Showing papers in "Current Anthropology in 1993"
TL;DR: A new method of analyzing mtDNA sequences is used that is based on a theory of how mismatch distributions should preserve a record of population expansions and separations in the remote past.
Abstract: Ext. d'A.: In this paper we use a new method of analyzing mtDNA sequences that is based on a theory of how mismatch distributions -histograms of the number of pair-wise differences in the sample of DNA sequences- should preserve a record of population expansions and separations in the remote past
617 citations
TL;DR: In this article, the authors proposed that the allocation of reproductive ("mating" and "parenting") effort in adults may be partially contingent on their early experience with the causes and correlates of local high death rates.
Abstract: Many social scientists reject evolutionary views of human behavior because of their supposed genetic determinism. To establish that not all evolutionary models are inherently deterministic the author first reviews the perennial adaptationist-mechanist controversy in evolutionary biology. He then outlines life-history theory a burgeoning field of biology devoted to the study of reproduction growth and development and ecology in an evolutionary context. He undertakes next to show how life-history theory can provide a satisfactory resolution to the adaptationist-mechanist debate. Combining Promislow and Harveys arguments about the role of mortality rates in the evolution of life-history traits with Belsky Steinberg and Drapers attachment-theory model of the development of alternative reproductive strategies in humans the author proposes that the allocation of reproductive ("mating" and "parenting") effort in adults may be partially contingent on their early experience with the causes and correlates of local high death rates. The author concludes with a discussion of some implications of this proposal for the emerging field of evolutionary psychology. (authors)
574 citations
TL;DR: The authors look to egalitarian behavior as an instance of domination of leaders by their own followers, who are guided by an ethos that disapproves of hierarchical behavior in general and of bossiness in leaders in particular.
Abstract: Egalitarian society is \"explained\" chiefly in terms of ecological or social factors that are self-organizing. However, egalitarian behavior is found in a wide variety of social and ecological settings, and the indications are that such societies are deliberately shaped by their members. This paper looks to egalitarian behavior as an instance of domination of leaders by their own followers, who are guided by an ethos that disapproves of hierarchical behavior in general and of bossiness in leaders in particular. A substantial cross-cultural survey reveals the specific mechanisms by which the political rank and file creates a reverse dominance hierarchy, an anomalous social arrangement which has important implications for cross-phylogenetic comparisons and for the theory of state formation.
542 citations
TL;DR: In this article, a modele derive de la morphologie et de l'ethologie comparative des primates is proposed, which suggere l'idee que le besoin is le moteur de l'sevolution du langage and de l'tencephalisation des hominides dans un groupe.
Abstract: l'auteur propose un modele derive de la morphologie et de l'ethologie comparative des primates. Il suggere l'idee que le besoin est le moteur de l'evolution du langage et de l'encephalisation des hominides dans un groupe. Le langage etant necessaire a la cohesion sociale.
535 citations
TL;DR: This article showed that the insurance argument is not empirically supported for!Kung, Ache, and Hadza foragers, and showed that self-interested actors will rarely find the consumption value they place on collective goods sufficient reason to supply them.
Abstract: People who hunt and gather for a living share some resources more widely than others. A favored hypothesis to explain the differential sharing is that giving up portions of large, unpredictable resources obligates others to return shares of them later, reducing everyone's variance in consumption. I show that this insurance argument is not empirically supported for !Kung, Ache, and Hadza foragers. An alternative hypothesis is that the cost of not sharing these resources is too high to pay. If exclusion costs are high, then these resources are like public goods. If so, why does anyone provide them? I briefly review treatments of the problem of public goods by economists and use a simple model to show why self-interested actors will rarely find the consumption value they place on collective goods sufficient reason to supply them. The model underlines the obvious corollary that individuals get more to consume if others provide collective goods. This is a reason to prefer neighbors and associates who are suppliers. Such a preference may itself be a benefit worth seeking. I construct another simple model to explore this. Taken together the models suggest wo competing foraging oals: feeding one's family and gaining social benefits instead. This highlights conflicts of economic interest among family members. It is a direct challenge to influential scenarios of human evolution built on the assumption that men are primarily paternal investors who hunt to support their spouses and offspring.
361 citations
TL;DR: The basis for the study of the thickening observed in certain Pleistocene crania is the analysis of the tournaisian thickening, a feature of Homo sapiens that has been observed in recent times in Europe.
Abstract: basis for the study of the thickening observed in certain Pleistocene crania." XVIIth International Congress of Medicine, London, July 1913, section 7, pp. 3-46. SMITH, F. H. AND F. SPENCER. I984. The origins of modern humans: A world survey of the fossil evidence. New York: Alan R. Liss. STEWART, T. D. I95 I. The problem of the earliest claimed representatives of Homo sapiens. Cold Spring Harbor Symposia on Quantitative Biology. I5:97-Io6.
188 citations
TL;DR: In this article, l'auteur describes the use of two forms of communication: le langage and la communication non verbale, a form of communication used by the humans for communiquer.
Abstract: Etude des deux formes de communication utilisee par les humains : le langage et la communication non verbale ; cette derniere forme etant utilisee par les primates pour communiquer. Commentaires, reponse de l'auteur.
177 citations
TL;DR: Etude du regime agro-sylvicole des mayas de la region du Peten Itza (Guatemala) as mentioned in this paper : 1° L'integration des champs cultives a la foret tropicale de la peten itza moderne est directement liee aux systemes agricoles mayas des plaines.
Abstract: Etude du regime agro-sylvicole des Mayas de la region du Peten Itza (Guatemala) : 1° L'integration des champs cultives a la foret tropicale du Peten Itza moderne est directement liee aux systemes agricoles mayas des plaines ; 2° Il est caracterise par un systeme cyclique permettant de maintenir les cultures par une regeneration continue de la diversite biologique de la foret ; 3° La chute de la civilisation du Classique Final peut etre attribuee a la transformation de ces cultures extensives en systemes agricoles plus intensifs et parasitaires ; 4° L'agriculture sylvicole maya est aujourd'hui menacee d'extinction a cause de l'abattage des arbres, et de la disparition des animaux et du language Itza
147 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, a critique du modele reciprocite-altruisme is presented, and the reponse de K. Hawkes a ces critiques is given, along with la notion de modele de partage de la nourriture, redistribution, controle alimentaire, de vol tolere, reciprocite, d'altruistica, les roles feminin et masculin, circulation de la nutrition, etc.
Abstract: La premiere partie est consacree a la critique des conclusions de Kristen Hawkes quant au partage des produits de la chasse et au role de l'homme dans les activites d'approvisionnement, de controle des ressources et de prise de decision quant a la redistribution, sa critique du modele reciprocite-altruisme. La deuxieme partie est la reponse de K. Hawkes a ces critiques. Les notions de modele de partage de la nourriture, de redistribution, de controle alimentaire, de vol tolere, de reciprocite, d'altruisme, les roles feminin et masculin, de circulation de la nourriture entre parents et enfants et les benefices sociaux des partages sont etudies en fonction du contexte (ecologique, taille de la tribu et du groupe familial, statut de producteur de nourriture) dans six tribus amerindiennes
139 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, l'auteur explique les raison qui poussent les chasseurs cueilleurs a modifier leurs habitudes migratoires en particulier for les populations paleolithiques du Levant.
Abstract: Dans cet article, l'auteur explique les raison qui poussent les chasseurs cueilleurs a modifier leurs habitudes migratoires en particulier pour les populations paleolithiques du Levant
131 citations
TL;DR: The origin of agriculture in the Near East can be attributed to the response of early people to a unique sequence of climatic events from 13.000 to 10.000 years BP.
Abstract: The origin of agriculture in the Near East can be attributed to the response of early people to a unique sequence of climatic events from 13.000 to 10.000 years BP, resulting from a combination of shifts in atmospheric circulation patterns caused by the presence of the continental ice sheets and changes the distribution of summer insolation related to earth/sun orbital variations.
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors explore the geographical extent of the world system and date its cyclical ups and downs during the Bronze Age and, in a preliminary way, the early Iron Age.
Abstract: This essay explores the geographical extent of the world system and dates its cyclical ups and downs during the Bronze Age and, in a preliminary way, the early Iron Age. The scope of these twin tasks is exceptionally wide and deep: wide in exploring a single world system that encompasses much of Afro-Eurasia, deep in identifying systemwide conomic and political cycles since more than 5,000 years ago.
TL;DR: Jeon et al. as mentioned in this paper found that the production of public representations of stereotyped male and female actions that are disjunctive (varying in media or in the contrasts selected for emphasisl is associated with episodes of intensification of social stratification.
Abstract: CURRENT ANTHROPOLOGY Volume 34, Number 3, June 1993 Cll991 by The Wenner·Gren Foundation for AnthropologIcal Research. All nghts reserved 001 !·PO¥93/H03-OOOJ.SJ..So Women's Work Images of Production and Reproduction in Pre-Hispanic Southern Central America by Rosemary A. Joyce ''hat interests prompted the production of human images in the indigenous cultures of Central America? This question is ex plored here by counterposing three diverse yet interconnected tra ditions of human representation: those of the Classic Lowland Maya, the Honduran Ulua-Polychrome makers, and the Lower Central American cultures of Nicaragua and Costa Rica. Disjunc tions in the contexts of use and disposal of human images dem onstrate different selective gender stereotypes in these three tradi tions and indicate that the contrast between the household and the public arena is of varying concern. When these images are placed in local developmental chronologies it becomes apparent that the production of public representations of stereotyped male and female actions that are disjunctive (varying in media or in the contrasts selected for emphasisl is associated with episodes of intensification of social stratification. The production of hu man representations in these societies may be a means through which the negotiation of men's and women's social status took place during times of change. ROSEMARY A. JOYCE is Associate Professor of Anthropology at Harvard University (Cambridge, Mass. 02138, U.S.A.). Born in 1956, she was educated at Cornell University (B.A., 1978) and the University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign (Ph.D., 19851. She has been Assistant Curator (1985-86) and Assistant Director {1986-891 of the Peabody Museum at Harvard and curator of the reinstallation of the museum's Latin American gallery in 1992 and of an exhibit on pre-Columbian archaeology at Heritage Plan tation, Sandwich, Mass., in 1991. Her fieldwork includes survey and excavation in the Ulua River valley and the Department of Yoro in Honduras. Her research interests center on social com plexity in pre-Columbian Mesoamerica and Central America. Among her publications are The Ulua Valley and the Coastal Maya Lowlands: The View from Cerro Palenque, in The South east Classic Maya Zone, edited by Gordon R. Willey and Eliza beth Boone (Washington, D.C.: Dumbarton Oaks Foundation, 1988), The Construction of the Maya Periphery and the Mayoid Image of Honduran Polychrome Ceramics, in Reinterpreting the Prehistory of Ceneral America. edited by Mark Miller Graham (Boulder: University of Colorado Press, in press), Cerro Palenque: Power and Identity on the Maya Periphery (Austin: University of Texas Press, 19911, and the editing of Tatiana Proskouriakoff's Maya History (Austin: University of Texas Press, 19931. The pres ent paper was submitted in final form 3 Xl 92. In 1982, while conducting excavations at the Terminal Classic site of Cerro Palenque, in Honduras's Vlua Val ley (fig. I), I encountered a pail of cached figurines in the centlal platform of a small Iesidential group lIoyce 1991:48, 95-96, 107, II4-15). Both wele fine, mold made, hollow human figures. They had been bUlied, ap parently standing upright, in small pits east and west of an exotic stone slab. The eastern figurine depicted a per son dressed in a bird·feather costume with a bird-head helmet, holding a conch-shell horn. This figule Wale eaI spools and a rectangulaI bead collaI above a bale chest. The lower portion was too eroded to reconstruct, but the lack of breasts indicated that the figule depicted was male. The paired western figurine was better preserved. It depicted a woman wearing an ankle-length skirt, ear spools, and rectangulaI plaque pendant. HeI exposed chest was malked by clearly modeled breasts. Her left hand was Iaised, grasping her hair. On her head was bal anced a two-handled, necked jar identical in proportions and profile to examples recovered in excavations in the group, forms probably used to contain liquids. The pairing of these figurines suggested that they rep resented a duality, the interdependent members of the household which made its home in the residential group. Debris from around the central platform con tained a suite of artifacts-censers} decorated jars} and obsidian blades-characteristic of apparent sites of rit ual at Cerro Palenque. The artifacts and caches rein forced the identification of this central platform as a household shrine based on analogy with Maya sites such as Mayapan IProskouriakoff 1962, Smith 1971:108-9). The placement of the figurines in this location indicated that they carried significant symbolic weight. A consideration of Honduran figurines with similar themes and comparison with others in neighboring Classic Maya and Lower Central American societies allow me to suggest an interpretation of the nature of these figurines and the significance of their carehil placement. In each of these areas, a subset of human figurines represents women actively engaged in the work that sustained the household. Differences in the precise nature of men}s and women's contributions highlighted by human figures in different media illumi nate the interplay of gender, labor} and social stratifica tion in neighboring Classic Maya} Honduran} and Lower Central American societies. Production of human im ages, waxing and waning through time} may have heen one response to tensions in social relations within households undergoing social stratification. Representation and Social Life Treating the production of anthropomorphic images as a cultural means of responding to and shaping the condi tions of social existence is a semiotic enterprise that requires confrontation of the nature of representation, the status of these particular representations as signs, and my approach to their interpretation. I ~ttempt what
TL;DR: A study of the archaeological debris scattered through the lower Okote Member of the Koobi Fora Formation in northwestern Kenya reveals a serious mismatch between the interpretive models being applied to the earliest archaeological data and the empirical structure of those data as discussed by the authors.
Abstract: Since the late igth century archaeologists have struggled to understand the behavioural significance of material remains surviving from the distant reaches of time. A study of the archaeological debris scattered through the lower Okote Member of the Koobi Fora Formation in northwestern Kenya reveals a serious mismatch between the interpretive models being applied to the earliest archaeological data and the empirical structure of those data. Both the low-density scatters and the high-density patches that make up this record are palimpsests of material remains that accumulated over tens of thousands of years. There is a remarkable similarity in the composition and characteristics of the archaeological assemblages recovered from the scatters and the patches. Both represent the material residues of many different and unrelated behavioural episodes, influenced by a different set of variables to those that produced the patterned distributions that archaeologists identify in these data. To decode the behavioural significance of these behavioural traces archaeologists need to investigate both the relationship between the material re mains created by an infinitely variable set of behavioural episodes and the patterns and trends in these data created over long time spans and to develop a theory of human action over the middle to long term.
TL;DR: Calvin (i983) has hypothesized that the neurophysiological, perceptual, and cognitive demands of throwing may have served as important evolutionary precursors to a variety of traits in early hominids.
Abstract: Calvin (i983) has hypothesized that the neurophysiological, perceptual, and cognitive demands of throwing may have served as important evolutionary precursors to a variety of traits( eg, handedness, tool use, and language processing) in early hominids Eighty-eight percent of humans throw with their right hands (Healey, Liederman, and Geschwind I986), and Calvin has argued that this right-handed throwing evolved as a result of a left-hemisphere specialization for planned sequential movements He has further suggested that right-handed throwing would have been more prevalent in females than in males because females predominantly carried infants on the left arm, leaving the right hand available for other actions Infant carrying has also been hypothesized as a major selective feature in the evolution of bipedalism in hominids (Leakey I976)
TL;DR: In this article, the authors show that the scenario suggested for the interpretation of the genetic variation in the Iberian Peninsula as the outcome of population history is internally consistent and that no causal relationship between facts and hypothesis has been demonstrated.
Abstract: differences have helped us to recognize events not considered in the simulation (such as the corridor along the Ebro Valley) and its shortcomings (such as the spread of Basque characteristics). Beyond the coincidences, however, no causal relationship between facts and hypothesis has been demonstrated. What this study shows is that the scenario suggested for the interpretation of the genetic variation in the Iberian Peninsula as the outcome of population history is internally consistent. A direct demonstration may never be possible.
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors present an etude critique du modele neuropsychologique for expliquer quelques aspects de la vision de l'art megalithique and des phenomenes geometriques entoptiques.
Abstract: L'A. fait une etude critique du modele neuropsychologique pour expliquer quelques aspects de la vision de l'art megalithique et des phenomenes geometriques entoptiques.
TL;DR: The authors demontre qu'une approche basee sur la pratique des acteurs est plus plausible que les modeles materialiste, fonctionnel ou evolutioniste.
Abstract: L'A. s'attache a demontrer la valeur d'une theorie de la pratique dans l'etude ethnologique de l'evolution politique et notamment de la centralisation politique, c'est-a-dire de la concentration du pouvoir. L'A. demontre qu'une approche basee sur la pratique des acteurs est plus plausible que les modeles materialiste, fonctionnel ou evolutioniste. Une etude de cas des populations des iles Niue et Tongatapu a permis de tester cette theorie.
TL;DR: In this paper, the logic of the comparative method and the algebra of logic are studied in the context of scientific explanation, and a case for ''qualitative confirmation'' for the social and behavioral sciences is made.
Abstract: I005. . I99I. Dowry and female competition: A reply to Dickemann. American Anthropologist 93:946-48. GLYMOUR, CLARK. I975. Relevant evidence. Journal of Philosophy I22:403-26. HARTUNG, JOACHIM, BARBEL ELPELT, AND KARL-HEINZ KLOSENER. I985. Statistik. Miunchen: R. Oldenburg. HEMPEL, CARL G. I965 (I945). \"Studies in the logic of confirmation,\" in Aspects of scientific explanation. New York: Free Press. LAMBERT, KAREL, AND GORDON G. BRITTAN. I99I. Eine Einfiihrung in die Wissenschaftsphilosophie. B rlin: de Gruyter. MILLER, STEVEN I., AND MARCEL FREDERICKS. I99I. A case for \"qualitative confirmation\" for the social and behavioral sciences. Philosophy of Science 58:452-67. RAGIN, CHARLES. I989. The logic of the comparative method and the algebra of logic. Journal of Quantitative Anthropology
TL;DR: Kara-Bom as mentioned in this paper is a site de plein-air de Mongolie Russe, au pied des montagnes de Sayan, a 4 km au sud du village de Elo.
Abstract: Kara-Bom est un site de plein-air de Mongolie Russe, au pied des montagnes de Sayan, a 4 km au sud du village de Elo. Les fouilles ont mis en evidence 7 niveaux d'occupation du pleistocene superieur, 2 sont caracteristiques du Mousterien, 4 du Paleolithique superieur ancien, 1 du Paleolithique superieur recent. Les datation C14 s'echelonnent entre 30.990 ± 460 BP et 43.300 ± 1.600 BP
TL;DR: The relations entre les Zuni and les musees americains, en particulier le Musee d'art de Denver et l'institution smithsonienne, entre 1978 et 1987 avant la publication du Native American Graves Protection and Repatriation de 1990, were analyzed in this paper.
Abstract: Histoire des relations entre les Zuni et les musees americains, en particulier le Musee d'art de Denver et l'institution smithsonienne entre 1978 et 1987 avant la publication du Native American Graves Protection and Repatriation de 1990. Les Amerindiens ont reussi a convaincre de la necessite du retour de leurs biens culturels et religieux, parmi lesquels les Ahayu:da, objets protecteurs des Zuni, dieux jumeaux ou dieux de la guerre. Analyse des negociations dans lesquelles un conservateur, un anthropologue zuni et un anthropologue consultant representant les Zuni ont joue un role
TL;DR: The evolution of reciprocal altruism andParental investment and sexual selection, in Sexual selection and the descent of man I871-197I.
Abstract: 265:44I-43. PETTY, R. E., AND J. T. CACIOPPO. I986. Communication and persuasion: Central and peripheral routes to attitude change. New York: Springer-Verlag. ROGERS, A. R. I993. Why menopause? Evolutionary Ecology. In press. ROTH, A. E. I985. Game theoretic models of bargaining. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. TRIVERS, R. L. I97I. The evolution of reciprocal altruism. Quarterly Review of Biology 46:35-57. . I972. \"Parental investment and sexual selection,\" in Sexual selection and the descent of man I871-197I. Edited by B. Campbell, pp. I36-79. Chicago: Aldine. . I974. Parent-offspring conflict. American Zoologist I4:
TL;DR: The authors presented a dynamic optimality model of herding and farming as long-term survival strategies to predict which modes of subsistence will be associated with different ecological and economic conditions and therefore to examine under what circumstances people might change from one mode of subsistence to another.
Abstract: This paper presents a dynamic optimality model of herding and farming as long-term survival strategies. The model can be used to predict which modes of subsistence will be associated with different ecological and economic conditions and therefore to examine under what circumstances people might change from one mode of subsistence to another. It predicts that the shift into pastoralism is associated, principally, with increasing wealth, and examples from recent history support his. It also explains such counter-intuitive b haviour as pastoralists' taking up cultivation in an area although farmers are moving out.
TL;DR: In this article, Lara et al. proposed the definition of criteria for recognition of artificial bone alterations, including trampling versus butchery, in order to distinguish natural from cultural damage on antler.
Abstract: MEDINA LARA, F., C. BARROSO RUIZ, J. L. SANCHIDRIAN TORTI, AND A. RUIZ BUSTOS. I987. \"Avance al estudio de los niveles musterienses de la cueva del Boquete de Zafarraya, Alcaucin, Malaga (Excavaciones de I98I-83),\" in Homenaje a L. Siret, pp. 94-105. Sevilla: Consejeria de Cultura. MORLAN, R. E. I984. Toward the definition of criteria for recognition of artificial bone alterations. Quaternary Research 22: I60-71. OBERMAIER, H. 1925. El hombre f6sil. Madrid: C.I.P.P. OLSEN, L. S. I988. On distinguishing natural from cultural damage on archaeological antler. Journal of Archaeological Science I6:125-35. OLSEN, L. S., AND P. SHIPMAN. I988. Surface modification on bone: Trampling versus butchery. Journal of Archaeological Science 15:535-53. ORDIDGE, R. M. I985. The equine metacarpus. 2. The cannon bone. Veterinary Annual 25:192-200. PEI, W. C. 1938. Le r6le des animaux et des causes naturelles dans la cassure des os. Palaeontologia Sinica, n.s., 7:I-I6. RUIZ BUSTOS, A. I984. El yacimento paleontol6gico de CullarBaza I. Investigaci6n y Ciencia 91:20-30. SADDEK-KOOROS, H. 1975. \"Intentional fracturing of bone: Description of criteria,\" in Archaeozoological studies. Edited by A. T. Clason, pp. 139-50. Amsterdam: North Holland Publishing. SAENZ DE BURUAGA, A. S. I99I. Elpaleolitico superior de la cueva de Gatzarria. Zuberoa, Pais Vasco. Velea, Serie Mayor, 6. SHIPMAN, P. I98I. Applications of scanning electron microscopy to taphonomic problems. Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences 376:357-86. . I988. \"Actualistic studies of animal resources and hominid activities,\" in Scanning electron microscopy in archaeology. Edited by S. L. Olsen, pp. 26i-85. British Archaeological Reports International Series 452.
Journal Article•
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Abstract: Stable URL:http://links.jstor.org/sici?sici=0011-3204%28199308%2F10%2934%3A4%3C434%3AOPAO%3E2.0.CO%3B2-0Current Anthropology is currently published by The University of Chicago Press.Your use of the JSTOR archive indicates your acceptance of JSTOR's Terms and Conditions of Use, available athttp://www.jstor.org/about/terms.html. JSTOR's Terms and Conditions of Use provides, in part, that unless you have obtainedprior permission, you may not download an entire issue of a journal or multiple copies of articles, and you may use content inthe JSTOR archive only for your personal, non-commercial use.Please contact the publisher regarding any further use of this work. Publisher contact information may be obtained athttp://www.jstor.org/journals/ucpress.html.Each copy of any part of a JSTOR transmission must contain the same copyright notice that appears on the screen or printedpage of such transmission.The JSTOR Archive is a trusted digital repository providing for long-term preservation and access to leading academicjournals and scholarly literature from around the world. The Archive is supported by libraries, scholarly societies, publishers,and foundations. It is an initiative of JSTOR, a not-for-profit organization with a mission to help the scholarly community takeadvantage of advances in technology. For more information regarding JSTOR, please contact support@jstor.org.http://www.jstor.orgMon Oct 22 15:54:16 2007
TL;DR: In this article, Bar-Yosef et al. discuss the relation entre the position of Kebara KMH 2 and le langage Neandertalien and present a critique of this article.
Abstract: Critique de l'article de Bar-Yosef et alii (C.A. 1993/33) sur l'etude de la relation entre la position de l'os hyoide de Kebara KMH 2 et le langage Neandertalien.
TL;DR: In this article, the drunken king, or The origin of the state, is described as a metaphor for the origins of the modern state of the United States, with an introduction and notes by Roy Willis.
Abstract: I i98I. Why marry her? Society and symbolic structures. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. . I982a. Rois nes d'un coeur de vache: Mythes et rites bantous, vol. 2. Paris: Gallimard. . i982b. The drunken king, or The origin of the state. With an introduction and notes by Roy Willis. Bloomington: Indiana University Press. . I983. Du bon usage des femmes et des boeufs: Les transformation du mariage en Afrique australe. L'Homme
TL;DR: Lee et Guenther as mentioned in this paper investigated inconsistencies between the history of social and commercial relations in the Kalahari region of South-West Africa and l'histoire social et commerciale.
Abstract: Lee et Guenther ont souleve une erreur concernant la carte okavango de la region Nyae-Nyae-Dobe utilisee par l'A. dans certains de ces travaux sur le desert du Kalahari, notamment quant aux implications par rapport aux routes commerciales et aux relations commerciales attenantes entre les differentes populations d'Afrique du sud ouest (San, Bushmen, Bantu, Khoisan, etc.) au 19 e siecle. En s'appuyant sur des recits de voyages ethnographiques ainsi que sur l'histoire orale, l'A. tente de clarifier ces inconsistences dans l'histoire sociale et commerciale du Kalahari qui posent incidemment la question rhetorique de la « verite » en anthropologie et de la validite de la perception anthropologique