Showing papers in "Chinese journal of population, resources and environment in 2004"
TL;DR: The Task Force on Circular Economy & Cleaner Production (CETF) of the 3rd phase of the China Council of International Cooperation on Environment and Development (CCICED) was established in January 2002.
Abstract: take the circular economy approach for new industrialization and sustainable development, the Task Force on Circular Economy & Cleaner Production (CETF) of the 3rd phase of the China Council of International Cooperation on Environment and Development (CCICED) was established in January 2002. The mission of CETF is to: conduct investigation and research on effective strategies with which China can promote circular economy and cleaner production (CE&CP); and to provide strategic recommendation for implementing CE&CP in China.
14 citations
TL;DR: In this article, the authors introduce the recent appearance of a circular economy in such industrialized countries as Germany and Japan and outline its concept and principles, emphasizing that the circular economy should become the breakthrough point for sustainable development and will enable a shift to a sustainable society of "doing less with less" away from the current high-consumption society of doing more with more.
Abstract: This paper introduces the recent appearance of a circular economy in such industrialized countries as Germany and Japan and outlines its concept and principles. The author emphasizes that a circular economy should become the breakthrough point for sustainable development and will enable a shift to a sustainable society of “doing less with less” away from the current high-consumption society of “doing more with more”
11 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors propose a conceptual framework for understanding human development potentials, based on an investigation of the meaning of development, the neo-classical economic approach to development, and the post-welfarist theory of development.
Abstract: Based on an investigation of the meaning of development, the neo-classical economic approach to development, and the post-welfarist theory of development, this paper proposes a conceptual framework for understanding human development potentials, while undertaking empirical analysis using cross-sectional and time series data on human development. Human development is associated with basic necessities for subsistence, the quality of life, and political and civil rights, in addition to income indicators. Our analysis suggests that the concept of human development potentials has two dimensions: the rights of development and limits to human development. Both are largely ignored in the neoclassical theory of development. However, human development is not unbounded, which approaches to a relatively fixed constant at given economic, technological and institutional conditions. This conceptual understanding is supported by results from the empirical examination of the relationships between demands for carb...
10 citations
TL;DR: Wang et al. as discussed by the authors proposed a method of identifying forest types based on vegetation indices, because the contrast of absorbing red waveband with reflecting near-infrared waveband strongly for different vegetation types is recognized as the theoretic basis of vegetation analysis with remote sensing.
Abstract: Spectral feature of forest vegetation with remote sensing techniques is the research topic all over the world, because forest plays an important role in human beings' living environment. Research on vegetation classification with vegetation index is still very little recently. This paper proposes a method of identifying forest types based on vegetation indices, because the contrast of absorbing red waveband with reflecting near-infrared waveband strongly for different vegetation types is recognized as the theoretic basis of vegetation analysis with remote sensing. Vegetation index is highly related to leaf area index, absorbed photosynthetically active radiation and vegetation cover. Vegetation index reflects photosynthesis intensity of plants and manifests different forest types. According to reflectance data of forest canopy and soil line equation NIR=1.506R+0.0076 in Jingyuetan, Changchun of China, many vegetation indices are calculated and analyzed. The result shows that the relationships bet...
9 citations
TL;DR: In this article, the authors draw together the broad range of elements involved within a consistent framework, based on a computable dynamic general equilibrium model with an overlapping generation structure, and demonstrate that the alternative schemes for the benefit rate, retirement age and technological progress are likely to be beneficial, and that an obvious slowdown in the growth of living standards is likely to avoid.
Abstract: According to the United Nations population projections, the population of the elderly is expected to roughly triple in China from 2000 to 2050, particularly when the generations who were born between the 1950s and 1970s move through the age structure, and also because people are living longer and fertility rates have fallen, population aging is expected to put pressure on government's fiscal balance through higher old-age security benefits and health-care expenditures. This work draws together the broad range of elements involved within a consistent framework, based on a computable dynamic general equilibrium model with an overlapping generation structure. Further analysis using model simulation illustrates that the alternative schemes for the benefit rate, retirement age and technological progress are likely to be beneficial, and that an obvious slow-down in the growth of living standards is likely to be avoided.
7 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, after the review of equity between individuals, market and non-market attributes of emissions rights are distinguished and discussed, based on the argument of equal per capita emissions rights and the concept of minimum emissions rights as social security.
Abstract: As a complicated concept with ethical implications, equity or fairness in the field of climate change mitigation concerns the relations not only between individual human beings but also between human beings and the nature. In this paper, after the review of equity between individuals, market and non-market attributes of emissions rights are distinguished and discussed. Based on the argument of equal per capita emissions rights, three types of emissions rights and the concept of minimum emissions rights as social security are proposed.
7 citations
TL;DR: The concept of carrying capacity is derived from ecology, with widespread contentions of its theoretical connotations and applications in the international academic community, especially the impact of human activities on the environment as mentioned in this paper.
Abstract: The concept of carrying capacity is derived from ecology, with widespread contentions of its theoretical connotations and applications in the international academic community, especially the impact of human activities on the environment. Disputes on carrying capacity have been occurring not only among biologists and ecologists, but also among mainstream economists. Based on their efforts, the author makes an attempt to describe its origin, connotations, problems, measurement, and at the same time note the latest international progress in this field.
6 citations
TL;DR: Wang et al. as discussed by the authors studied Deng Xiaoplng's theory on socialist construction with Chinese distinguishing features and concluded that the theory and practice of sustainable development has further enriched and perfected Deng Xiaoping's theory.
Abstract: China's national sustainable development strategies were drafted under the guidance of Deng Xiaoplng's theory on socialist construction with Chinese distinguishing features and, the theory and practice of sustainable development has further enriched and perfected Deng Xiaoping's theory. An in-depth study of Deng Xiaoplng's theory is significant if we are to accurately understand our sustainable development program and how to best implement the strategies.
6 citations
TL;DR: In this article, the status of desertification in the Heihe River Basin of northwestern China has been investigated, and the main type of the desertification type is sandy desertification with an area of 10 77197 km2.
Abstract: The Heihe River Basin of northwestern China is one of several areas severely affected by desertification This article outlines the status of desertification in this basin There are mainly 5 types of desertification in the Heihe River Basin, namely soil and water erosion, sandy desertification, soil aridization, soil salinization and vegetation degradation Among the 5 types of desertification, the main desertification type is sandy desertification with an area of 10 77197 km2; Second type is soil salinization with an area of 10 59182 km2; Next to the soil salinization is the type of soil and water erosion with an area of 5 74768 km2 and the other types of desertification in the Heihe River Basin are soil aridization with just area of 1 36996 km2 and vegetation degradation type with an area of 1 49048 km2 respectively Both natural and man-made factors are responsible for the causes of desertification development, among which the latter is the main driving force for desertification in the b
5 citations
TL;DR: By analyzing the relationship between a recycling economy and sustainable development theory, this paper put forward the basic concept of recycling economy as a dynamic economic operational model, and explained the four basic characteristics. But, in the end, the phenomena of utilizing the recycling economy concept incorrectly, and sets forth a number of problems that should be noted during the process of developing a sustainable recycling economy in China.
Abstract: By analyzing the relationship between a recycling economy and sustainable development theory, this article puts forward the basic concept of a recycling economy as a dynamic economic operational model, and explains the four basic characteristics. It is stressed that the essential element of a recycling economy is the use of resources circularly. In the end, this article analyzes the phenomena of utilizing the recycling economy concept incorrectly, and sets forth a number of problems that should be noted during the process of developing a recycling economy in China.
4 citations
TL;DR: Wang et al. as discussed by the authors analyzed the land use change in Northeast China during 1985-2000 based on Landsat TM images and divided Northeast China into five land-use zones based on the dynamic degree model of land use: woodland/grassland-arable land conversion zone, dry land-paddy field conversion zone; urban expansion zone, interlocked zone of farming and pasturing and reclamation and abandon zone.
Abstract: Land-use change is an important aspect of global environment change. It is, in a sense, the direct result of human activities influencing our physical environment. This paper analyzed the land- use change in Northeast China during 1985–2000 based on Landsat TM images. It divides Northeast China into five land-use zones based on the dynamic degree model of land-use: woodland/grassland-arable land conversion zone, dry land-paddy field conversion zone; urban expansion zone, interlocked zone of farming and pasturing and reclamation and abandon zone. The findings include the obvious increase of cropland area, paddy field and dry land increased by 75 and 276 thousand hm2 respectively; urban areas expanded rapidly, areas of town and rural residence increased by 76.8 thousand hm2; areas of forests and grassland decreased sharply with the amounts of 1399 and 1521 thousand hm2 respectively; areas of water body and unused land increased by 148 and 514 thousand hm2 respectively. This paper also discusses the...
TL;DR: In this article, some packaging recycling models operated in developed countries are introduced in order to achieve sustainable utilization of natural resources, save energy and protect environment and ecosystem, it is important for a region or a nation to develop and implement a viable waste recycling model from both theoretical and practical point of view.
Abstract: In order to achieve sustainable utilization of natural resources, save energy and protect environment and ecosystem, it is important for a region or a nation to develop and implement a viable waste recycling model from both theoretical and practical point of view. Some packaging recycling models operated in developed countries are introduced in this article. Aluminium can recovery and recycling is emphasized. Cost effective, economic and environmental benefit of different models are compared and analyzed. The result shows that all recycling models have their characteristics due to the initial purpose of recovery and the situation of the implementing country. However, all the models contribute to the reduction of municipal solid waste disposal and resources conservation.
TL;DR: In this article, the authors discuss the relationship between sustainable development and sustainable urban development and suggest several management strategies for developing an eco-city, a desirable sustainable urban model, from different perspectives.
Abstract: Abstract Building ecocities becomes an objective requirement for sustainable development. This article discusses the relationship between sustainable development and sustainable urban development. On the basis of discussing the sigificance of sustainable urban development and that of an eco-city from different perspectives, it suggests several management strategies for developing an eco-city, a desirable sustainable urban model.
TL;DR: Wang et al. as mentioned in this paper examined theoretically the impact of some important institutional arrangements and policies like land management pattern, the rural off-farm employment, land property change and changes in prices of agricultural products on soil degradation.
Abstract: Southeast China is one of the severe soil degradation areas in China. Taking this area for example, this paper examines theoretically the impact of some important institutional arrangements and policies like land management pattern, the rural off-farm employment, land property change and changes in prices of agricultural products on soil degradation. It further conducts some case studies to confirm the potential relationship between the institutions & policies and soil degradation, applying the surveyed and the second hand data. The paper at last makes some conclusions and proposes some policy suggestions on how to promote soil conservation by improving the policy decision-making and thus the effects of policies on land use
TL;DR: In this article, the authors set forth the goals of implementing sustainable development strategy in Shandong Province guided by the view of scientific development of being people oriented, comprehensive, coordinated and sustainable.
Abstract: This paper set forth the goals of implementing sustainable development strategy in Shandong Province guided by the view of scientific development of being people oriented, comprehensive, coordinated and sustainable. Based on the target of sustainable development strategy in Shandong province this paper discusses the main tasks in the sustainable development strategy Countermeasures for sustainable development strategy in Shandong province are put forward.
TL;DR: A new era has begun in the implementation of the sustainable development strategy as mentioned in this paper, and we should take full advantage of this opportunity and make use of all favorable conditions and chances to further promote the implementation.
Abstract: Since China set the sustainable development strategy, positive progress has been made in implementing the strategy, and active contributions have been made to the sustainable development of mankind. Currently, profound changes are taking place in China's internal and external situation. A new era has begun in the implementation of the sustainable development strategy. We should take full advantage of this opportunity and make use of all favorable conditions and chances to further promote the implementation of the sustainable development strategy.
TL;DR: In this article, the main organic pollutant in municipal living waste, kitchen waste causes secondary pollution in the course of its being gathered and transported to the landfill by mixing with other refuse and by decomposition.
Abstract: As the main organic pollutant in municipal living waste, kitchen waste causes secondary pollution in the course of its being gathered and transported to the landfill by mixing with other refuse and by decomposition. This makes pollution prevention more difficult and raises the cost of landfill engineering. However, the amount of solid waste to be treated can be decreased and such pollution burden lessened by disposing of the solid waste in local municipal areas. The program in Beijing also shows that this works well with our situation in China and can accelerate marketization and public participation.
TL;DR: Based on the analysis of the relationship between the development of society and economy and water scarcity, the authors proposes several pieces of advice and countermeasures about how to build the economic systems by which water can be used economically.
Abstract: Since the 1990s, the Yellow River stream has been temporarily interrupted for several years, which affects the development of society, the economy and human life, limits the economic potential of the drainage areas, and especially causes great harm to regions on the lower reaches. Based on the analysis of the relationship between the development of society and economy and water scarcity, the author thinks it is necessary to optimize and adjust the industrial structure that has extravagantly consumed enormous amounts of water, and to develop ecological agriculture, industry and tourism which are balanced with the ecological environment. Finally, the author puts forward several pieces of advice and countermeasures about how to build the economic systems by which water can be used economically.
TL;DR: Lubei General Company of Enterprise Group, Shangdong Province, set up joint enterprises industrial ecosystem by sharing resources, symbiosis industry and compact structure as discussed by the authors, as an ecological Industr...
Abstract: Lubei General Company of Enterprise Group, Shangdong Province, set up joint enterprises industrial ecosystem by sharing resources, symbiosis industry and compact structure. As an ecological Industr...
TL;DR: In this article, the authors put forward the countermeasures of environment-economy coordination, on the basis of the recognition of eco-environment features and social economic conditions in the vulnerable eco-areas of China, in view of the progress in sustainable development studies of the vulnerable ones, taking the transitional areas of farming and pasturing in northeast China as an example to study the regional environment vulnerability.
Abstract: The vulnerable eco-area is one of the important research targets in the field of sustainable development. It is the requirement of building a well-off society in an all-round way that we should study more on the vulnerable eco-areas, deal with the relationship between environmental protection and economic development, speed up the economic development in these areas and increase the living standard of the local people. This paper puts forward the countermeasures of environment-economy coordination, on the basis of the recognition of eco-environment features and social economic conditions in the vulnerable eco-areas of China, in view of the progress in sustainable development studies of the vulnerable ones, taking the transitional areas of farming and pasturing in northeast China as an example to study the regional environment vulnerability.
TL;DR: The second part of the report as mentioned in this paper summarizes surveys on carbon inventories and initiatives on sustainable carbon cycling taken by the Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, where the authors work/worked.
Abstract: The report summarizes surveys on carbon inventories and initiatives on sustainable carbon cycling taken by the Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, where the authors work/worked. The first part of the report, which appeared in the preceding issue of this journal, deals with the concept of sustainable carbon cycling, the historic evolution of carbon cycling processes in China, carbon pool enhancement, value addition, carbon sequestration and carbon balance. This very paper, as the second part of the report, covers the results of carbon dynamics modeling, emission inventories of various carbon-containing greenhouse gases and their potential abatement measures.
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors analyzed the connotation of water saving and water conservation society and proposed a hierarchy indicator system to evaluate the value of water conservation for building water conservation societies.
Abstract: Water saving and developing water conservation society are the two key strategies both for wise water allocation and sustainable utilization. The paper analyses the connotation of water saving and water conservation society. Essentially, water saving means freeing up water from non-beneficial uses and providing it to some more productive uses. Basic principles for setting indicator are presented by providing efficient use of water, considering social issues and ecological protection. An integrated assessing water saving system aiming at more sustainable and efficient consumption is given considering unbalanced social and economic development in regions and basins. The hierarchy Indicator system provides qualified tools to the practice of water conservation and evaluates the value for water conservation society construction.
TL;DR: In this paper, a theoretical framework is built to explain the coherence of population growth, agriculture change and environmental degradation, and a discussion is given to show that these factors are internally consistent with the theoretical framework.
Abstract: Sand-dust storms are the result of the integrated influences of climate, geography, society and human factors. A theoretical framework is built to explain the coherence of population growth, agriculture change and environmental degradation. On the basis of the analysis of the causes of the sand-dust storm in terms of human factors, a discussion will be given to show that these factors are internally consistent with the theoretical framework. After that, it will look at China's Agenda 21 and try to find relevant measures to reduce such large sand-dust storms happening in Northwest China and eventually make this area develop sustainably.
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors study mining-based cities from the perspective of sustainable development, first by having a critical review of their features, and then by researching into strategic options to support their sustainable development.
Abstract: Cities based on mining are distinctive from other cities in China. Their heavy dependence on minerals, a relatively undiversified industrial structure, seriously damaged ecological environment and the rather low degree of openness have all reduced their competitiveness, and severely constrained and hindered their sustainable development. In this paper the authors will study mining-based cities from the perspective of sustainable development, first by having a critical review of their features, and then by researching into strategic options to support their sustainable development.
TL;DR: Wang et al. as discussed by the authors reviewed the achievements of China in sustainable development, especially its institutional construction, and provided concrete suggestions for the rating system in a practical way, and narrated the significance of China's sustainable development in global sustainability.
Abstract: Having argued the importance of China's sustainable development in global sustainability, the authors review the achievements of China in sustainable development, especially its institutional construction. Environment to be counted in official's political performance rating system is thought of as a new institutional mechanism in China facilitating its sustainable development and then global sustainability. Then its significance is narrated and visions in future are envisioned. In the end, certain concrete suggestions for the rating system are given in a practical way.
TL;DR: In this paper, the primary institutions involved in promoting renewable policies in China, the structure of the policies that currently are being drafted, and the status of the complementary, national-level renewable energy law being drafted to provide a legal basis for ongoing local and national level policies.
Abstract: Over the past decade, the Chinese government has developed several plans regulations and policy measures related to the development of renewable energy technologies and has implemented a series of pilot projects. Chinese policymakers have spent several years studying how renewable energy policy models that have been used internationally could be implemented in China. Programs are currently underway to implement pilot renewable portfolio standards, or mandatory market shares (MMS) for renewable energy, in several provinces. This paper examines the primary institutions that are involved in promoting renewable policies in China, the structure of the policies that currently are being drafted, and the status of the complementary, national-level renewable energy law being drafted to provide a legal basis for ongoing local and national-level policies. It then examines the legal requirements for promoting renewable energy legislation under the Chinese law-making system. Finally, it provides recommendatio...
TL;DR: In this paper, a pot experiment was conducted to investigate the influence of citric and oxalic acids effect on Pb and Zn uptake by corn and winter wheat, and two types of soil were chose in the experiment.
Abstract: A pot experiment was conducted to investigate the influence of citric and oxalic acids effect on Pb and Zn uptake by corn and winter wheat. The experiment was employed with citric acid (CA) applied at 3 rates (0, 1.5 and 3.0 mmol kg−1 soil), oxalic acid (OA) at 3 rates (0, 1.5 and 3.0mmol kg−1 soil) and citric acid combined with oxalic acid (1.5 mmol citric acid combined with 1.5 mmol oxalic acid kg−1). Two types of soil were chose in the experiment. One was collected from the agricultural soil near a battery-recycling factory in Anhui province, China (site A) and the other was collected from a Pb-Zn mine residues in Hunan province, China (site B). The results showed that soil pH varied with the different treatment of citric and oxalic acids. However, there were no differences in all the treatments. 3.0mmol CA kg−1 soil addition significantly increased the concentrations of the CaCl2-extractable Pb and Zn and other treatments have no significantly increased. The highest shoot concentrations of Pb...
TL;DR: Wang et al. as discussed by the authors presented the challenges faced by the global mining sectors, outlined an integrated approach of the global minerals industry for sustainable development, and proposed changes in the mineral operations, management, and governance practices in tie Chinese perspective.
Abstract: In view of sustainable development, this paper presents the challenges faced by the global mining sectors, outlines an integrated approach of the global minerals industry for sustainable development, introduces actions for the mineral professionals toward sustainable development, and proposes changes in the mineral operations, management, and governance practices in ttie Chinese perspective.
TL;DR: Wang et al. as discussed by the authors analyzed the characteristics of environmental changes and urban responses using DPSER model, and some operational strategies have been put forward to direct the city environmental management towards a sustainable road step by step.
Abstract: Dramatic economic and social changes have taken place in Jiangyin city due to rapid and uneven urbanization and industrialization. The environmental degradation has followed driven by these changes since the 1980's. With the pressures and effects of environmental deterioration, the city has implemented environmental management to hold back the trends of negative environmental changes. From the viewpoint of systems, DPSER is a good model for urban environmental changes to understand the causes, pressure, state, effect, existing responses and future action strategies. We took Jiangyin city, a developed city in South Jiangsu province, East China, as an example, and analyzed the characteristics of environmental changes and urban responses using DPSER model. Some operational strategies have been put forward to direct the city environmental management towards a sustainable road step by step.
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