Its Influential Factors

Abstract: To explore the influence of personality and other variables on the subjective well-being of the elderly. Methods:A total of 346 urban elderly was sampled. The indices of subjective well-being were positive affection, negative affection and general life satisfaction. Influential factors were about general variables, personality, family, work, retirement, housing, health, income, interests and activities, totally 9 domains. Results:(1) In multi-variable stepwise regression analysis, the β values of the extraversion on the positive, negative affections were 0.3845 and -0.1975 separately, and the β values of the neroticism on the positive affection, negative affection and total life satisfaction were -0.1358, 0.6260 and -0.2320 separately. (2) Other than personality, marriage quality(β=0.1821), interests(β=0.1271) and worry about children(β=-0.1042) had independent effects on positive affection, and sex(β=-0.1722), education(β=-0.1218), retirement stress (β=0.1049) and intersts (β=-0.1027) on negative affection, and marriage quality (β=0.3722), work stress (β=-0.2379), residence envionment (β=0.1857) and income (β=0.1346) on satisfaction. Conclusion: Personality was the most powerful influential factor on the subjective well-being of the elderly, different dimension of personality had different effects on distinguished aspects of well-being, and many factors exert their effects on well-being through personality.

Validity and Reliability of Chinese Version of Alzheimer's Disease Assessment Scale

Abstract: To evaluate the validity and reliability of the Chinese version of Alzheimer's Disease Assessment Scale (ADAS). Methods: According to the criteria of NINCDS ADRDA, 20 patients diagnosed as probable cases of Alzheimer's disease, were studied. Two raters, informed of the diagnosis and blind to each other, were asked to score the ADAS, MMSE, ADL and the Blessed Roth Rating Scale (BRRS) independently. Correlational analysis was applied for examining reliability and internal consistency. Results: For all items, the values of kappa for inter-rater reliability were above 0.75 (p0.05). The scores of the items in the ADAS-Cog were correlated with each other significantly (p0.01), whereas no significant correlation was found between most of the items in the ADAS-NCog. There were significant differences of the total scores of ADAS-Cog, ADAS-NCog and ADAS between subgroups with different ratings of GDS. The total score of the ADAS-Cog was negatively correlated with that of MMSE (r=0.803,p0.01), and positively correlated with that of ADL and BRS (r=0.463,p0.05 and r=0.458, p0.05,respectively). The total score of ADAS was negatively correlated with that of MMSE (r=0.778, p0.01), and positively correlated with that of BRS(r=0.448, p0.01). Conclusion: ADAS was useful as a clinical instrument to evaluate the severity of Alzheimer's disease.

Mental Health Hotline Services in Shanghai between 1995 and 1999

Abstract: Objective: To examine recent change of hotline counselling services in Shanghai. Method: 1000 callers in 1995 and 1305 callers in 1999 were compared with respect to their personal backgrounds, presenting problems, and intervention methods, etc. Results: While psychiatric disorders constituted the major proportion of cases for hotline counselling (36.1% in 1999), emotional problems showed a fast growing trend from 20.3% in 1995 to 31.5% in 1999. Conclusion: The change in the major problems presented for hotline counselling in Shanghai has been in keeping with the characteristics of social development, as well as the nature of hotline services.

Correlation between Self-esteem and Mental Health of the Secondary Normal School Students

Abstract: To examine the correlation between self-esteem and mental health in secondary normal school students. Methods: Scores on the Self-esteem Scale (SES) and SCL-90 from a sample of 333 students were analyzed. Results: Significant correlation coefficients between scores on the two scales were obtained. Conclusion: The mental health of secondary normal school students was significantly related to their self-esteem.

Quality of Life and Factors that Influence It among Cancer Patients in China

Abstract: To evaluate the quality of life and factors influencing it by using QLQ-C30 in a sample of cancer patients, and to assess the impact of diseases and treatment methods on patients' life. Methods: 289 adult cancer patients completed the QLQ-C30 questionnaire before, during, and after treatment, respectively. Results: The scores of all the subscales of QLQ-C30 were lowest when patients were receiving treatment in the course of therapy. The first three factors of influence were disease and therapy, emotion, and economic and cost. Conclusion: The worst status of quality of life in cancer patients occurred when patients were receiveing treatment. Economic status and cost played an important role in the quality of life of cancer patients.

The Relationship between Adolescents’ Attributional Style and Parenting

Abstract: To study the relationship between attributional style and parenting in adolescents. Methods: 269 adolescents were asked to complete the CASQ and EMBU. Results: Comparing to adolescents with optimistic attributional style, those with pessimistic style recalled less parental warmth, more rejection from mother and punishment from father. Girls with pessimistic style recalled more punishment from mother; no significant correlation was found between adolescents' pessimistic attribution and parental overprotection. Conclusion: The study provided clear evidence for a strong relationship between attributional style and parenting in adolescents.

Early Neuropsychological Assessment and Differential Diagnosis of Dementia

Abstract: Neuropsychology contributes significantly to the diagnosis of dementia. Cognitive deficits can be detected several years prior to the clinical diagnosis of dementia. This review focuses on the diagnosis of dementia, using neuropsycholoical assessment and early neuropsychological characteristics of different dementia syndromes.

A Comparing Study between Draw-A-Person Test and C-WISC

Abstract: To study the cross-validity of Draw-A-Person Test.methods: We administered both of Draw-A-Person Test and C-WISC in a children's sample(n=32).Results: The Children obtained average IQ from Draw-A-Person Test significantly lower than average FIQ from C-WISC ( P 0.001).The correlation coefficients between IQ of Draw-A-Person Test and VIQ, PIQ and FIQ of C-WISC were 0.208, 0.313 and 0.351.Conclusion:Draw-A-Person Test is not a good equipment for evaluation the intellectual levels of children.

The Development of the Chinese Adolescent Life Events Checklist

Abstract: To develop an instrument for measuring stress in Chinese adolescents. Methods: The Chinese Adolescent Life Events Checklist (CALECH) was developed and its reliability and validity were examined. Results: The test-retest reliability was 0.79 and criterion-related validity was 0.54. The prediction validity of CALECH was better than that of Coddington Life Event Record (CLER) when applied to Chinese adolescents. In addition, subjective weighting scoring produced higher predictive validity than Abstract weighting scoring. Conclusion: The Chinese Adolescent Life Events Checklist was demonstrated satisfactory reliability and validity when applied to Chinese adolescents in China.

A Study on the Basic Personality Traits of Juvenile Criminals and Related Factors

Abstract: Objective: To explore the basic personality traits of juvenile criminals with respect to crime types, areas of residence, and structures of family. Methods: This study involved administering the “EPQ-C” and a self-designed questionnaire to 379 male juvenile criminals aged from 13 to 15 years. Results: As compared to the normal samples, the juvenile criminals obtained significantly higher scores on the dimensions of E and N, but lower scores on the dimension of L. The juvenile criminals committing different types of crime also differed significantly in their scores on the dimensions of P, L and N. Further, there were significantly different scores on the dimension of P and L between juvenile criminals living in urban and rural areas. Finally, scores on the dimension of N was found to be significantly different in juvenile criminals with single parents. Conclusion: The basic personality traits of the juvenile criminal are: extroversion, restless, hard to self-control, unsteady emotion, weak defensive mechanism, as well as comparatively low mental maturity and credulity. These personality traits are significantly linked with important factors of crime types, areas of residence and integrity of family.

Mental Health Status of Patients with Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma

Abstract: To study the mental health of patients with nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC). Methods: SCL-90, SAS and SDS were applied to inpatients with NPC (60 case), inpatients with hepatitis (30 case) and healthy people (30 cases). Results: ① Compared with healthy people, patients with NPC showed significantly higher scores in all but social sensitivity, hostility, paranoia and psychiatric domains in SCL-90. The total score, postive record number, depression and anxiety scores in NPC patients were significantly higher than those in patients with hepatitis. ②The prevalence of depression and anxiety in NPC group were significantly higher than those in the two control groups. Conclusion: Patients with NPC had more psychiatric symptoms and poorer mental health. Psychological intervention was important in the treatment of NPC.

The Reliability and Validity of Cognitive Abilities Screening Instrument C-2.0 Used in Elderly People in Chengdu

Abstract: To assess the reliability and validity of Cognitive Abilities Screening Instrument C-2.0 (CASI C-2.0). Methods:807 persons aged from 55 to 100 years were evaluated with CASI C-2.0. Results:CASI C-2.0 has excellent reliability. On validity, comparing with MMSE, CASI C-2.0 has a better specificity, and a same sensitivity. Conclusion: CASI C-2.0 has excellent reliability and validity. It is worthy to be applied for both clinical and epidemiological surveys

Relationship between Mental Health and Self-confidence, Self-respect and Self-efficiency in College Students

Abstract: Objective: To understand the relationship between mental health, self-confidence, self-respect and self-efficiency in college students Methods: 173 college students in grade 2 were assessed on the Scl-90, PEI, SES and SEI Results: 3237% students suffered from low to medium levels of mental health problem Those with mental health problem also had low scores on self-confidence, self-respect and self-efficiency Conclusion: There is a significant relationship of mental health with self-confidence, self-respect and self-efficiency

Relationship between Self-concept and Mental Health in Middle School Students

Abstract: To explore the relationship between self-concept and mental health. Methods:398 middle school students were tested by SCL-90 and Song-Hattie Self-concept Scale. Results: The correlation coefficients between the total score of SCL-90 and academic self-concept, non-academic self concept and total self concept were -0.22, -0.21 and -0.23 respectively. Conclusion: Self concept was significantly correlated with mental health in middle school students.

Dynamic Changing of Cognitive Function of Community Elderly People

Abstract: Objective:To examine patterns of cognitive deterioration associated with normal aging and dementia. Methods: Using a cohort design, we assessed the same community sample of elderly by a Chinese version of Mini-Mental Status Examination (MMSE) at 5-year intervals over a period of 10 years from 1987 to 1997. The subjects in this study were those who were diagnosed as non-dementia in the first and second surveys in 1987 and 1992, according to the DSM-Ⅲ-R criteria. All subjects were divided into dementia group (n=124) and non-dementia group (n=1 079 cases) according to the diagnosis of the last survey in 1997. Total MMSE scores were compared between the two groups for the first 5 years (1987～1992), second 5 years (1992～1997), and the first 10 years (1987-1997). Results: While the MMSE scores showed very limited decline in cognitive functions for the non-dementia group; there was marked deterioration in cognitive functions for the dementia group. The MMSE scores were affected by a range of demographic factors including gender and levels of education. It was also found that the dementia group tended to have lower premorbid levels of cognitive functioning. Conclusion: Significant group differences in MMSE scores across the assessment intervals suggested different courses of cognitive change in normal aging and dementia.

Compared Study of Event-related Potentials in Lie Detection between Subjects for Simulated Crime Condition and Subjects for Visiting Condition

Abstract: To assess the effect of subjects for visiting condition on accurate of lie detection Methods: 30 healthy undergraduates were chosen as subjects among which 10 subjects for the simulated criminal condition were required to participate in the whole criminal process, 10 subjects for visiting condition just have ever been to the simulated spot, and 10 subjects as controls The stimuli were 8 criminal-related photos and 32 unrelated photos which were repeated 5 times and randomly appeared on the screen Chosen one photo as a target The subjects were requited to press the left button while the target appeared P300 were recorded from Fz, Cz Pz Results: The amplitudes and area of P300 to the related photos in the simulated condition were larger than those in visiting condition and the controls (P0001), there was no difference between the last two condition (P01) Discrimination analysis was used and the correct rate of distinguish was 100% Conclusion: The result further proved the feasibility of using P300 as a good index for the lie detection

An Analysis of the Results of Test Anxiety Inventory in Hunan Area

Abstract: To evaluate the test anxiety of students in Hunan area Methods: The Test Anxiety Inventory (TAI) was used to study 1 000 senior middle school students, and the results was compared with those of Shanghai and American students Results: The total score of TAI of female students was higher than that of male students, but there was no grade difference in Hunan Hunan students had significantly less test anxiety than Shanghai and American students Conclusion: Test anxiety exhibited gender and cultural differences

A Study on Quality of Life of Chronic Hepatitis B Inpatients and Its Related Factors

Abstract: Objective: To investigate the quality of life of chronic hepatitis B inpatients and its relevant contributing factors. Methods: The SF-36 quality of life questionnaire was administrated to 76 chronic hepatitis B inpatients, 76 chronic hepatitis B outpatients and 76 normal controls. Additional measures including Zung's Self-rating Anxiety Scale, Zung's Self-rating Depression Scale, Wallston's Multidimensional Health Locus of Control Scale, Vitaliano's Coping Checklist, and Social Support Scale were administrated to the chronic hepatitis B inpaitents. Results: The quality of life of chronic hepatitis B inpatients was reduced when compared with normal controls and outpatients of chronic hepatitis B in most of the domains assessed. The scores of anxiety and depression were found to be negatively correlated with scores of quality of life for all domains. The scores of self-blame and imagination, the hide the fact coping styles, and opportunistic locus of control were negatively correlated with scores on the mental health domain of quality of life. Conclusion: The quality of life of chronic hepatitis B inpatients was significantly reduced as compared to normal controls and outpatients. Psychosocial factors constitute the major determinants for quality of life.

Psychotherapy on Negative Emotions of Coronary Heart Disease and Its Clinical Implications

Abstract: Objective: To investigate the effects of comprehensive psychotherapy on negative emotions of CHD subjects and to explore its clinical implications Methods: 56 cases with CHD were divided into psychotherapy and non-psychotherapy groups The scores of SAS,SDS,SAQ and clinical outcome were compared within and between the two groups Results: The scores of SAS and SDS of the psychotherapy group were significantly lower than the control group, while the SAQ scores and clinical outcome were significantly higher than the control group Conclusion: Comprehensive psychotherapy could significantly lower the degree of negative emotions and improves clinical outcome, physical function and quality of life in CHD patients

Research on the Correlation between the Self-concept and Behavior Disorder in the Secondary School Students

Abstract: Objective:To examine the correlation between self-concept and behavior disorder of secondary school students. Methods: Using the Piers-Harris Children’s Self-concept Scale (PHCSS) and the Achenbach cllildren Behavior checklist(CBCL,used by parents),a sample of 362 secondary school students at an average age of 15.1 were tested. Results: Analysis by SPSS showed significant positive correlation between self-concept and social abilities (p.001). By contrast, significant negative correlations were found between self-concept and various measures of behavior disorders. Students with different levels of self-concept demonstrated different degrees of behavior disorder.Conclusion: Behavior disorders of secondary school students were influenced by their self-concept,as well as other significant factors including intelligence, school,anxiety,gregariousness and satisfaction.

Jinyi Psychomotor Test Battery(JPB): A General Report

Abstract: To provide the method and standard for measuring psychomotor ability and to estimate the prevalence of subcretins. Methods:JPB includes seven subtests. Stratified sampling was used according to population distribution in six districts in China. Results:The normal samples selected from 16 provinces were composed of 1 690 children living in urban and 1 742 in rural areas. These children were divided into 8 groups aged 7～14 years and the gender ration was 1∶1. Reliability and validity were calculatd and the coefficients of retest reliability reached 0.45 to 0.96 4 months later. The cumulative contribution rate reached 67.8%. A four factors model was established based on varmax likelyhood and varmax rotation method. The raw scores increased at successive ages with significant difference ( P 0.05). Some of the clinical reports proved that JPB had good discrimination. Conclusion:JPB is a satisfactory tool for measuring psychomotor ability. It can be applied not only in subcretin, but can also be used to detect brain damage.

An Analysis on the Related Factors of the Social Ability of Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder

Abstract: Objective:To explore the related factors of the social ability of Obsessive-Compulsive DisorderMethod: Thirty-six outpatients with Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder were tested with symptom Checklist 90,Social Disability scale,Social Support ScaleResults: With multiple regression analysis we found that the main related factors was depressionConclusion: The long uncured patients suffered easily from depression symptom or made depression symptom severer,depression symptom spoiled serverly to social ability

Study on Personality,Loneliness and Family Factors of Depressive Patients

Abstract: Objective: To study the personality, loneliness and family factors of depressive patients. Methods: 51 depressive patients and 52 controls were assessed with Beck Depression Inventory, UCLA Loneliness Scale, Cattell-16PF and Family Environment Scale. Results: The scores of depression group in L,O,Q4 of 16PF were obviously higher than those of the controls, whereas the scores in C,G,N,Q3 of 16PF were lower. On the Familiy Environment scale, the score on Conflict in family of depression group was significantly higher, whereas the scores on Cohesion, Expressiveness, Achievement Orientation, Intellectual-Cultural Orientation, Active-Recreational Orientation, Moral-Religious Emphasis and Organization were significantly lower. In the depression group, the scores in BDI and UCLA were obviously higher than those of the control group. Conclusion: Depression was related to personality characteristics. The living quality of depressed family is lower than that in the control group.

Test-Retest Stability of the Chinese Intelligence Scale for Young Children (CISYC) in a Normal Sample

Abstract: To explore the test-retest stability of the Chinese Intelligence Scale for Young Children (CISYC) with different intervals. Methods: 19 boys and 18 girls (mean age=53.8 months) were tested with CISYC with a mean test-retest interval of 13.6, 90.3 and 181.7 days. Results: Stability coefficients were 0.79, 0.75 and 0.87 for Verbal-Comprehension/Generalization Intelligence Quotient (V-C/G IQ), Space-Cognition/Reasoning Intelligence Quotient (S-P/R IQ) and Full Scale Quotient (FIQ) after 2 weeks; 0.75, 0.84 and 0.88 for V-C/G IQ, S-P/R IQ and FIQ after 3 months; and 0.76, 0.79 and 0.90 for V-C/G IQ, S-P/R IQ and FIQ after 6 months. On the retest, mean improvement was 4.06, 2.97 and 4.22 points for V-C/G IQ, S-P/R IQ, S-P/R IQ and FIQ after 2 weeks. 3.11, 5.38 and 4.92 points for V-C/G IQ, S-P/R IQ and FIQ after 3 months, and 4.46, 6.79 and 6.27 points for V-C/G IQ, S-P/R IQ and FIQ interval 6 months respectively. Conclusion: CISYC was stable within at least six months in measuring children's intelligence.