Showing papers in "Communication Studies in 1975"
TL;DR: This article found that a majority of respondents perceived mud-slinging to be "personal" attacks on a political opponent, including name-calling, attacks on an opponent's family, and distorted charges.
Abstract: Respondents perceived mud‐slinging to be “personal” attacks on a political opponent. As expected, they cited name‐calling, attacks on an opponent's family, and distorted charges as mud‐slinging. But a majority of respondents also identified as mud‐slinging references to an opponent's voting record, broken campaign promises, rumors on health and financial dealings, and the use of harsh language.
99 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors sought to answer the following questions: (1) What specific verbal and nonverbal behaviors are associated with the initiation of communicative interactions; and (2) Do these verbal andnonverbal behaviors vary according to the degree of acquaintanceship of the participants in the greeting situation.
Abstract: This study sought to answer the following questions: (1) What specific verbal and nonverbal behaviors are associated with the initiation of communicative interactions; and (2) Do these verbal and nonverbal behaviors vary according to the degree of acquaintanceship of the participants in the greeting situation.
38 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, Bormann's dramatistic method of criticism is examined in light of the Indian occupation of the Bureau of Indian Affairs, and rhetorical strategies that flow from a dramatist view of rhetoric are different than those contained in ideologies, situations, or speaker-centered persuasion theories.
Abstract: Rhetorical strategy is examined in light of Ernest G. Bormann's dramatistic method of criticism. The author argues that rhetorical strategies that flow from a dramatistic view of rhetoric are different than the rhetorical strategies that are contained in ideologies, situations, or speaker‐centered persuasion theories. Once defined, the term is applied to the Indian occupation of the Bureau of Indian Affairs.
29 citations
TL;DR: For instance, this article found that men and women selected their partners slightly more frequently than themselves as the person who contributed more to feelings of trust and friendship in a discussion with a specified problem.
Abstract: Fifty‐seven pairs of mixed‐sex dyads discussed a specified problem for ten minutes. Each participant completed a questionnaire following the discussion in which he or she indicated whether self or partner contributed more to feelings of trust and friendship, contributed more to the decision, and talked more. Both men and women selected their partners slightly more frequently than themselves as the person who contributed more to feelings of trust and friendship. By contrast, there were marked differences between men and women in their perceptions of who contributed more to the decision.
28 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, a study of the communication within groups which perceive themselves to be in conflict situations suggests that rhetoric is used to develop equivalent images of the enemy and the struggle, which is similar to our work.
Abstract: A study of the communication within groups which perceive themselves to be in conflict situations suggests that rhetoric is used to develop equivalent images of the enemy and the struggle.
23 citations
TL;DR: In the past fifteen years, rock music in the US has expressed a dream for a recast America and for a changed world as discussed by the authors, and it expresses a desire for a new America and a new world.
Abstract: Rock music in the past fifteen years expresses a dream for a recast America and for a changed world.
16 citations
TL;DR: This paper examined the role of satire in immunizing receivers to counterarguments and found that satire was an effective means of changing attitudes in low ego involved subjects, but this effect was not maintained in the presence of counter-arguments.
Abstract: This study examined the role of satire in immunizing receivers to counterarguments. The results indicated that satire was an effective means of changing attitudes in low ego involved subjects, but this effect is not maintained in the presence of counterarguments.
14 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, the speaker's thesis, his support or opposition to Governor George Wallace of Alabama, and delivery of the speech with a Southern or General American dialect were fac•torialized in a 2' design.
Abstract: Acceptance or rejection of the speaker's thesis, his support or opposition to Governor George Wallace of Alabama, and delivery of the speech with a Southern or General American dialect were fac‐torialized in a 2’ design. Midwestern subjects attributed greater interpersonal attractiveness, authoritativeness, character, and attitude/ value similarity when he used the General American dialect, greater authoritativeness when he used the Southern dialect, and greater character when he opposed Wallace using the Southern’ dialect and supported him using the General American dialect.
14 citations
TL;DR: The authors investigated the dimensions of profane language use in a college student sample and found that two hundred and eighty-three responses to a questionnaire on personal use of "sexual vernacular" were submitted to factor analysis.
Abstract: The purpose of the study was to investigate the dimensions of profane language use in a college student sample. Two hundred and eighty‐three responses to a questionnaire on personal use of “sexual vernacular” were submitted to factor analysis. Results of the factor analysis yielded five dimensions of profane language based upon predispositions to use such words.
13 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, a set of audio-taped systematic desensitization sessions for outside-of-class use was developed to reduce student's speech anxiety with minimum allocation of staff time.
Abstract: A set of audio‐taped systematic desensitization sessions for outside‐of‐class use was developed to reduce student's speech anxiety with minimum allocation of staff time. This automated treatment was as effective as treatment by therapists in reducing scores on McCroskey's PRCA.
8 citations
TL;DR: The authors explored the relationship between argument and rhetoric, Whately's subjective interpretation of probability, and his rhetorical, rather than strictly logical, conception of argumentative proof, and explored the relation between argumentative proofs and argumentative argumentation.
Abstract: This essay explores the relationship between argument and rhetoric, Whately's subjective interpretation of probability, and his rhetorical, rather than strictly logical, conception of argumentative proof.
TL;DR: Although Christian Science can be seen as a unique manifestation of the women's movement, it never became identified with that movement as discussed by the authors, and it was not associated with women's empowerment.
Abstract: Although Christian Science can be seen as a unique manifestation of the women's movement, it never became identified with that movement.
TL;DR: The authors examined two aspects of philosophy (dialectic and ethics) that were particularly important to the courts of the Republic and recognized the benefits that a forensic orator could receive from a cooperative study of rhetoric and philosophy.
Abstract: Cicero recognized the benefits that a forensic orator could receive from a cooperative study of rhetoric and philosophy. This work isolates and examines two aspects of philosophy—dialectic and ethics —that were particularly important to the courts of the Republic.
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors determine the relationship of listener personality to perceptions of speaker credibility, and the results of their analysis allowed for distinctions among the different dimensions of source credibility and the description of a set of listener characteristics relevant to the prediction of credibility ratings.
Abstract: The purpose of this investigation was to determine the relationship of listener personality to perceptions of speaker credibility. The results of the analysis allowed for distinctions among the different dimensions of source credibility, and the description of a set of listener characteristics relevant to the prediction of credibility ratings.
TL;DR: One rhetorical strategy that has been neglected as an object of study over the years is the technique of mystification as mentioned in this paper, where the mystifier conceals his own motives and investments through the use of words and ideas that are ambiguous, but prestigious and acceptable.
Abstract: One rhetorical strategy that has been neglected as an object of study over the years is the technique of mystification. The mystifier conceals his own motives and investments through the use of words and ideas that are ambiguous, but prestigious and acceptable. This rhetorical ploy is perhaps most evident when the powerful seek to justify their status to the weak.
TL;DR: In this paper, a method of internal rhetorical analysis is described as a critical tool in the oral interpretation of dramatic literature, where the components of external rhetorical analysis are redirected to the intrinsic boundaries of a play to reveal the psychic dimensions of a given speaker in a play, discovering his objectives qua rbetor and also the tensions present in the play structure.
Abstract: This article describes a method of internal rhetorical analysis as a critical tool in the oral interpretation of dramatic literature. In it, the components of external rhetorical analysis are re‐directed to the intrinsic boundaries of a play to reveal the psychic dimensions of a given speaker in a play, discovering his objectives qua rbetor and also the tensions present in the play structure.
TL;DR: The authors survey indicates that entire dimensions of political communication have not been studied and that research has not been "receiver-effect" oriented, but also demonstrates that a variety of analytical mehods have been explored.
Abstract: While this survey indicates that entire dimensions of political communication have not been studied and that research has not been “receiver‐effect” oriented, it also demonstrates that a variety of analytical mehods have been explored
TL;DR: This paper investigated interpersonal space among Black and White Midwesterners and their interpretations of such space and found that black and white midwesterners viewed interpersonal space as a binary space, while white Midwestern people viewed it as a homogeneous space.
Abstract: This study investigated interpersonal space among Black and White Midwesterners and their interpretations of such space.
TL;DR: Verbal behaviors of supervisors and clinicians during 56 three‐minute samples of supervisory conferences were analyzed by a ten‐category interactional scale and supervisory competency correlated with nondirective and directive styles, verbal reinforcement, and warmth of interactions.
Abstract: Verbal behaviors of supervisors and clinicians during 56 three‐minute samples of supervisory conferences were analyzed by a ten‐category interactional scale. Seven supervisors in replicated conferences with 14 clinicians talked more than the clinicians and used direct style of supervision. Supervisory competency correlated with nondirective and directive styles, verbal reinforcement, and warmth of interactions.
TL;DR: This paper tested college and high school students' responses to literal, animate metaphoric and inanimate metaphoric passages of discourse and found that in three out of four cases the animate metaphor appeared to have greater novelty than the literal metaphor.
Abstract: Two experiments tested college and high school students’ responses to literal, animate metaphoric and inanimate metaphoric passages of discourse. In three out of four cases the animate metaphoric passages appeared to have greater novelty than the literal passages, they were not recalled more accurately than the literal passages.
TL;DR: The authors investigated the influence of public and interpersonal communication courses, behavioral discrepancy (overexpressive and underexpressive), and behavior type (wanted and expressed) on behavioral changes in the inclusion, control, and affection areas.
Abstract: This study investigated the influence of public and interpersonal communication courses, behavioral discrepancy (over‐expressive and under‐expressive), and behavior type (wanted and expressed) on behavioral changes in the inclusion, control, and affection areas.
TL;DR: In this paper, an analysis of the rhetorical situation facing British parliamentary debaters early in 1780 supplements the exposition of argumentative links between “guns and butter” policy making.
Abstract: An analysis of the rhetorical situation facing British parliamentary debaters early in 1780 supplements the exposition of argumentative links between “guns and butter” policy‐making. Conclusions affirm the continuing need for rhetorical analysis of political debates which link foreign affairs and domestic priorities.
TL;DR: In this article, Bitzer's concept of the rhetorical situation is used to explore the operation of discourse in Weight Watchers International, and the essay considers the three constituents and the six basic features of rhetorical situation.
Abstract: Lloyd Bitzer's concept of the rhetorical situation is used to explore the operation of discourse in Weight Watchers International. The essay considers the three constituents and the six basic features of the rhetorical situation.
TL;DR: In this paper, the concepts of stylistic figure and proof by analogy have been blended in a manner which has rarely occurred until recently, and they are supported by drawing upon the works of George Campbell, Joseph Priestley, and Richard Whately.
Abstract: This essay notes that in some mid‐eighteenth and early nineteenth‐century treatises on rhetoric, the concepts of stylistic figure and proof by analogy were blended in a manner which has rarely occurred until recently. A second suggestion is that this phenomenon occurred in a manner which reflected the thinking of the age. These contentions are supported by drawing upon the works of George Campbell, Joseph Priestley, and Richard Whately.
TL;DR: The relationship between the idea of progress and the evolutionary development of language and communication was explored by 16th century French philosophers as mentioned in this paper, who viewed language and communications as tools to measure a people's progress in the development of languages throughout history.
Abstract: Eighteenth century French philosophers contemplated the relationship between the idea of progress and the evolutionary development of language and communication. They both viewed language and communication as tools to measure a people's progress in the development of language throughout history.
TL;DR: Within his philosophical-psychological system, Locke placed, endorsed, and expanded several modern developments in rhetoric as mentioned in this paper, but perhaps of greater significance to the current study of rhetoric and communication is Locke's advancement of a mechanistic-scientific paradigm for humane studies.
Abstract: Within his philosophical‐psychological system Locke placed, endorsed, and expanded several “modern” developments in rhetoric Less obvious, but perhaps of greater significance to the current study of rhetoric and communication is Locke's advancement of a mechanistic‐scientific paradigm for humane studies
TL;DR: The authors assesses the effect on the audience, programming, and finances which resulted from covering the Watergate hearings and find that the effect of covering the hearings on the general public was significant.
Abstract: This study assesses the effect on the audience, programming, and finances which resulted from covering the Watergate hearings.
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors suggest several topics for research on the social and psychological effects of cable television systems, and suggest several research topics for analyzing the effects of these services on individuals.
Abstract: Cable television systems presently being developed or planned for metropolitan areas will substantially enlarge the range of telecommunication services available to residents. The author suggests several topics for research on the social and psychological effects of these services.